[Case report of cornual polyp in tubal sterility].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Hoshiai
Publications and source records attributed to H Hoshiai.
Relationship between follicular fluid steroid concentrations and in vitro fertilization.
Steroid concentrations were measured in follicular fluid obtained from patients fertilized in vitro. Progesterone and estradiol-17 beta concentrations showed positive correlations with the growth of follicles, whereas the testosterone concentration had negative correlations not only with follicle growth but also with progesterone and estradiol-17 beta concentrations. The testosterone concentration was significantly lower in follicles with cleaved oocytes than in those with uncleaved oocytes or those with cleaved but degenerated oocytes. After the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, the fluid contained significantly higher progesterone and lower testosterone concentrations than after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. These results indicate that steroid concentrations vary with the growth of follicles, and that the oocyte that can cleave well tends to be associated with a low testosterone concentration. Furthermore, the LH surge seems to provide a better hormonal condition for cleavage than does hCG injection.
Body Fluids↗
[The evaluation of serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone concentrations and urinary estrogen excretion level for the monitoring indices of follicular maturation].
We have evaluated serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and urinary estrogen excretion in 24 hour urine samples to monitor indices of follicular maturation. The serum steroid levels were determined with the direct radioimmunoassay kit. The urinary estrogen level was measured with the estrogen micrometering kit using hemagglutination inhibition reaction. Moreover, relationships between these steroid levels and the follicular size measured with ultrasound were analyzed. The serum estradiol concentration and the estrogen excretion in 24 hour urine samples mostly showed a continuous increase during the late follicular phase, and had a positive correlation to the maximum follicular diameter of the leading follicle (MxFD) and to the total of the maximum diameter of the follicles (TFD). The serum progesterone concentration showed a remarkable increase especially on the day of the LH surge onset in many cases, and had a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation to MxFD but not to TFD. The serum testosterone concentration, however, showed neither a specific tendency on its daily change nor a correlation with the follicular size. These results indicated that the serum estradiol and progesterone, and the urinary estrogen excretion can be utilized as indices of follicular maturation.
Estradiol↗
Establishment and characterization of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line.
Ascitic fluid was obtained from a patient with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. The cells obtained from the fluid were cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 15% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C under humidified 5% CO2 and 95% air. Epithelial colonies grew rapidly in the primary culture and we were able to remove them from the dish without contamination of fibroblastic cells. In the subculturing process, the cells were allowed to proliferate for over 2 years, developing 40 transfer generations. The morphology, chromosomes, and hormonal responses of the ensuing cell line were then documented.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Measurement of urinary estrogen level with the urinary estrogen micrometry method in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer therapy.
We have evaluated a new micrometering kit using hemagglutination inhibition reaction for determination of total estrogens in urine of normal fertile women and women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The micrometering kit was sensitive enough to monitor follicular maturation, and its technique was simple and rapid. Results were obtained in 2.5 hours. By the analysis of the individual estrogen levels in urine collected every 4 hours from 20 IVF-ET patients, the following results were found, with a few exceptions: once the level had exceeded 60 ng/ml, the onset of the luteinizing hormone surge was induced within the next 72 hours; when the level had been under 60 ng/ml, the onset was not induced within the next 24 hours
Adult↗
Morphologic differentiation of human immature teratoma cell in vitro.
Immature teratoma cells obtained from a patient's ovary were cultured and morphologically characterized in the early culturing stage. The major part of the tumor was composed of neuroglial-like tissues which were surrounded by neuroepithelial-like tissues. The neuroglial-like cells cultured in vitro morphologically differentiated to the epithelioid cells and the morphologic pattern of the culture came to resemble that of the original lesion. Furthermore, some kinds of the differentiated cell grew out from the cell aggregate that grew on the colonies of the neuroglial-like cells. The morphological character of the cultured immature teratoma cells suggests that neuroglial-like cells have totipotency to change to differentiated cells forming a teratoma.
Adolescent↗
The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on serum steroid concentration in singleton and twin pregnancies and its effect on cervical canal-ripening in singleton pregnancies.
Each of 20 pregnant women (greater than or equal to 39 weeks) was given an intravenous injection of various doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg) of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) and each of 5 pregnant women (greater than or equal to 39 weeks) was given glucose solution as a control. After the administration of DHA-S, significant increases in serum estrogen concentration, especially estradiol-17 beta concentration, and in the Bishop score were observed. The maximum increase in the level of estradiol-17 beta was significantly correlated with the doses of 50-200 mg of DHA-S. However, serum levels of estrone or estriol were not dose-dependently increased by DHA-S. Since the rate of conversion of DHA-S to estrogen did not necessarily seem to be dose-dependent, there may be some limitation regarding converted doses of DHA-S. There was a significant correlation between the increase in serum estrogen concentration and the increase in the Bishop score. Two hundred mg DHA-S were administered to 4 subjects pregnant with twins. Serum estrogen concentrations in these subjects were significantly higher than those in singleton pregnancies after the administration.
Adult↗
Effect of indomethacin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on incorporation of [3H]uridine by preimplantation mouse embryo.
Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, depressed the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA of mouse preimplantation embryo, when it was injected in vivo or added in vitro. In contrast, prostaglandin F2 alpha decreased the inhibitory effect of indomethacin, when it was added in vitro with indomethacin. The results of these experiments suggest that prostaglandin F2 alpha plays a role in the process of implantation and that the mouse preimplantation embryo may be able to produce prostaglandin F2 alpha.
Animals↗
Induction of ovulation with an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen.
Tamoxifen (Norvadex), synthesized by the Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., is a triphenylethylene derivative having a clomiphene-like structure and displays anti-estrogenic activities. In this study we used tamoxifen for the treatment of anovulatory infertility and investigated the clinical results. Induction rate of ovulation recorded 100% in the patients with sporadic anovulatory cycle, 83.3% in those with persistent anovulatory cycle, 70% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type I and 66.7% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type II. However, tamoxifen was absolutely ineffective against the second grade amenorrhea. The patients with sporadic or persistent anovulatory cycle responded to 40 mg-daily tamoxifen-treatment, recording 100% of ovulatory induction rate. The patients with the first grade amenorrhea also responded to 60 mg-daily treatment, indicating 70% of ovulatory induction rate. The rate of pregnancy established in the women desiring pregnancy marked 15.4%, and 2 out of 4 women with successful pregnancy experienced spontaneous abortion. Out of 4 patients who did not respond to the previous clomiphene treatment, 3 women accomplished ovulatory induction with tamoxifen. The endocrinological dynamics in the tamoxifen treatment were similar to those in the clomiphene treatment.
Amenorrhea↗
Effects of phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidyl choline, and fatty acid on the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa.
An in vitro penetration assay employing zona-free hamster eggs was used to study the effects of phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidyl choline, and fatty acid on the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa were preincubated for 4 hr in modified Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham's medium (mBWW) containing a specific phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB: 1 X 10(-5) - 1 X 10(-3) M), lysophosphatidyl choline (LC: 5-500 micrograms/ml), and arachidonic acid (AA: 5-500 micrograms/ml), prior to the addition of zona-free superovulated hamster eggs. Eggs were examined microscopically 2 or 4 hr later for evidence of swelling or decondensing sperm heads in the cytoplasm. Lysophosphatidyl choline increased penetration rates of spermatozoa from 43.2% (control) to 91.4% (LC: 50 micrograms/ml). Arachidonic acid also increased penetration rates from 51.6% (control) to 87.0% (AA: 5 micrograms/ml) and 80.5% (AA: 50 micrograms/ml). p-BPB decreased penetration rates from 90.6% (1% dimethyl sulfoxide) to 16.0% (1% dimethyl sulfoxide+p-BPB 1 X 10(-4) M). These results suggest that endogenous phospholipase A2 may break membrane phosphatidyl choline into lysophosphatidyl choline and fatty acid, when the acrosome reaction occurs.
Acetophenones↗
Effect of estradiol, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha on incorporation of [3H]uridine by preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro.
To determine whether estrogen and prostaglandins have a direct effect on the preimplantation embryo, the effect of these compounds added to mouse embryos in vitro was examined. Embryos were incubated in culture media containing [3H]uridine with or without the substances to be tested. The addition of estradiol (10(-8)M) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (1 microgram/ml or 10 micrograms/ml) stimulated the incorporation of uridine into RNA. However, prostaglandin E2 at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml had an inhibitory effect. These findings indicate that estradiol and prostaglandin F2 alpha may have, in addition to an indirect effect mediated by uterine factors, a direct effect on embryonic growth that activates embryos to implant.
Animals↗
[Prediction of Ovulation and timing of AIH].
The relation among ultrasonographic follicular diameter, serum estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), cervical mucus changes, and basal body temperature (BBT) was studied. One hundred and eight cycles were examined in forty-two infertile patients. The last low day of the BBT curve was taken as day zero. In 83 of the 85 cycles, 158 of 163 times, follicles could be observed by ultrasonography. Follicular rupture was confirmed in 12 cycles. The mean diameter of the follicles measured the day before estimated ovulation was 24.00 +/- 3.10mm (mean +/- S.D.). Serum E2 levels were more than 400pg /ml from day -2 to day -1 and the peak serum LH levels occurred on day 0. The volume of cervical mucus (C.M.) was more than 100mm3 from day -2 to day +1. The volume was decreased in clomid stimulated cycles and the C.M. displayed a 3+ ferning 23/28 cycles on day 0. Among 5 pregnancies induced by homologous artificial insemination (AIH), three were done on day -2, one on day +1 and one on day +2. The best time to do AIH is when serum E2 is more than 400pg /ml, serum LH is more than 60m IU/ml, cervical mucus is 3+ ferning , and the follicular diameter is more than 20mm.
Cervix Mucus↗
[Serum prolactin levels following abortion in normal and molar pregnancy].
The changes in serum specific hCG and prolactin levels were studied in 20 women after the evacuation of normal pregnancy at 5-10 weeks (group A) and 10 patients after the evacuation of molar pregnancy of 9-16 weeks (group B). The elimination of circulating hCG was faster in group A than in group B, and that in women after term delivery(group C)was faster than in both groups A and B. The half-life of the serum hCG level was 44.4 hrs in group A, 42.7hrs in group B, and 38.9hrs in group C, respectively. The mean level of serum prolactin in group A was 27.4ng/ml at 0 day, 64.5ng/ml at 4-7 days, and 31.9ng/ml at 13-15 days after evacuation, respectively. The surge was statistically significant. Though no regular tendency was found in the prolactin levels in group B, the levels were relatively higher than in group A and nonpregnant women. No correlation was found between hCG and prolactin levels in either group A or group B. The administration of drugs, such as methotrexate, did not affect the prolactin levels. On BBT, the resumption of ovulation tended to occur when the prolactin level, rather than the hCG level, returned to its normal range.
Abortion, Induced↗
[Classification of human oocyte maturity].
Maturity of human oocytes was classified into five grades according to the appearance of the oocyte and the cumulus oophorus (Grade I-V). The relation between this "Grade" of oocyte and the state of fertilization was investigated and the following results were obtained. The proportion of fertilized eggs cleaving in vitro was higher when oocytes graded I or II were collected than when oocytes graded III, IV or V were obtained (76% vs. 22%). When oocytes were aspirated from preovulatory follicles 26 hours after the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge 64% of them were Grade I or II. When oocytes were collected 36 hours after an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), 88% of them were Grade I or II. Therefore it seems that the times chosen for oocyte recovery were appropriate. There was no correlation between the "Grade" of oocyte and follicle diameter or volume of follicle fluid.
Embryo Transfer↗
[Sequential observation of human sperm penetration into zona pellucida-free hamster oocytes by scanning electron microscopy].
Yanagimachi et al. have shown that zona pellucida-free hamster oocytes can be penetrated by capacitated and acrosome-reacted human spermatozoa, and both pronuclei be formed. Recently, it has been said that this technique may be used to test the fertilizing ability of human sperm for clinical use. We have made scanning electron microscopic studies of the interaction of these heterologous gametes, especially the mechanisms of sperm entry into the oocytes. Our results are as follows: The surface of the oocyte is covered with numerous microvilli, which are found to be evenly and densely distributed on the vitellus surface. The surface of the first polar body already released is smooth and microvilli-free. Most spermatozoa lie flat on the vitellus surface, but a few are oriented perpendicularly to the vitellus surface. Most bound sperm had lost their acrosomal caps, because a ridge exists at the leading edge of the equatorial segment. Many microvilli are shown to participate in sperm-egg contact. Initially most microvilli appeared to grasp and immobilize the anterior tip of the sperm head. But as gamete interaction proceeded, microvilli were overlying the postacrosomal region, and observed adjacent to the plasma membrane of the postacrosomal region. The postacrosomal region is first incorporated into the ooplasma, the anterior tip of sperm head being the last portion to be incorporated. The microvilli of the oolenmal surface where sperm penetrated did not show major changes in size or appearance, and the so-called "incorporation cone" was not observed. Our scanning electron micrographs show that the microvillar portion of the oolenma greatly participates in this heterologous gamate interaction.
Animals↗
[Establishment and characterization of human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line].
Ascitic fluid was obtained from the patient of ovarian endometrioid cancer. Collected cells were incubated with Eagle's MEM containing 15% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C under humidified 5% CO2 and 95% air. The epithelial colonies grew rapidly and were released without fibroblast cells. After the first passage, the cells are growing without interruption for over one year and 35 transfer generations. This cell line has following charactors: 1) The monolayer cultured cells appeared epithelial, pavement like arrangement and piling up, without contact inhibition. 2) In the cytoplasma PAS positive substance can be seen. 3) Desmosome-like structure, gap junction, microvilli and well developed cell organelles can be found by electron microscopy. 4) Chromosomal number shows pseudodiploidy which mode is 47. A submetacentric chromosome was present in all karyotype and identified by G-banding. It consists of No. 11 and a part of No. 1. 5) By heterotransplantation to the nude athymic mouse, the tumor easily develops. 6) By estradiol and promegestone its growth was inhibited. 7) Estrogen and progesterone receptors were not detected in the cytosol.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors of rat mammary glands during pregnancy and puerperium.
The variation of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in the mammary gland during pregnancy and puerperium was studied to determine the role of estrogens in the mechanism of lactation. Cytosol estrogen receptors from rat mammary glands were incubated with 3H-estradiol, and the free estradiol was removed using dextran-coated charcoal. The maximum number of binding sites in the cytosol was estimated from saturation curves and Scatchard analysis. During pregnancy the number of binding sites was relatively low (2.5 to 3.8 pmoles per mg protein), but increased after delivery to 7.8 pmoles per mg protein. The number of estrogen binding sites in the mammary glands of lactating rats five days after delivery was at the same level as on the day of delivery. However, at ten days after delivery the number of binding sites increased markedly to 58.9 pmoles per protein. The number of estrogen-binding sites in the mammary glands of lactating rats was decreased by castration and by the injection of testosterone or 2-bromoergocriptine. There appeared no competition by testosterone, progesterone or cortisol with estrogen receptors in the mammary gland.
Animals↗
The variations of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, cAMP, ODC activity and RNA synthesis of deciduomata in pseudopregnant rats.
The present study was done to define the conditions of implantation of fertilized ovum from serial day-to-day changes in the tissue weight of deciduomata in pseudopregnancy, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), cAMP content, RNA synthesizing capacity and ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC). Pseudopregnancy was induced in Wistar rats in the estrus morning by vaginocervical stimulation. At the 4th day of pseudopregnancy deciduomata was induced by intraluminal instillation of olive oil with simultaneous oophorectomy and intramuscular injection of 20 mg progesterone depot (the day of induction of decidualization was arbitrarily expressed as D0 and the ensuing days, as D1, D2 and so on). The number of binding sites of ER and PR was estimated by exchange assay using dextran charcoal. cAMP content and RNA synthesizing capacity were determined by RIA and 3H-UTP uptake, respectively. ODC activity was measured by the method of Jänne and Williams-Ashman. Following the induction of deciduomata the uterus weight (unilateral) increased abruptly to 2-fold at D2 and approximately 30-fold (4.5 g) at D8 and declined thereafter. ER diminished in a linear fashion from 2.77 x 10(-10) M at D2 to 0.53 x 10(-10) M at D7. On the other hand, PR was estimated 2.9 x 10(-10) at D2. 2.5 x 10(-10) M at D5 and decreased further at D6 and D7, cAMP was 77 nmoles/mg protein at D2 and decreased rapidly from D3 onward. RNA synthesizing capacity declined in a linear fashion from D3 to 1/2 to D5 and 1/3 at D7. ODC was found 1.7 CO2 nmoles/mg protein at D2, decreased at D3 and D4, but remained nearly the same at D4 and D5.
Animals↗