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H Hoshiai

Publications and source records attributed to H Hoshiai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Laparoscopic studies of pelvic endometriosis in relation to sterility].

Six hundred and eighteen endometriosis patients out of 2,966 cases diagnosed with laparoscopy were statistically analyzed. The incidence of pelvic endometriosis was 28.3% of infertile cases, 47.2% of infertile cases of etiology unknown sterility, and 53.6% of cases of dysmenorrhea. Initial onset was most common in the sacrouterine ligament and the pouch of Douglas, followed by the ovaries. It was also seen in the vesicouterine pouch. The progress after the initial onset was considered to be due mainly to ovarian lesions, and the progressive rate appeared to be 0.3 point per month according to the R-AFS point system. Cases with stage 3 ovarian lesions were seen up to 7 years after menarche, and there were almost no cases of endometriosis 10 years after menopause. No differences in the average age were seen by stage of clinical progress or R-AFS, and the average age was around 31. The period of infertility showed no definite relation with the stage of the disease in cases of primary sterility, but stage 1 cases were common in patients with secondary sterility. The incidence of dysmenorrhea did not differ depending on the stage of the disease, but severe menstrual pain was common in stage 4 cases. The frequency associated with sterility did not differ in accordance with the stage. Severe pain at the time of endoscopy and induration of Douglas' pouch were common in stage 4 cases, but 31.9% of stage 4 cases showed no abnormal findings in pelvic examination. There was no significant difference between R-AFS points and the incidence of abnormal findings in HSG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of androgen on 17 beta-estradiol production by cultured human granulosa cells.

In order to determine whether androgen acts solely as a substrate for aromatization or whether it also influences on the activity of aromatase enzyme, human granulosa cells were incubated in vitro with or without androgen. Although basal production of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in cultured granulosa cells obtained from follicles about 26 hr after the initiation of the LH surge was restricted in small quantities, a marked increase in E2 production occurred in the presence of testosterone (T) (10(-6) M) as aromatizable substrate. The non-aromatizable androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M), slightly enhanced E2 production and it did not inhibit T aromatization in these cells. By contrast, DHT did not increase E2 production in granulosa cells obtained from follicles 2-5 days before the LH surge. The results indicate that androgen can enhance the estrogen biosynthesis of granulosa cells obtained from follicles during the LH surge not only by acting as a substrate for aromatization but also by participating in some process of the estrogen synthesis. This effect of androgen was not clearly seen in granulosa cells obtained before the LH surge, suggesting that the response of granulosa cells to exogenous androgen varies with the stage of the cell differentiation.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Fibronectin localization in the mouse embryo from the blastocyst stage to the egg cylinder stage in vitro.

Fibronectin has the characteristics of adhesiveness and cell migration promotion which may play important roles in embryo implantation. Using the direct and indirect immunofluorescence techniques, we found fibronectin on the blastocyst, and the trophoblast cells of the egg cylinder stage embryo, especially at the sites of cell spreading, as well as the inner cell mass. The results show that (i) fibronectin is used for the initial cell attachment to the plastic dish, and (ii) during the course of embryo growth in vitro, the trophoblast cells spread over the plastic dish in the area of cells which contain many granules of fibronectin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Fibronectin localization in the mouse embryo from the two cell stage to the morula stage.

Among the characters of fibronectin, the adhesiveness may play an important role in embryo implantation. It is concluded that, using the direct and indirect immunofluorescence techniques, fibronectin was not found on the zona pellucida, but on the embryo surface even from the two cell stage. The results imply that (i) fibronectin is not an initial differentiation marker for the stage of endoderm, which used to be postulated, (ii) the surface fibronectin which has been produced at least from the two cell stage is covered by the zona pellucida to mask its adhesiveness during the oviduct transport, and (iii) after hatching in the uterus cavity the surface fibronectin facilitates the embryo implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Improvement of mouse embryo development in vitro by prolactin.

Prolactin in the amniotic fluid is known to have an osmoregulatory function in the fetus, but little is known of the effects prolactin in the exudate from the endometrium acting directly on the early embryo. ICR female mice were stimulated with 6 IU of PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin) and 8 IU of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and mated with ICR males. Two-cell embryos through blastocysts were obtained for in vitro culture, to which prolactin was added at doses of 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 or 1000 ng/ml. The effects of different doses of prolactin were compared for the rates of blastocyst formation and hatching, and for the development of the embryo with regards to the stage of embryo from which the culture was launched. The results show that prolactin promotes development of the two-cell embryo at concentrations of 300 ng/ml and above, improving the rate of formation of the blastocyst and hatching stages. It also has positive effects on post-hatching blastocyst cultures, in terms of acceleration in development.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of androgen on 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone secretion by cultured human granulosa cells].

Human granulosa-luteal cells obtained from dominant preovulatory follicles at the time of oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization (about 10 h after the peak of the endogenous LH surge) produced large quantities of progesterone (P) (8.7 pg/cell/first 2 days) in a monolayer culture. Although basal production of estradiol (E2) in these granulosa-luteal cells was restricted to small quantities, a marked increase in E2 production occurred in the presence of testosterone (T) (10(-6) M) as aromatizable substrate. The non-aromatizable androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M) slightly enhanced E2 production in these granulosa-luteal cells and it did not inhibit T aromatization. In contrast, DHT did not increase E2 production in cultured granulosa cells obtained from follicles 2 approximately 5 days before the LH surge. Thus, the response of granulosa cells to exogenous androgen seems to vary at different stages of cell differentiation. Neither T nor DHT elicited significant changes in the production of P by granulosa-luteal cells obtained from preovulatory follicles during the LH surge. However, T (10(-6) M) suppressed hCG-stimulated P production in these cells. The results suggest that androgen enhances the estrogen biosynthesis of granulosa-luteal cells obtained from preovulatory follicles during the LH surge not only by acting as substrate for aromatization but also by participating in some process of estrogen synthesis. Further, it is suggested that androgen has a negative effect on P biosynthesis in these cells.

Androgens↗
PubMed1987

Monitoring follicular maturation through measurement of urinary estrogen excretion by latex agglutination inhibition reaction.

We evaluated the clinical utility of the MS 8601 kit, which is a new method of measurement of estrogens in urine. Changes in daily urinary estrogen excretion measured with the kit were highly correlated with that in daily serum E2. This kit was sensitive enough to detect the rises in estrogens in the follicular phase not only in women with normal menstrual cycle, but also in hMG-hCG treated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Establishment of mouse embryo culture system on collagen gel layer].

In order to study the morphological features of mouse embryos in the early developmental stage, we first established an in vitro culture system applying a collagen gel layer, and then observed the morphology of the embryos cultured in this system. Embryos after hatching were attached to the collagen gel layer and grew to the egg cylinder stage. By means of morphological analysis of embryos cultured for 3 or 4 days, some interesting characteristics, such as processes and villi of the mural trophoblast, lacunae formation in the mural trophoblast, steroid synthesis of the mural and polar trophoblasts and desmosome or intermediate junctions between the mural and the polar trophoblasts, were revealed. Moreover, no morphological difference was observed between cells derived from the inner cell mass. From those findings, it has been concluded that the established culture system is useful in observing the morphology of early embryonal development and also in maintaining the viability of the embryo.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on the relation between the classifications (including our private plan) and subsequent success in pregnancy in endometriosis].

The relationship between classifications (Beecham, Acosta, Sugimoto, AFS and private plan) and chances of subsequent gestation was studied on 26 patients with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis. The success in conception was judged one year after diagnosis or completion of subsequent Danazol administration. In our private plan, [A] blueberry spots, blood blebs, [B] chocolate cyst, [C] periadnexal adhesions ([C']: only less involved side was evaluated) and [D] Closing change in cul-de-sac, were designated targets of evaluation and each was divided into 4 grades. As a result, a significant difference between success and failure groups was noted in initial classification with Beecham, AFS [posterior cul-de-sac obliteration] and private plan [C'], and was also noted in post-treatment classification with AFS [posterior cul-de-sac obliteration] and private plan [D]. (2) Only in the success group, Danazol was recognized as effective in every classification, and the improvement in AFD[posterior cul-de-sac obliteration] and private plan [D] was considered to be contributory. The effects, however, on adnexal adhesive changes were not significant. (3) Whenever conception is attempted by medication, the adnexal condition of the less involved side may significantly influence the chances of subsequent pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of indomethacin, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha on hatching of mouse blastocysts.

The present study has been performed to investigate how PGs would participate the hatching process. Effects of indomethacin, an antagonist to PGs biosynthesis, on the hatching of mouse blastocysts were examined in vitro. Furthermore, it was studied that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) or 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were added to the culture media with indomethacin. The hatching was inhibited by indomethacin yet the inhibition was reversible. In the groups with indomethacin and PGE2, no improvement was seen in the inhibition of hatching and the inhibition was irreversible. In the groups with indomethacin and PGF2 alpha, inhibition of hatching was improved in comparison with the group with indomethacin. In the groups with indomethacin and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, no improvement was seen. The above results indicated that PGF2 alpha possibly had an accelerating effect on hatching and a high concentration of PGE2 would exert cytotoxic effect on blastocysts.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

Sperm-egg interactions observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Successful in vitro fertilization requires mature oocytes in which the first polar body has been extruded and capacitated sperm capable of penetrating the zona pellucida. In this study we made a time sequential observations on human sperm-egg interactions by SEM in two experimental systems. Human sperm-human zona pellucida interaction: Cytoplasmic processes of corona cell extend around sperm head. Spermatozoa took different angles in attaching or penetrating to the zona pellucida. The head of some spermatozoa bound to the zona were vesiculated, suggesting the progression of the acrosomal reaction. Initially, the anterior part of the sperm head penetrates from the pore of the zona pellucida. Human sperm-zona-free hamster egg interaction: Most spermatozoa lie flat on the vitellus surface covered with numerous microvilli, but a few are oriented perpendicular to the vitellus surface. Most bound sperm had lost their acrosomal caps, because a ridge exists at the leading edge of the equatorial segment. Initially most microvilli appeared to grasp and immobilize the anterior tip of the sperm head. But as gamete interaction proceeded, microvilli were overlying the postacrosomal region and were observed adjacent to the plasma membrane of the postacrosomal region. The postacrosomal region is first incorporated into the ooplasma, the anterior tip of sperm head being the last portion to be incorporated. The microvilli of the oolemmal surface where sperm penetrated did not show major changes in size or in appearance, and the so-called incorporation cone was not observed.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrastructural study of the intercellular junction and lanthanum penetration in the mouse blastocyst].

Cell junctions in mouse blastocyst were ultrastructurally investigated with or without lanthanum tracer. Tight junctions, gap junctions and desmosomes were observed in the trophectoderm. The tight junction was located near the zona pellucida in all trophoblast interspaces, whereas the gap junction and the desmosome, which were infrequently observed, were localized far from the zona pellucida. However, the desmosomes in the trophectoderm of the expanded blastocyst after culture increased in number and came to be located near the zona pellucida. The trophoblast layer excluded lanthanum whose invasion was interrupted by the tight junction. There were a few intermediate junctions in the interspace between the trophoblast and the inner cell mass cell as well as between the inner cell mass cells. These findings indicate that a substances whose molecular weight exceeds that of lanthanum (138.9) may not flow into the blastocyst through the intercellular space. Moreover, it is speculated that the intercellular connection is strengthened during the expansion of the blastocyst.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The effect of indomethacin on the implantation and metabolism of blastocysts].

The experiments were performed in order to reveal the role of prostaglandins in the implantation process, using indomethacin, a inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Indomethacin was administered to mice on various days of pregnancy, and then the number of implantation sites and the uterine weight per the number of implantation sites were determined on day 10 of pregnancy. Furthermore [3H]uridine incorporation of blastocysts incubated in the medium containing indomethacin with/without prostaglandin F2 alpha was evaluated in vitro. The results were as follows. Indomethacin reduced the number of implantation sites in the uterus and the uterine weight per the number of implantation sites (embryonal growth). Indomethacin inhibited the [3H]uridine incorporation of blastocysts, but prostaglandin F2 alpha counteracted the effect of indomethacin. These results suggested that prostaglandins play a role in inducing implantation and embryonal growth, and that blastocysts might synthesize prostaglandins.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The uptake of [3H]estradiol by mouse preimplantation embryos in vitro.

Mouse blastocysts collected on day 4 were cultured for 20 hours in media containing various concentrations of [3H]estradiol with/without 10(-6) M unlabelled estradiol. There was a significant reduction in the radioactivity of embryos cultured at 4 degrees C compared with that of embryos cultured at 37 degrees C. The radioactivity of embryos kept in the washing solution after washing was slight lower but showed no significant difference when it was compared with that of embryos not kept in this way. There was no significant difference between the radioactivity of embryos cultured in 2 X 10(-8) M [3H]estradiol and that of embryos cultured in 2 X 10(-8)M [3H]estradiol plus 10(-6)M non-labelled estradiol. Furthermore the radioactivity of embryos incubated in 2.5 X 10(-8)M [3H]estradiol is more than twice that of embryos incubated in 10(-8)M [3H]estradiol. These results demonstrate that preimplantation mouse embryos are capable of uptake and retaining of estrogen and that the mechanism of uptake is neither selective nor receptor mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of the addition of serum albumin on penetration of human spermatozoa into zona-free hamster eggs].

Since Yanagimachi et al. (1976) suggested that human spermatozoa were capable of penetrating into zona-free hamster eggs, this in vitro assay has been used to analyse the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa. Serum albumin is an important constituent of the medium used for the assay. However, a great variation in the rate of sperm penetration was observed in the use of different albumin preparations at different concentrations. Therefore we examined the effects of three different kinds of albumin preparations on the rate of human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs. The results obtained were as follows. The percentages of eggs being penetrated by spermatozoa from three fertile donors A,B, and C, were assessed. When Fraction V, Globulin Free and Fatty Acid Free albumin preparations were tested at a concentration of 3.5% (W/V) by the assay using sperm from donor A, penetration rates were 13.3%, 97.4%, and 8.7% respectively. Dilution of the albumin concentration to 0.3% considerably changed the penetration rates to 64.4%, 78.8% and 12.1% in that order. In cases B and C, penetration rates showed the same tendency as in case A. alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulin fractions contaminated in the Fraction V preparation possibly inhibit the human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs. An appropriate quantity of fatty acid is necessary for human spermatozoa to penetrate into zona-free hamster eggs, because penetration rates were low in the percentage of Fatty Acid Free albumin regardless of the concentration added. It is concluded that use of the same preparation of good quality is mandatory for human sperm penetration tests using zona-free hamster eggs to evaluate the results with reproducibility and accuracy.

Animals↗