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Biomedical subjects

H Hoffmann

Publications and source records attributed to H Hoffmann.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Endotoxin shock in the rat: reduction of arterial blood pressure fall by the bradykinin antagonist B4148.

The selective competitive bradykinin (BK) antagonist (B4148) produced significant inhibition of the hypotensive effect of BK in rats. Using a rat model of endotoxin shock, the fall in mean arterial blood pressure to an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli was significantly attenuated by the B4148 as compared to controls. These findings suggest that kinins are involved in the hypotensive response to endotoxin shock in rats. The development of potent BK antagonists offers a new experimental approach for evaluating the role of kinins in this and other disease states.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Doppler sonography in obstetric diagnosis: I: General physical and clinical principles].

The paper gives an overview of the application in obstetrics of Doppler-ultrasound for blood flow measurements. Both usual methods, the continuous-wave and the pulsed Doppler are compared, including the safety aspects of the investigation. The advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Doppler spectrum are discussed and the necessary terms as Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF), High Pass Filter (HPF), sample volume, aliasing and Doppler spectrum explained. The vessels of interest and the clinical importance they reflect are demonstrated. The importance of this new non-invasive mean in the assessment of utero-feto-placental haemodynamics is underlined.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

[Potential clinical application of Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics].

The measurement of fetal and maternal blood flow velocities by Doppler-ultrasound is the first noninvasive method of studying utero-feto-placental haemodynamics. The pulsed Doppler is used by many observers to diagnose variations in the tissue resistance in certain clinical situations. The Doppler-ultrasound get the main importance in cases of intrauterine growth retardation, pregnancy induced hypertension, pregnancies in combination with diabetes mellitus and in cases of intrauterine hypoxia. This paper gives an overview about the clinical range of Doppler-velocimetry-investigations.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

Attenuation of acute lung injury in septic guinea-pigs by a new xanthine derivative (HWA-138).

The protective effect of xanthines against E. coli-induced and cytokine-induced lung injury in guinea-pigs has been demonstrated recently. In the present study, the possible protective effects were examined of an analogue of pentoxifylline, HWA-138, a xanthine derivative, on lung injury in septic guinea-pigs. Three groups of animals were studied over a period of 8 hours: Group I animals--saline control injected intravenously with 3 ml 2% lysine/normal saline followed by a continuous lysine/saline infusion (1 ml/kg/hr); Group II--septic control injected intravenously with 2 x 10(9)/kg Escherichia coli followed by a continuous lysine/saline infusion (1 ml/kg/hr); and Group III--E. coli septicaemia plus HWA-138 continuous infusion (HWA-138 dissolved in lysine/saline) began with a bolus (10 mg/kg) followed by a HWA-138 continuous infusion (3 mg/kg/hr) started 60 minutes before injection of E. coli. Arterial blood pressure and white blood cell counts were monitored serially for 8 hours. Lung water (wet-to-dry ratio) and the concentration ratio of 125I-labelled albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue compared to plasma (125I-albumin BAL/plasma, 125I-albumin lung/plasma) were examined. Results demonstrated that an intravenous injection of E. coli caused an increased W/D ratio (p less than 0.01) and an increased 125I-albumin lung/plasma ratio (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the HWA-138-treated group did not demonstrate significantly increased W/D lung ratios (p less than 0.01) and 125I-albumin lung/plasma ratios (p less than 0.05). The data suggest a possible role for HWA-138 in attenuating sepsis-induced lung injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[The social dependence of the long-term patient--a study in social psychiatric ambulatory care].

56 mostly schizophrenic longterm patients of a community based outpatient facility were questioned about their autonomy referring to living, working and finances, to their dependence on parents, partners, relatives and professional helpers in accomplishing every-day tasks to their social contacts and to their contentment. Only 11% of the patients live with parents and 4% are financially dependent from them. Parents are only helping by accomplishing every-day tasks, when the patients are living with them. Even then patients accomplish more than half of their affairs by themselves. However there is a strong emotional tie on parents. Professional helpers, mostly working in halfway facilities, relieve relatives in a high degree. 36% of the patients live single and are very independent, they accomplish 82% of their affairs by themselves. 23% live with a partner, who helps probably not more than he would do with a healthy partner. 3/4 of the patients are content with their living conditions. Possible explanations are discussed. The investigated patients, mostly quite impaired, are altogether far more autonomous than expected. We think that this is due to a comprehensive social network of outpatient treatment and halfway facilities combined with a sufficient invalidity insurance. This network seems to lighten the burden of the relatives, mainly the parents, as demanded by the family-burden-literature.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Experiences in community social psychiatric ambulatory care].

In the first part of the article, the most important principles of action are described that determined the work done so far in the outpatient department of the Sociopsychiatric Clinic Berne. From this work the idea developed that psychiatric long-term patients would best be cared for by a care system divided into sectors and linked first of all to a community mental health centre. First experiences collected in a community health centre project in Berne are described. Details are given in respect of the location and arrangement of the available rooms and space. The central importance of the round table for the work of the medical and nursing staff with the patients, their families and the entire social environment is stressed. The authors try to explain their mode of working and their attitude on the examples of first contact with the patients and the handling of a crisis situation. It is the aim of this sociopsychiatric work to ensure maximum possible autonomy and self-responsibility of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Therapeutic effects of the combination of two proteinase inhibitors in endotoxin shock of the pig.

Thrombin activation is an important underlying pathomechanism for septic organ failure. The selective thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, reduces the endotoxin-induced fibrinogen consumption and thus the formation of fibrin monomer, as well as the pulmonary vasoconstriction in pigs at plasma concentrations of 70 to 100 nmol/l. PMN cell activation with subsequent release of digestive proteases is in part responsible for the loss of fluid and protein from the vascular compartment during septic shock. Administration of the inhibitor of PMN elastase, cathepsin G and mast cell chymase, eglin C, reduces the loss of intravascular protein during the first 4 hours of endotoxin shock at plasma concentrations in the range of 2 mumol/l.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Nephrotoxicity and myelotoxicity of antineoplastic Pt(II) and Pt(IV) coordination compounds in rats].

In comparison with cis-DDP four new platinum (II) and platinum (IV) complexes were evaluated for their acute nephrotoxic and myelotoxic potency in male rats following i.v. administration of maximum tolerated doses on 5 consecutive days. Parameters for nephrotoxicity determined on day 6, 13 and 22 after the first administration of the drugs included blood, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine volume, urinary glucose and tubule cell excretion. Parameters for myelotoxicity determined on the same days included leucocytes, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Cis-DDP was found to be the most nephrotoxic compound. The myelotoxicity of the new platinum complexes appeared to be similar to that of cis-DDP with exception of trans-ODDP.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Primary structures and catalytic properties of isoenzymes encoded by the two 4-coumarate: CoA ligase genes in parsley.

We have determined the primary structures of two 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) isoenzymes in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) by sequencing near full-length cDNAs corresponding to the two 4CL genes, Pc4CL-1 and Pc4CL-2, present in this plant. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic nucleotide sequences showed that each 4CL gene is organized in five exons separated by introns of varying lengths. The positions of introns are the same in both genes and 97-99% of the corresponding nucleotide sequences are identical. The two isoenzymes, which are nearly identical in their primary structures, were separated by ion-exchange chromatography, and were found to be indistinguishable with regard to substrate specificity. Assignment to Pc4CL-1 and Pc4CL-2 was achieved by comparison with catalytically active 4CL proteins, isolated from Escherichia coli cells which had been transformed with plasmids harboring the corresponding cDNAs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Ontogenetic differences in conditioning of an aversion to a gustatory CS with a peripheral US.

Rats 5, 10, or 15 days postnatal were given six pairings of an infused sucrose solution and footshock. Conditioned aversion to the sucrose solution was confirmed for the 5- and 10-day-old pups, but no conditioning was evident for the 15-day-old pups (Experiments 1 and 1A). In Experiment 2 the ventral portion of the rat's body was insulated from the shock source in order to isolate its effect on the feet and minimize visceral consequences of the shock. The sucrose-shock conditioning occurred as before. These results may have implications for the postnatal development of cue-consequence specificity, suggesting that such specificity may in part be learned. The present results also raise the possibility that sources of discomfort may be relatively undifferentiated in the perinatal rat.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Serum lipoprotein changes in female rats treated with progesterone or synthetic gestagens alone or in combination with estradiol. I. Total and fractionated cholesterol and lipoprotein pattern.

In adult female rats, the effects of progesterone (P), norethisterone acetate (NEA), levonorgestrel (LNG), dienogest (DEG) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) given alone at doses of 2.5 or 10 mg/kg p.o. or in combination with s.c. implanted estradiol (E2) on total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were investigated. Additionally, the lipoprotein pattern was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Synthetic gestagens derived from nortestosterone (NEA, LNG, DEG) lowered TC by reduction of HDL-C and LDL-C, whereas E2 induced an increase of these lipids. The decrease of HDL-C and LDL-C caused by the gestagens was also found in E2 pretreated rats. In contrast, the pregnane related CMA and P given alone did not diminish TC, HDL-C or LDL-C. But they partly reversed the enhancing effect of E2 on the HDL-C fraction following their simultaneous administration. The results suggest that the cholesterol lowering effects of gestagens are mediated rather via androgen than via progesterone receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Serum lipoprotein changes in female rats treated with progesterone or synthetic gestagens alone or in combination with estradiol. II. Serum triglycerides and hepatic triglyceride release.

The influence of progesterone (P) and synthetic gestagens given alone or in combination with estradiol (E2) on triglyceride (TG) concentration in serum of adult female rats was studied. Norethisterone acetate (NEA), levonorgestrel (LNG), dienogest (DEG), chlormadinone acetate (CMA) and P were administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for three times. E2 was given chronically by s.c. implants. Synthetic gestagens and P were without any effect on the TG serum concentrations but E2 elevated the TG level by 168%. This E2-induced TG increase was not reversed by synthetic gestagens or P given orally but only by P s.c. after combined treatment with E2 plus gestagens. In a second experiment the hepatic TG release into the blood was studied using the model of Triton WR-1339 induced hypertriglyceridemia. E2 as well as the synthetic gestagens stimulated the TG release while the natural P failed to produce this effect. Following treatment with E2 plus gestagens, the E2 stimulated TG release was not significantly influenced by the gestagens. It is concluded that both the hepatic TG release into and the TG removal from the circulation may be stimulated by gestagens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Attenuation of arterial blood pressure fall in endotoxin shock in the rat using the competitive bradykinin antagonist Lys-Lys-[Hyp2, Thi5,8, DPhe7]-Bk (B4148).

The selective competitive bradykinin (Bk) antagonist, B4148 (Lys-Lys-[Hyp2, Thi5,8, DPhe7]-Bk) infused at 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1 into rats produced a significant inhibition of the hypotensive effect of Bk and had no effect against acetylcholine-induced responses. In a rat model of endotoxin shock, the fall in mean arterial blood pressure in response to an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli was significantly attenuated by the same infusion of B4148 compared to controls. These findings suggest that kinins are involved in the hypotensive response to endotoxin shock in rats. The development of potent Bk antagonists offers a new experimental approach for evaluating the role of kinins in this and other disease states and potential therapy in such disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Determination of leukocyte elastase-inhibitor complexes and leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor by enzyme immunoassays. Leukocyte elastase-inhibitor complexes in porcine blood, III.

Sensitive enzyme immunoassays for the determination of total leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor and polymorphonuclear elastase-leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor complexes are described. The usable ranges of the standard curves were from 80 ng/l to 10 micrograms/l. The relative intra-assay coefficients of variation of the tests were between 2 and 4%, and the inter-assay coefficients of variation between 4 and 10%. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed with septic pigs and isolated leukocytes. The results show that leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor can be used in pigs as a parameter for the development of a septicaemia.

Animals↗