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Biomedical subjects

H Hoffmann

Publications and source records attributed to H Hoffmann.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fetal echocardiography. I: Methods, limitations and indications].

The prenatal detection of congenital heart disease is rather seldom, compared with other fetal malformations. The paper considers the necessity of the development of fetal echocardiography and presents therefore an introduction for the prenatal sonographer. The fetal cardiac characteristics are first analysed, before considering the possibilities and frontiers of the investigation. The different available sonographic methods like the real-time, M-mode, pulsed Doppler and color Doppler are discussed and the importance of each one is emphasized. The indications for fetal echocardiography are further enumerated, as well as the possible consequences resulting from the diagnosis of a heart abnormality. Because of the sophisticated ultrasound devices needed for a precise diagnosis as well as the optimal postnatal care, suspected fetuses have to be referred to centers specialised in perinatal medicine.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of a transitional group home for psychiatric patients during and after adolescence].

A report is given on a 6-year follow-up study of a project involving outpatient treatment of adolescents and young adults (16-21 years of age) coupled with group living following inpatient treatment for psychiatric disorders. During the period studied 45 of the 53 participants completed treatment. The mean duration of treatment was 46 weeks for both the group with and without psychotic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Prenatal diagnosis of a double outlet right ventricle (DORV) using *doppler echocardiography with subsequent observation of intrauterine heart failure].

Doppler echocardiography was used for the prenatal diagnosis of a double outlet right ventricle and coarctation of the aorta in the 30th week of pregnancy. Heart failure with intrauterine death was observed during blood flow measurements. End-diastolic loss of flow velocity in the umbilical artery and fetal aorta occurred first and was followed by total loss of flow in both vessels, although ineffective contractions of the heart were recorded for a further three minutes. We conclude that a lock of end-diastolic flow velocity in the aorta may not only be due to strong placental resistance but can also be caused by a heart defect of by impaired cardiac function. The four-chamber-view approach makes an accurate prenatal diagnosis of severe congenital heart defects possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Influence of age on antileukemic action, subacute toxicity and tissue distribution of ambazone in B6D2F1 mice.

The influence of age of experimental animals on the antileukemic activity, toxicity and distribution of ambazone, a new potential antineoplastic agent, was studied in 2- and 12-month-old B6D2F1 mice. The predominant effect observed was a significant reduction of the antileukemic action of this compound in old-aged mice. Together with a slight increase in several toxicity parameters this caused a marked reduction of the therapeutic index in 12-month-old mice compared to younger individuals. Furthermore, a general tendency to increased ambazone levels in liver, kidneys and thymus of old-aged mice was observed. Our data therefore provide further evidence that age has to be taken into consideration as one factor that may account for the variety of drug response frequently observed during clinical therapy with anticancer agents.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Influence of leukemia P388 on the pharmacokinetics of mitoguazone in B6D2F1 mice.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different stages of leukemia P388 on the pharmacokinetics of the antineoplastic agent mitoguazone in mice. It could be shown that, independent of the tumor stage investigated, the total clearance of mitoguazone is slightly reduced reflecting a moderate increase of AUC in the serum of leukemia-bearing animals. Furthermore, in an advanced tumor stage the drug levels in kidneys, liver, spleen and serum were found to be elevated to some extent in comparison to tumor-free controls in contrast to an earlier stage of leukemia. In conclusion, the tumor stage has to be considered as an important factor to which extent a neoplasia may alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs used for anticancer chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The hypotensive response to des-Arg9-bradykinin increases during E. coli septicemia in the pig.

The sensitivity to des-Arg9-bradykinin of the cardiovascular system was largely increased in piglets with E. coli bacteremia. However, the sensitivity to bradykinin was unchanged under the same condition. These findings indicate the appearance of the kinin B1-receptor in the systemic circulation of the pig during septicemia. Bradykinin induced responses suggest a stable effect mediated by the classical B2-receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Flowmetry of the fetal renal artery--a possibility for improving the assessment of fetal circulatory centralization].

The use of flowmetry of the foetal renal artery offers a diagnostic improvement by analysing intrauterine centralisation of the foetal circulation. We used the examination results of 82 pregnant women, who were in intensive prenatal care, to check the prediction of foetal distress using the flowmetry of the renal artery. In foetuses showing an increased flow resistance of the aorta and a pathological flow of the renal artery, the rate of caesarian section, necessitated by foetal distress, was 63.6%. By the forming of quotients from the pulsatility indices of the internal carotid artery and the aorta on the one hand, and the renal artery and the internal carotid artery on the other hand, it seems to be possible to get information about the severity of the centralisation of the foetal circulation by existence of an intrauterine hypoxia. The rate of the operative delivery as a consequence of a foetal distress rises from 6.6% with normal PI quotients to 83.4% if both quotients are outside the double standard deviation.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

[Prenatal diagnosis of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with subsequent development of a non-immunologic hydrops fetalis].

The premature closure of the ductus arteriosus (pcDA) due to maternal tocolysis with indomethacin in the 34th week of gestation was diagnosed in a twin pregnancy. The pcDA was detected using Doppler 24 hours before both fetuses developed pleural effusion. Pathologic waveforms in the fetal aorta with end-diastolic zero-flow were registered. A no-delay caesarean section with optimal neonatologic intensive care were successful for the survival of the neonates. The authors postulate, that the amount of pcDA as a cause of NIHF is higher than generally supposed. Furthermore a tocolysis with indomethacin should not be performed after the 34th week of gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Completed suicide in psychiatric inpatients and former inpatients. A comparative study.

A total of 49 psychiatric inpatient suicides were compared with 53 former psychiatric inpatients who had committed suicide within one year after their discharge. Significant differences were found in the diagnostic distribution of both groups, especially the predominance of schizophrenics among inpatient suicides, and of alcoholics and drug abusers among suicides of former inpatients. Furthermore, some other important differences between the groups emerged that bore practical implications. In different diagnostic groups suicide occurs for different reasons and based on different psychosocial backgrounds. In the investigation of suicide in psychiatric patients, homogeneity of the population studied in terms of patient status should be strived for.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prevention of interleukin 2-induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs by pentoxifylline.

We administered recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2) to guinea pigs to investigate whether IL-2 would cause acute lung injury. In addition, we examined the effects of pentoxifylline (PTXF) on IL-2-induced acute lung injury. Three groups of animals were studied over a period of 8 h. The saline control group was injected intravenously with 2 ml of pyrogen-free saline; the IL-2 group was injected intravenously with 4 X 10(6) U/kg recombinant IL-2; and the IL-2-PTXF group was injected with a 20-mg/kg bolus of PTXF followed by a continuous infusion (6 mg.kg-1.h-1) started 60 min before injection of 4 X 10(6) U/kg IL-2. Lung water (wet-to-dry lung weight ratio), the concentration ratios of 125I-albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue compared with plasma (125I-albumin BAL-to-plasma, 125I-albumin lung-to-plasma), and cell counts in BAL fluid were examined. An intravenous injection of IL-2 caused an increased lung water (P less than 0.01), an increased 125I-albumin lung-to-plasma ratio (P less than 0.05), and a significant increase in the absolute number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in BAL fluid compared with the saline control. In contrast, the PTXF-pretreated group did not demonstrate IL-2-induced acute lung injury (lung water, 125I-albumin lung-to-plasma) or increased accumulation of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the BAL. These data suggest a possible role for PTXF in attenuating the side effects of IL-2.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of proteinases with recombinant eglin C during experimental Escherichia coli septicemia in the pig.

Administration of the proteinase inhibitor eglin C reduces the symptoms of capillary leakage in a porcine model of septic shock. This was assessed by measurements of blood pressure, plasma protein concentration, hematocrit, and duration of urine production. Eglin C plasma levels around 1.2 microM resulted from a dose of 1.9 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 4 h and were therapeutically effective. A higher dose of eglin C (7.7 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 4 h) induced levels of approximately 5.6 microM in plasma and was not superior. This observation indicates that lysosomal proteases from neutrophils or degranulation of mast cells play a crucial role in the increase of capillary permeability during septicemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Acute and subacute toxicity of antineoplastic Pt(II) and Pt(IV) coordination compounds in laboratory rodents].

After single i.v. administration of cis-diammine-platinum(II)-lactate cis-diammine-platinum(II)-lactate, L cis-diammine-platinum(II)-dilactate trans-dihydroxy-cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum(IV), the LD50 values have been calculated to range between 80 and 130 mg/kg in mice, and between 22 and 45 mg/kg in rats. The LD50 of cis-DDP amounted to 17 mg/kg and 6.6 mg/kg, respectively. Likewise, the compounds have been found to be about 3 to 5 times less toxic than the standard cis-DDP when administered daily for 5 consecutive days. Since the kidneys, the bone marrow, the lymphatic tissue and the intestinal tract have been proved to be the main target organs, the profile of the toxic action of the Pt(II)-complexes seems to be similar to that of cis-DDP. Additionally, the Pt(IV) compound has been found to be toxic to the pancreas, the liver and the salivary glands. With regard to the antineoplastic activity the more soluble lactates of cis-DDP showed a smaller therapeutic index compared to cis-DDP.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Mitoguazone (methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone))--its status and prospects].

Because of its severe side effects, initial clinical trials of the antineoplastic compound mitoguazone (Methyl-GAG, M-G) were ceased in the middle of 1960s. One decade later pharmacokinetically guided dose schedules as well as new experimental data on the antiproliferative mechanism of action stimulated new clinical studies. First results indicated that M-G had single-agent activity against various tumors such as acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma connected with acceptable tolerance. M-G seems to be effective especially in combination with other antineoplastic drugs. Its final evaluation may be reserved to further randomized trials. Recently, the psoriasis vulgaris is expected to be an additional field of the application of M-G. In this minireview data on synthesis, preclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, biochemical effects and toxicology of M-G are given. Furthermore, clinical findings on M-G concerning its pharmacokinetic behaviour, antitumor and antipsoriatic activities are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The exact prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of the kidneys and efferent urinary system--a possibility for further decreasing perinatal morbidity and mortality].

Early detection of fetal malformations has become possible owing to the availability of highly advanced ultrasound systems. Majority of malformations, 30 per cent, has been recordable from urinary system. This system is early of access for the examiner, so that even sophisticated diagnosis of malformation is possible. High accuracy diagnosis has been increasingly helpful in forecasting pregnancy prognosis. Hence, with adequate perinatological management, it will be possible to influence on perinatal morbidity and mortality positively. 70 fetuses with malformations of kidneys and to urinary system have been observed in the context of this study. An assessment was made of diagnostic efficiency, postpartum development and long-range prognosis. Recommendations are derived from the above mentioned findings for perinatological approach in cases of diagnosed malformations of kidneys and the other urinary system.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗