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Biomedical subjects

H Haga

Publications and source records attributed to H Haga.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of dietary magnesium supplementation on diurnal variations of blood pressure and plasma Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in essential hypertension.

To evaluate the antihypertensive and hormonal effects of oral magnesium supplementation, 17 inpatients with untreated, uncomplicated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (EH) and 8 age-matched normotensive controls (controls) were given MgO orally 3 times a day at a daily dose of 1.0 g (0.6 g per day as Mg) for a period of 2 weeks. Supplementation of MgO elicited a significant fall in averaged mean blood pressure calculated with a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system (MBP) in EH from a baseline value of 104.3 +/- 12.2 to 99.5 +/- 11.6 mmHg (p < 0.05), while controls remained unaltered from a baseline value of 85.1 +/- 11.5 to 84.5 +/- 13.3 mmHg. The percentage reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were similar during daytime and nighttime in EH. According to the extent of reduction in MBP with magnesium supplementation, EH patients were divided into 2 groups, responder and nonresponder. The level of plasma renin activity (PRA) in the responder group was significantly higher than that of the nonresponder group (p < 0.05). After 2 weeks of magnesium supplementation, the plasma level of Na+, K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity (PATPI), defined as equivalency to ouabain, was reduced significantly from 0.75 +/- 0.54 to 0.40 +/- 0.30 mumol ouabain/ml (p < 0.05) in the responder group, while it remained unaltered in controls and the nonresponder group. PRA, plasma aldosterone concentration, urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion, and urinary sodium excretion did not change significantly in either control subjects or EH (responder and nonresponder groups). A significant negative correlation existed between the pretreatment PRA and changes in MBP after magnesium supplementation in EH (r = -0.65, p < 0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation between changes in PATPI and changes in MBP as a whole (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). These results support the view that oral magnesium supplementation is a useful approach to treatment of patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension, especially those with high plasmas renin activity. It appears that magnesium suppresses circulating Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity to attenuate vascular tone, and thereby reduces blood pressure in EH.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of manidipine in hypertensive patients with renal disorders.

Hypertension is an important factor that accelerates deterioration in renal function. This study evaluated the antihypertensive effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of manidipine hydrochloride, a new dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist. Sixteen patients (10 men and 6 women) with hypertension and renal disorders received 10 or 20 mg of manidipine once daily for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of therapy, manidipine treatment produced significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures to 146.9 +/- 3.2/87.1 +/- 2.1 mmHg from a baseline value of 174.4 +/- 3.0/98.4 +/- 3.0 mmHg. The antihypertensive effect was well tolerated and sustained during drug administration. Biochemical variables including serum creatinine were essentially unchanged during therapy despite the marked reduction in blood pressure. In addition, renal function did not deteriorate during manidipine therapy as assessed by urinary excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein (22.6 +/- 4.0% vs. 27.9 +/- 6.0%, control). No severe adverse effects were encountered during therapy. We conclude that manidipine is a safe and useful antihypertensive agent for the management of hypertensive patients with renal disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Longitudinal changes of serum albumin in elderly people living in the community.

The relationship of serum albumin at baseline to mortality, and longitudinal changes of serum albumin were investigated in a 10-year longitudinal study of 421 (197 men, 224 women) community residents aged 69-71. The 10-year survival rate was the lowest in the first quartile of serum albumin at baseline, followed by the second quartile, and third and fourth quartiles (p less than 0.05). In both sexes, 10-year survival curves did not differ between the group with diseases or disabilities at baseline or over time and the group without them.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Direct proof for local generation and release of angiotensin II in peripheral human vascular tissue.

Previously we reported that immunoreactive angiotensin II (Ang II) release from isolated perfused human umbilical veins was inhibited by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. To further investigate the mechanism by which Ang II is generated in the blood vessels of humans, we examined the effects of various inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (captopril, delapril, N-acetyl-pepstatin, and human renin inhibitor KRI-1314) on Ang II release from perfused human umbilical cord veins in vitro. Isolated human umbilical veins were perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution, and immunoreactive Ang II released into the perfusate was measured directly by using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge connected to the perfusion system. Both captopril and delapril diacid (10(-9) to 5 x 10(-6) mol/L), an active metabolite of delapril hydrochloride, suppressed the Ang II release in a dose-dependent fashion; the maximal percent suppression of Ang II release evoked by these inhibitors (5 x 10(-6) mol/L) was 56% and 64%, respectively, for captopril and delapril. Both N-acetyl-pepstatin (10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L) and KRI-1314 (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/L) suppressed Ang II release in a dose-related manner. At a 10(-6) mol/L concentration, KRI-1314 produced a 74% reduction in the basal rate of Ang II release, and a reduction threefold greater than the maximal reduction in basal Ang II release produced by N-acetyl-pepstatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic significance of long ventricular pauses in athletes.

The long-term prognosis of athletes with long ventricular pauses has been unknown. In this study, thirty highly-trained cross-country skiers and 24 age-matched controls underwent 24 h Holter monitoring to detect the duration of the longest ventricular pause (LVP), and we followed the athletes for more than 3 years to evaluate prognostic significance of prolonged LVP. The LVPs of the athletes averaged 2.2 +/- 0.6 sec (range 1.3-3.4), which were significantly longer than those, 1.6 +/- 0.3 sec, of the controls. In the athletes, 20 cases (66.7%) had LVPs more than 2 sec, and 5 (16.7%) showed LVPs longer than 3 sec. During 3 years follow-up, no athletes had symptoms of near syncope, syncope or death under continued heavy training. Our study suggested that athlete with prolonged ventricular pause, even of 3 sec or more, did not have a different clinical risk than those without long pauses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Relationship of self-rated health to mortality among the community elderly].

The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship of self-rated health to mortality. Subjects consisted of 1096 elderly (471 men, 625 women) aged 65 years and over in 1983, living in the town of Yuwa in Akita Prefecture. They were followed to determine survivorship status and relocation for 7 years after the baseline survey in 1983. The relationship of self-rated health to mortality was tested using a logistic model. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Poor self-rated health was significantly related to higher mortality in a graded fashion by univariate analyses. (2) The significant relationship of self-rated health to mortality was still observed after controlling for sex, age, education, drinking, smoking, physician visits, history of stroke, and activities of daily living. (3) The contribution of self-rated health to mortality differed by sex, age group (65-74, 75-), and period of follow-up (early, late). The contribution was greater in men, aged 75 and over, and during the latter part of the follow up.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The relationship of chewing ability to nutrient and food intakes in the community elderly].

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship of chewing ability to nutrient and food intakes in the community elderly. Subjects consisted of 145 elderly residents (56 males, 89 females) ranging in age from 65 to 79 years, living at home in a village of Okinawa Prefecture. Chewing ability was divided into two categories: being able to chew ordinary foods was defined as "good", and being able to chew only soft foods as "bad". To determine quantitative food intakes 24-hour dietary records were utilized which were confirmed by nutritionists during interviews. Good chewing ability was found in 82.1% for males and 83.1% for females with no statistically significant difference concerning age or sex. Teeth status was significantly related to chewing ability. For both males and females, protein intake was lower in the group with bad chewing ability than in the good group. Only in males intakes of total energy, fats, Ca, and Fe were lower in the group with bad chewing ability. Concerning food items, intakes of dark green and yellow vegetables and fat in males, and intake of rice in females, were lower in the group with bad chewing ability.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Incidence of and circumstances related to falls among the elderly in a Japanese community].

In order to determine incidence of and the circumstances related to falls among the elderly in a community in Japan, general health surveys were carried out in 1988 and in 1989. Subjects for the first survey were 685 elderly residents (276 men, 409 women) aged 65 years and over, living in a rural village of Akita Prefecture. Subjects who were confined to bed almost all day were excluded from analysis. Subjects were interviewed regarding falls at both surveys. Results obtained were as follows; 1) Incidence of falls were 19.2% for men, and 20.3% for women at the first survey. There was no significant difference in incidence between sexes. 2) Age had no significant effect on incidence in either sex. 3) The incidence at the follow-up survey was significantly higher among those who had reported falls at the first survey than in those who had not (relative risk; men; 2.71, women 2.40, p less than 0.05). 4) Most falls occurred during the daytime in either sex, with approximately 90% of falls for men and 60% of falls for women occurring outdoors. The cause of falls was mainly extrinsic. Compared to men, falls of women had a greater tendency to lead to major injury.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1991

Effect of aging on endothelin-induced prostaglandin I2 release in isolated hind legs of the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

We evaluated the effect of aging on spontaneous release of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2; measured as 6-keto-PGF1a) as well as on endothelin-induced release of PGI2 from isolated hind legs perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution in 5-week-old, 10-week-old and 40-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and age-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The spontaneous release of PGI2 was stable up to 40 minutes for both strains. The amount of the spontaneous release of PGI2 tended to fall with advancing age in WKY, while it remained unchanged in SHR. Porcine endothelin-1 (pET-1) added to the perfusion medium (2 x 10(-12)-2 x 10(-10) M) increased PGI2 release in a dose-dependent fashion in both strains regardless of age. However, the maximal increase of PGI2 release evoked by endothelin (2 x 10(-10) M) was significantly greater in 40-week-old SHR compared with age-matched WKY. These results not only suggest that there exists a much greater reservoir of vascular PGI2 synthesis in SHR, but also imply that the enhanced release of PGI2 in response to endothelin, the most potent vasoconstrictor known, may function as a factor or a modulator to attenuate endothelin-induced vasoconstriction in senescent SHR.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

[Study on flomoxef in the perinatal period].

The placental passage and the the therapeutic efficacy of flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) were studied in patients in the perinatal period. A summary of the obtained results is as follows: 1. Concentrations of FMOX in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid obtained upon one-shot intravenous injections to 12 patients were compared with those obtained upon 1 hour drip infusions to 9 patients. It was found that the former means of administration gave higher concentrations that the latter. 2. Concentrations of FMOX in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid at 1 to 6 hours after administration through either method were all higher than MIC80's of recognized bacteria. 3. Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 10 patients with puerperal intrauterine infection, 7 patients with endometritis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis and 1 patient each with endo-cervicitis, amniotic fluid infection, mastitis and perineal wound infection. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 5 patients (21.7%), good in 17 patients (73.9%) and poor in 1 patient (4.4%), thus the overall efficacy rate was 95.7%. 4. Eradication of causative bacteria were obtained in all 8 cases tested, hence the eradication rate was 100%. 5. Mild diarrhea in 1 patient was the only side effect observed. No abnormal clinical laboratory test results were found in any patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Release of endothelin from isolated perfused human umbilical vein. I: Effect of ionomycin].

Endothelin-like immunoreactivity (ET-LI) was directly measured in the perfusate from the isolated human umbilical vein perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution. The identity of the immunoreactive peptide was confirmed as ET-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of release of ET-LI was 86.7 +/- 25.9 (SE) fmol during the first perfusion period of 30 min, and it remained stable at least for 4 hours. Calcium ionophore ionomycin, added to the perfusion medium (10(-7)-10(-6) M), stimulated the ET-LI release in a dose-dependent fashion; it increased the rate of release by 29.1% and 143.4% over the control at the concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) M, respectively. These results taken together with previous observations of synthesis of ET in cultured vascular endothelium provide direct evidence for local generation and subsequent release of ET from vascular beds of human beings.

Calcium↗
PubMed1991

A case of glomerulocystic kidney disease associated with hypothyroidism in man.

Glomerulocystic kidney (GCK), a rare disease mostly seen in infants and small children, is characterized by dilatation of Bowman's space. We report about a 32-year-old Japanese male with GCK. Although radiologic studies including computed tomography of the kidneys failed to show cysts in the corticomedullary regions, renal biopsy specimens revealed diffuse glomerular cystic lesions. Extrarenal malformations were not determined, but the patient was found to have hypothyroidism presumably due to a functional disorder of the hypothalamus (tertiary hypothyroidism). This is probably the fifth documented case of the disease in an adult. To our best knowledge, the association with hypothyroidism is rare. Although its pathogenic relevance to GCK is unknown, the endocrine dysfunction seems to have occurred as part of the extrarenal conditions of GCK, which calls further attention to this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of cGMP and dopamine receptor on the natriuretic and hypotensive activities of synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential hypertension].

This study was undertaken to clarify the role of dopamine receptor (DA2) on the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) on blood pressure, plasma and urinary cyclic GMP, and urinary sodium excretion, alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) was intravenously administrated to 7 normal subjects and 14 patients with essential hypertension as follows: first a dose of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then 0.03 micrograms/kg/min with or without metoclopramide(MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of the 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP, systolic blood pressure fell from 115 +/- 17 mmHg to 109 +/- 15 mmHg in normal subjects, and fell significantly from 163 +/- 33 mmHg to 145 +/- 26 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension. Diastolic blood pressure fell from 101 +/- 14 mmHg to 92 +/- 7 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension but did not change in normal subjects. A dose of 0.03 micrograms/kg/min of alpha-hANP led to a threefold rise in urine volume and twofold rise in urinary sodium excretion in normal subjects, and a fivefold rise in urine volume and fourfold rise in urinary sodium excretion in patients with essential hypertension. However, there was no relationship between the hypotensive and natriuretic effects of alpha-hANP in either normal subjects or patients with essential hypertensions. The infusion of a 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP increased plasma cyclic GMP concentration from 4.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/ml to 34.3 +/- 25.Opmol/ml in normal subjects and from 4.5 +/- 2.6 pmol/ml to 20.3 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml in patients with essential hypertension. The rise in plasma cyclic GMP by alpha-hANP was suppressed by MC both in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. Urinary cyclic GMP excretion also increased during the infusion of alpha-hANP, but this effect was not suppressed by MC. Furthermore, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), which was depressed by alpha-hANP in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension, was increased by MC. These results suggest that the hypotensive effect of alpha-hANP may depend not only on the natriuretic effect, but also on vasodilatation, the inhibition of aldosterone production or the suppression of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. Cyclic GMP may be produced through the DA2 receptor in vascular tissue but not in the kidney.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1990

[Chewing ability in relation to physical health status].

The purpose of the present study is to explore relationship of chewing ability to physical health status in the elderly. Subjects were 722 community elderly adults aged 65 years and over (participation rate 88.6%). They were divided into 2 groups according to chewing ability as rated by a questionnaire: good and bad. Results obtained were as follows; 1. Those who had good ability of chewing accounted for 86% of the subjects. The chewing ability was determined by dental status. Those with more natural teeth were better able to chew. 2. Multiple regression analyses controlled by age and sex showed that good chewing ability had significantly positive effect on weight, body mass and length of time for standing on one leg with eyes open.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Low-dose endothelin stimulates release of prostaglandin I2 from isolated perfused hind legs in the rat.

A direct measurement of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a (6-keto-PGF1a), a stable metabolite of prostaglandin I2, was made in the perfusate from isolated rat hind legs perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution. The rate of release of 6-keto-PGF1a was 5.28 +/- 0.24 ng during the first perfusion period of two min, and it remained stable at least for 40 min. The biological integrity of the preparation was confirmed by inhibition (52%) of 6-keto-PGF1a release by indomethacin (5 X 10(-5) M) in the perfusion medium. Low-dose infusion (5, 10, and 20 pM, for 10 min each) of endothelin (ET) elicited small but significant increment in the release of 6-keto-PGF1a in a dose-dependent fashion; the maximal per cent increase of 6-keto-PGF1a release evoked by ET (20 pM) was approximately +40% over the basal rate. These results taken together with the previous observations of synthesis of ET in the vascular tissue suggest an intriguing relationship between vasoconstrictive ET and vasodilatory prostaglandins in the local control of vascular tone.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1990

[Bedridden period before death (BPbd) and factors relating to it in a rural community in Yamagata Prefecture].

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 'Bedridden period before death (BPbd)' and factors relating to it in a community. In the period from January 1986 through December 1988, 352 persons aged 40 years and over were recorded as having died in a rural town with a population of 13,000 in Yamagata Prefecture. The care-givers of 312 subjects (88.6%) were interviewed regarding the BPbd, and demographic, medical, social and familial factors were also investigated. Results obtained are as follows; 1) Subjects who had more than six months BPbd were more frequent in females than in males. 2) Neither age of death nor age of the bedridden had any significant relationship to BPbd in either sex. 3) Positive significant factors relating to BPbd were, occupation (male), history of cerebrovascular diseases (both sexes), care-giver knowledge of health or social services in the town (both sexes) and the presence of pressure sores (both sexes). 4) About half of the subjects had less than two weeks BPbd, though less than 20% of the subjects had more than six months BPbd. This result agreed with that of the national report, "TSUI-NO MITORI CHOSA", where subjects ranged in age from 70 to 85. These results indicate that in the study community most of the adults, including the elderly, have a fairly short BPbd.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluations on aztreonam in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology. A study of aztreonam in the perinatal co-research group].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on an injectable monobactam antibiotic aztreonam (AZT), were carried out in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic study (1) Upon one-shot intravenous injection of AZT 1 g before delivery, maternal serum concentration of AZT was 89.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the injection and a half-life (T 1/2) of 0.96 hour was observed. Umbilical-cord serum concentration showed a peak value of 16.5 micrograms/ml at 1.26 hours after the injection and gradually decreased with a T 1/2 of 1.91 hours. The transfer into amniotic fluid was observed and the peak value of AZT in amniotic fluid reached 12.9 micrograms/ml at 5.57 hours after the injection and slowly decreased thereafter with a T 1/2 of 4.42 hours. Transfer and disappearance in one-shot 2 g intravenous injection and 1 g intravenous drip infusion (1 hour) of AZT were very similar to the results obtained with the one-shot 1 g intravenous injection. (2) The residual serum concentration in neonates after one-shot 1 g intravenous injection of AZT to the mother was almost below the detectable limit. Transfer of AZT into milk was scarcely recognized. 2. Clinical studies (1) AZT was injected to 47 cases with various perinatal infections and it was more than "effective" in 45 cases with an efficacy rate of 95.7%. Also, all the 12 cases to which AZT was administered for prophylaxis of infections showed prophylactic effect. Bacterial eradication was obtained with 25 strains out of 29 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, but 1 strain "persisted" and for 3 strains results were "unknown", hence an eradication rate of 96.2% was obtained. However, AZT treatment resulted in a little lower eradication rate against Gram-positive bacteria. (2) One case (1.3%) of minor degree of urticaria was found as a side effect, and one case each of eosinophilia and elevation of GOT, GPT and Al-P was observed as abnormal laboratory value. From the above results of pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation, it has been concluded that AZT is a useful and highly safe drug in various perinatal infections and prophylaxis.

Adult↗