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Biomedical subjects

H Haga

Publications and source records attributed to H Haga.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam in perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out on aztreonam (AZT), a monobactam antibiotic with a high activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Following 2 g bolus intravenous injection, transfers of AZT to umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid were found to be satisfactory. AZT level in amniotic fluid was higher than 1 micrograms/ml at 40 minutes after administration and it was at 3.7 micrograms/ml in 23.5 hours. 2. In the treatment of 9 patients with perinatal infections, clinical efficacies of AZT were judged excellent in 3 cases and good in 6 cases. 3. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings due to the drug were observed in any case. These results indicate that AZT may be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of perinatal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The role of Na+-K+ ATPase activity on blood pressure regulation and sodium metabolism in DOCA-treated rats].

In this study, we attempt to clarify the role of sodium-potassium adenosine 5'-triphosphatase (N+-K+ ATPase) on the regulation of systemic blood pressure and renal sodium metabolism. Male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into four groups: 1) controls (n=5), 2) sodium loading rats (NaCl group, n=5), 3) deoxycorticosterone (DOCA group, n=5) injected rats with intact kidneys (DOCA group, n=5), 4) DOCA and ouabain-injected rats with intact kidneys (ouabain groups) and raised for six weeks. The changes in urine volume and urinary sodium were determined, and urinary excretions of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine were measured in week six. Then blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava, and plasma cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) concentration were measured. At the time of sacrifice, systolic blood pressure of the ouabain group (157.3 +/- 24.8 mmHg) was significantly higher than the control group (124.5 +/- 6.9 mmHg) (p less than 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between the control group, NaCl group (123.7 +/- 7.0 mmHg), and DOCA group (128.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg). Urine volume and sodium excretion in the NaCl, DOCA and ouabain groups all increased, but the natriuretic response in the NaCl group was smaller than in either the DOCA and ouabain groups. Urinary NE in the NaCl, DOCA and ouabain groups was 1396 +/- 1025 ng/day, 640 +/- 351 ng/day, 607 +/- 177 ng/day, respectively, and NE excretions in these groups were higher than in the control group (138 +/- 104 ng/day). Urinary E in the NaCl group was higher than in the control group, but there were no significant differences among the control, DOCA and ouabain groups. Urinary dopamine in the NaCl (5723 +/- 2028 ng/day), DOCA (7661 +/- 5992 ng/day) and ouabain (4077 +/- 1984 ng/day) groups was higher than in the control group (2081 +/- 483 ng/day). Plasma cAMP in the DOCA and ouabain groups was slightly higher than in the control group, while no significant differences in plasma cAMP between the control and NaCl groups were observed. Plasma cGMP in the DOCA group was slightly higher than in either of the other three groups. These results suggest that Na+-K+ ATPase may play an important role in the maintenance of blood pressure through sodium efflux and that ouabain, Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, may change the renal sodium excretion and vascular responsiveness to endogenous pressor substances, leading to higher blood pressure after the administration of sodium and mineralocorticoid.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Increased plasma and urinary Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitory activity and elevated blood pressure in metoclopramide-treated rats].

Our recent studies demonstrated that dopaminergic receptor may play an important role in controlling blood pressure and renal sodium handling. This study was designed to investigate whether endogenous Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitors are related to changes in blood pressure and sodium balance, caused by the administration of metoclopramide (MC), a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, and sodium loading. Young male Wistar rats (250 approximately 300 g) were raised under three different conditions, control (control group), 1% NaCl loading (NaCl group) and 1% NaCl plus 1.5 mg/kg/day of metoclopramide (MC group) for 7 days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary and plasma Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitory activity (ATPI), urinary sodium, potassium and catecholamine excretions were measured. SBP in the MC group elevated from 116 +/- 2 mmHg to 134 +/- 4 mmHg, but there were no changes in SBP in the control and NaCl groups. Urine volume and urinary sodium excretion significantly increased in not only the NaCl group but also in the MC group. Plasma ATPI in both the NaCl and MC groups was higher than in the control group (p less than 0.001), and the level of ATPI in the MC group was significantly higher than in the NaCl group (p less than 0.05). Urinary ATPI in the control group was not detected after 7 days, but that in the NaCl and MC groups was clearly increased. The excretions of urinary catecholamines remained unchanged in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Determination of polyol profiles in human urine by capillary gas chromatography.

A new rapid capillary gas chromatographic method is described for the profile analysis of urinary polyols as their trifluoroacetyl derivatives. Ten urinary polyols: erythritol, threitol, fucitol, ribitol, arabinitol, xylitol, mannitol, glucitol, galactitol and myo-inositol were completely determined for the first time. Iditol was newly found in normal urine. Urinary polyols were verified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Mortality in relation to instrumental activities of daily living: one-year follow-up in a Japanese urban community.

One-year mortality among 7,573 elderly residents living in an urban Japanese community was observed in relation to disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Disability in IADL was assessed for seven items of activity, including using public transportation, using the telephone, and shopping. When the effects of age were controlled, the mortality rate was significantly higher in disabled than in nondisabled persons for all seven items for both males and females.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

A new platelet-specific antigen, Naka, involved in the refractoriness of HLA-matched platelet transfusion.

Serum from a thrombocytopenic patient who was refractory to the transfusions of HLA-matched platelets contained a platelet-specific alloantibody, anti-Naka. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the Naka antigen defined by the serum was expressed exclusively on platelets and its distribution was different from P1A1, Baka, Yuka or Yukb. Analysis by Dr. von dem Borne's group revealed the Naka was also different from Koa, Kob or Zwb. Family studies showed that the Naka antigen was inherited as an autosomal codominant trait. Its antigen frequency in the Japanese population was over 97%. The results of the enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for antigen immobilization showed that the Naka epitope did not appear to reside on GPIIb/IIIa or Ib. The transfusions of Naka-compatible platelets improved the patient's thrombocytopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living among elderly Japanese.

The prevalence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was assessed for seven items of activity -- among them, using public transportation, using the telephone, and shopping -- in 7,735 elderly residents living in an urban Japanese community. The prevalence of disability generally was low (ranging from 6.1% in heating water to 15.9% in preparing meals), but increased significantly with age. The prevalence was higher, controlling by age, in females than in males, with the exception of preparing meals.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Study group of cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecological infections].

A multi-center open study was conducted to investigate cefuzonam (CZON, L-105) regarding to its pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical aspects in the field of obstetrics and gynecology with the participation of 31 medical institutions and the related facilities. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Peak MICs of CZON for Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase (-) staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis group, Peptostreptococcus spp. isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections with relatively high frequencies were 0.39, 0.20, 0.024, 0.024-0.05, 12.5, 0.20 microgram/ml, respectively, with an inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml. 2. When 1 g of CZON was given through bolus injection, the maximum concentration (Cmax) of CZON in pelvic dead space exudate was 18.7 micrograms/ml at 60.9 minutes (Tmax) after the injection; Cmax's in all female genital tissues were observed at 0.6-27.9 minutes and ranged from 11.9-26.3 micrograms/g. The Cmax 8.3 micrograms/ml, in the pelvic dead space exudate was noted at 97.0 minutes after the end of the intravenous drip infusion of 1 g over 1 hour, and Cmax's in genital tissues were 14.3-30.0 micrograms/g at the end of infusion. With 1 hour drip infusion of 2 g, Cmax's in genital tissues were 35.0-53.9 micrograms/g at the end of infusion. 3. The clinical efficacy of CZON was evaluated in 206 evaluable patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. Efficacy rates classified by types of infections were 97.1% (67/69) for intrauterine infections, 81.6% (31/38) for intrapelvic infections, 91.8% (45/49) for adnexitis, 95.2% (20/21) for infections of the external genital organs and 86.2% (25/29) for other infections. 4. Side effects were observed in 7 of the 262 patients: eruption in 6 cases, itching in 2, diarrhea in 1. Abnormal laboratory test values were noted in 9 of the 256 patients. Most of them were slight elevation of hepatic function values. CZON showed satisfactory clinical efficacy and potent antibacterial activity, hence it appears that CZON will be a very useful antibiotic for obstetric and gynecologic infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

[Basic and clinical studies on ceftriaxone in perinatal infections].

Basic and clinical investigations were conducted on ceftriaxone (CTRX), a cephem antibiotic with a wide antibacterial spectrum and with especially high activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. CTRX, following intravenous drip infusion of 1 g, had a serum half-life of 5.8 hours, which is longer than that of any other existing cephem antibiotics. 2. The level of CTRX in the umbilical cord serum 6 hours after intravenous drip infusion of 1 g was at a satisfactory level, 15 micrograms/ml. 3. The CTRX was remarkably effective or effective in 9 cases, and the activity was high even in cases where penicillin or other third-generation cephems were ineffective. These results seem to indicate that CTRX may be effective in perinatal and intrauterine fetal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum total and HDL cholesterols according to reproductive status in Japanese females.

In order to observe variations according to reproductive status, serum total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were investigated in 153 pregnant, in 153 age-adjusted non-pregnant females, in 787 females aged 45-54 years living in a northern suburb of Tokyo, and in 150 12-year-old girls from a private junior high school in a southern suburb of Tokyo. Non-menstruating (non-menarcheal, postmenopausal) females had significantly higher TC and significantly lower HDL-C/TC than menstruating (menarcheal, premenopausal) females did in both the age groups of 12 and 45-54 years, although no significant difference of HDL-C was found between them. The menstruating females tended to be more overweight in Quetelet's index and had thicker skinfolds. Pregnant females at the eighth month of gestation revealed a significantly high value of both TC and HDL-C vs age-adjusted non-pregnant females, while at the fourth month of gestation only HDL-C was high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefuzonam (CZON, L-105), a cephem type antibiotic, was clinically studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The results are summarized as follows: CZON 1-2 g was administered by injection twice daily to 11 cases of infections (4 of endometritis, 2 of pyometra, 3 of adnexitis and peritonitis, 1 of abdominal abscess, and 1 of puerperal fever). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 2 cases and good in 9 cases, with a very high overall efficacy rate of 100%. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 case were noted in clinical laboratory tests. No side effects attributable to the drug were noted. CZON is considered to be a useful drug for obstetric and gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Falls in the institutionalized elderly in Japan.

Falls can be considered a vital factor in impeding successful aging in the elderly. The purpose of the study is to know rates of falls per year among the elderly, to observe the situations when falls occurred, and to clarify the association of falls with physical deterioration. The survey was carried out in 1406 residents aged 65 and over of the Tokyo Metropolitan Home for the Elderly in 1982. The rate of subjects who fell more than once during a one-year period was 14.5%. Females had a higher rate than males. Sixty per cent of all the falls occurred indoors. As for the cause of the falls, extrinsic factors were accounted three times as much as intrinsic factors. Among injuries sustained by the falls, fracture was more frequent in females than in males. Length of time of standing on one leg was shorter for fallers than for non-fallers in both sexes. However, the differences were not significant when age was controlled. Fall is attributed not only to physical factors but also to environmental factors. Therefore, it should be encouraged to design an environment with devices.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence and outcome of low ADL and incontinence among the elderly: five years follow-up in a Japanese urban community.

Activities of daily living (ADL) and state of incontinence in 2,567 elderly community residents aged 65 years and over, living in Koganei City (a suburb of Tokyo) were longitudinally investigated through two mail surveys at the beginning and end of a five-year period. At the entry, only 6% of total subjects were classified as low ADL, 3% as incontinent. 30% of the low ADL were classified as incontinent. While the majority of the high ADL and the non-incontinent subjects maintained their conditions during the 5-year period, 66% of the low ADL, 70% of the incontinent, and 81% of the low ADL accompanied by incontinence died during the 5-year period. These mortality rates in low ADL and/or incontinent subjects were 2 times higher than the age-sex standardized mortality rate in the population investigated.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

[Chemotherapy of ovarian cancer based on in vitro (HTCA) and in vivo (nude mice) chemosensitivity testing].

The human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) and the human tumor xenograft system implanted in nude mice were performed simultaneously in an ovarian cancer patient as chemosensitivity testing. Eight anticancer drugs (5-FU, MMC, VCR, ACD, BLM, VLB, CDDP, and ADM) were applied to the HTCA and the human tumor xenograft system. In the HTCA, 5-FU and MMC were sensitive, VCR was moderately sensitive, and ACD, BLM, VLB, CDDP, and ADM were resistant. In the human tumor xenograft system, MMC, VCR, and ADM showed tumor regression (++), and CDDP, VLB, BLM, 5-FU, and ACD exhibited no response (-). Two of the three drugs, which were classified as sensitive or intermediately sensitive in the HTCA, showed tumor regression (++) in the human tumor xenograft system. And four of the five drugs, which were resistant in the HTCA, exhibited no response (-) in the human tumor xenograft system. Clinically, PVB therapy (CDDP, VLB, and BLM) was applied to the present patient, but after recurrence, 5-FU + MMC therapy was applied on the basis of the results of the HTCA. In addition, ADM was added with reference to the results of the human tumor xenograft system. As a result of this therapy, the tumor growth was inhibited. It is possible from the present data that simultaneous chemosensitivity testing of the HTCA and the human tumor xenograft system implanted in nude mice is very useful when choosing sensitive anticancer drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on aztreonam in obstetrics and gynecology].

Aztreonam (AZT), a monobactam antibiotic, is known to have a high activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on AZT with the following results. Following 1 g of bolus intravenous injection, the transfer of AZT to uterine artery and internal genital organs was found to be satisfactory. The levels of the drug in uterine artery showed 34.28, 4.50 micrograms/ml at approximately 2, 6 hours, and those in internal genital organs showed 3-34 micrograms/g at 2 hours. Clinical efficacy was; excellent in 4 cases, good in 13 cases and poor in 1 case, with the very high overall efficacy rate of 94.4%. Abnormal laboratory findings and side effects due to the drug were not noted.

Adolescent↗