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Biomedical subjects

H Fukushima

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukushima.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ecological studies of Yersinia enterocolitica. I. Dissemination of Y. enterocolitica in pigs.

Pigs were examined on five farms for carrier status of Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 4, serovar 3, phagovar VIII was isolated consistently from the feces of fattening pigs on one farm and sporadically from those of similar pigs on the other farms and of sows on all five farms, during a one-year period of weekly surveys. Seasonal variation was not a feature of fattening pigs on a highly contaminated farm. In other pigs, however, the organisms were not isolated during the summer months. On a highly contaminated farm, the organisms were excreted in the feces of 8 to 15-week-old pigs within 1-3 weeks of entering pens which were thought to be contaminated with the organisms. On a detailed observation of natural infection of Y. enterocolitica in eight pigs, the organism appeared in the pigs' feces within 2-7 weeks of them being moved to a pen which had been washed thoroughly after becoming contaminated, by a previous group of pigs, with feces containing 10(5) viable organisms per g. Thus, Y. enterocolitica is apparently transmitted from infected feces or picked up from the floor of a contaminated pen, and the regular schedule of pig movement among the pens is an important factor in the spread of Y. enterocolitica within a piggery. Intestinal colonization continues for a long time and does not occur by re-infection. The organisms were not isolated from eight pigs at the time of slaughter, and their serum O-agglutinin titers were 1/40 or less. Thus, circulating antibody may not inhibit intestinal colonization by Y. enterocolitica.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of Yersinia spp. from bovine feces.

Yersinia spp. were sought in 618 fecal samples from cows. Four strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, serotype O:12,26 (one), O:13,7 (two), and O:18 (one); seven strains of Yersinia kristensenii, serotype O:11,24 (five) and O:12,26 (two); and one strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype IIB, were isolated. This is the first time that Y. pseudotuberculosis has been isolated from cows in Japan, and the isolation of serotype IIB of this organism from cows seems to be the first in the world.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies on 75 g oral glucose tolerance in the inhabitants of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

The authors assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) according to the 1980 National Diabetes Data Group (1980 NDDG) classification and diagnosis. Two hundred and sixty inhabitants [aged 50.9 +/- 9.6 years, male: female (M:F) = 90: 170] of five small rural towns in Kumamoto Prefecture (population 1.8 million) and 279 male members of western divisions of the Japanese Ground Self Defence Forces (SDF employees) living in Kumamoto, who had retired at the age 50 years were subjected to the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) in association with routine clinical and laboratory examinations. In addition, the results of 50 g OGTT obtained in 1243 SDF members (aged 50 years, male) from 1977 to 1980 were included in this study, after their blood glucose concentrations were converted to those of 75 g OGTT according to the 1982 recommendations of the Japan Diabetic Society. The overall prevalence of DM was 2.7%, IGT 17%. Out of the 10 subjects found to have DM in the inhabitants of the 5 rural towns, 6 (M:F = 3:3) were 60 years of age or over and half of them were aware of their diabetes mellitus. None of the 8 cases of DM discovered among the SDF employees examined in 1981-1982 had any signs or symptoms of DM, whereas 3 were hypertensive, 2 were markedly obese and 4 were hypertriglyceridemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bone resorption in osteogenic sarcoma. I. Release of calcium by tumor cells, normal fibroblasts, and macrophages.

The bone calcium resorption activities of three different types of cells that are present either within or in the vicinity of an osteogenic sarcoma tumor mass were examined: osteogenic sarcoma cells, normal fibroblasts, and macrophages. Release of calcium was measured in bone organ cultures in live and killed 45Ca-labeled fetal or newborn mouse long bones. The bone explants, tibiae and humeri, were co-cultured with various numbers of effector cells in microwell plates. Cultured osteogenic sarcoma cells resorb calcium from both live and heat-devitalized bones in a cell-number-dependent manner. A reduced effect of the tumor cells on killed bone suggests that the release of calcium from living bone by tumor cells is mediated partially through stimulation of the endogenous bone-resorbing systems. Fibroblasts also resorb calcium both from live and killed bones but at a lower rate than osteogenic sarcoma cells. Peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages are capable of sustaining calcium resorption from live bones as well as from bones devitalized by a mild nondenaturating method. Macrophages, however, failed to resorb calcium from heat-killed bones. The release of osseous calcium and bone damage associated with osteogenic sarcoma are manifestations of the resorbing properties and interactions among the tumor, bone, and host tumor infiltrating cells.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Mutagenicity of nifurpirinol (P-7138) in Escherichia coli WP2 and Salmonella typhimurium TA100.

Nifurpirinol, 6-hydroxymethyl-2-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]pyridine, which has been widely used as an antibacterial drug against diseases of fish, was found to be a potent mutagen. The mutagenic effect was dose-related, and the potencies were calculated to be 1.49 X 10(3), 7.24 X 10(4) and 8.49 X 10(5) revertants/1 X 10(-8) survivors at the concentration of 1 microgram/ml to :Escherichia coli B/r WP2, E. coli B/r WP2 hcr- and Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively, without metabolic activation. Nifurpirinol is susceptible to photodegradation, and its mutagenic activity to S. typhimurium TA100 was decreased to about one thousandth when the solution of Nifurpirinol was exposed to sunlight at room temperature for 4 h.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Studies on thermal adaptation in Tetrahymena membrane lipids. Changes in positional distribution of fatty acids in diacyl-phospholipids and alkyl-acyl-phospholipids during temperature acclimation.

The positioning of acyl chains in both 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl- and 1,2-diacyl-phospholipids was analyzed at various time intervals for a thermotolerant strain (NT-1) of Tetrahymena pyriformis cells during cold acclimation. During the 10 h period of adaptation, cells were not able to grow but maintained the ability to divide. The content of palmitate (16 : 0) in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was decreased after temperature-shift, with a concurrent increase of palmitoleate (16 : 1 delta 9) and gamma-linolenate (18 : 3 delta 6,9,12). An increase in gamma-linolenate at the 1-position and linoleate at the 2-position was observed in diacyl-phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid). The 2-position of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine and 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-(2-aminoethyl)phosphonolipid was occupied mainly by gamma-linolenate together with cilienate (18 : 2 delta 6,11) and linoleate (18 : 2 delta 9,12). Cilienate and gamma-linolenate at the 2-position of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine were increased after temperature shift, with a small decrease of linoleate. There are little significant changes in alkyl ether lipid content of phosphatidylcholine and 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid after temperature shift. The results indicate that phosphatidylethanolamine, which is most abundant and present only in the diacyl form, would play a crucial role in thermal adaptation of membrane lipids, by replacing palmitate with gamma-linolenate at its 1-position, and also that hexadecyl/gamma-linolenoyl phosphatidylcholine would be an important molecular species in the acclimation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Total enzymic synthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol. Cytochrome b5-dependence of 4-methyl sterol oxidase.

Methyl sterol oxidase of microsomal synthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol is a mixed-function oxidase that is dependent upon reduced pyridine nucleotide. The methyl sterol oxidase, as well as NADH-cytochrome c reductase, in intact rat liver microsomes are inhibited by anti-cytochrome b5 immunoglobulin, but NADPH-cytochrome c reductase is not affected. There is a decreased time lag prior to onset of reoxidation of steady state levels of reduced cytochrome b5 when 4-methyl sterol oxidase substrates are present. Trypsin treatment of microsomes destroys cytochrome b5 with loss of methyl sterol oxidase activity. Activity is restored by addition of purified cytochrome b5 to trypsin-treated microsomes. Initial attempts to solubilize and purify 4-methyl sterol oxidase have been only partially successful due to the extreme lability of the oxidase. However, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography of a detergent extract of microsomes yields a fraction that contains the oxidase, lipids, and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase but is free of cytochrome b5. Oxidation of 4 alpha [30-3H] methyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol by methyl sterol oxidase in this isolated fraction can be fully restored by the addition of purified liver microsomal cytochrome b5. These results strongly support the suggestion that membrane-bound cytochrome b5 of rat liver microsomes is an obligatory electron carrier from NADH to 4-methyl sterol oxidase.

Animals↗