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Biomedical subjects

H Fukushima

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukushima.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A novel method of conjugation of daunomycin with antibody with a poly-L-glutamic acid derivative as intermediate drug carrier. An anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody-daunomycin conjugate.

In studies on antitumor antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugates as potential antitumor agents with improved tumor specificity, daunomycin (DM) was first linked to a poly-L-glutamic acid (PLGA) derivative having a single masked thiol group. At the thiol group, DM-linked PLGA was bound to horse anti-rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibody. The anti-AFP antibody-PLGA-DM conjugate (anti-AFP conjugate, DM/PLGA/Ig molar binding ratio, 7.5/1.2/1.0) retained most of the antigen-binding activity of the parent antibody and was more potent than either unconjugated DM, a conjugate similarity prepared with normal horse immunoglobulin (normal conjugate), or an unconjugated mixture of anti-AFP antibody and DM in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay against the AFP-producing rat ascites hepatoma cell line AH66. Anti-AFP conjugate tended to be less cytotoxic than DM against the AFP-nonproducing rat ascites hepatoma AH272 cells, and in this case there was no difference between the cytotoxicities of anti-AFP conjugate and of normal conjugate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chromogenic immunodetection of human serum albumin and alpha-L-fucosidase clones in a human hepatoma cDNA expression library.

A human hepatoma cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, a bacteriophage vector that was designed to express cDNA-encoded antigenic determinants in Escherichia coli. The cDNA expression library contained approximately 8 X 10(6) recombinant phages with an average insert size of 780 bp. The feasibility of using a chromogenic immunodetection procedure to isolate cDNA clones was proved by isolating a human serum albumin (HSA) cDNA clone. An approximately 1.0-kb cDNA clone was then isolated by screening the library with rabbit anti-human alpha-L-fucosidase antibodies. The identity of the alpha-L-fucosidase cDNA clone was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis and a comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequences of human alpha-L-fucosidase tryptic peptides.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1984

Prospective systematic study of Yersinia spp. in dogs.

A total of 93 Yersinia spp. were isolated from 68 of 252 dogs in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The Yersinia spp. were 70 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from 50 dogs, 2 Yersinia frederiksenii isolates from 2 dogs, 5 Yersinia intermedia isolates from 5 dogs, and 16 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates from 16 dogs. Fifteen of 70 Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to biotype 4 serotype O3 phagotype 8 (6 isolates), biotype 4 (maltose negative) serotype O3 phagotype 8 (4 isolates), biotype 3 (Voges-Proskauer and sorbose negative) serotype O3 phagotype 9 (2 isolates), and biotype 2 serotype O5.27 (3 isolates). The other 55 Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to biotype 1 and were classified into serotypes O4, O5, O7 .8, O9, O10 , O12 , O13 .7, O14 , O15 , and untypable. Sixteen Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to serotypes IB (two), IIB (two), IVA (two), IVB (three), VA (five), and untypable (two). These isolates were mostly detected in cold months. Y. enterocolitica serotype O3 and Y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated more frequently from puppies. Y. enterocolitica serotype O3 was recovered at less than 10(7.0) cells per g of the jejunal-to-rectal contents and at less than 10(2) cells per g of mesenteric lymph nodes. Y. pseudotuberculosis was recovered at less than 10(4.3) cells per g of the cecal-to-rectal contents and at less than 10(2.9) cells per g of mesenteric lymph nodes. Almost all strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1, Y. intermedia, and Y. frederiksenii were recovered at less than 10(2) cells per g of gastric-to-rectal contents.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Antitumor activity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine conjugated with polyglutamic acid and its derivative.

Four types of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) conjugates with poly-L-glutamic acid (PLGA) or poly-N5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine (PHEG) were prepared in an attempt to enhance the efficacy of the drug in simple dosage schedules. The conjugates were made by linking ara-C to the carboxyl groups of PLGA directly at N-4 of ara-C (ara-C:PLGA) or indirectly through the 2-aminoethylphosphoryl or 6-aminohexylphosphoryl side chain which had been introduced to C-5' of ara-C, 1-[5'-(2-aminoethylphosphoryl)-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl]cytosine: PLGA [araCMP(C2):PLGA and 1-[5'-(6-aminohexylphosphoryl)-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl]cytosine:++ +PLGA, respectively, or made by converting the remaining carboxyl groups in the PLGA conjugates to the 2-hydroxyethylamide groups [ara-C:PHEG, ara-CMP(C2):PHEG, 1-[5'-(6-aminohexylphosphoryl)-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl]cytosine:++ +PHEG]. Studies in vitro showed that the conjugates had decreased cytotoxicity against L1210 cells when compared with that of ara-C. Studies in vivo showed that all of the conjugates, except ara-CMP(C2):PLGA, had a greater antitumor activity than did ara-C in L1210 tumor-bearing BALB/c X DBA/2 F, (hereafter called CD2F1) mice (inoculum, 1 X 10(5) cells i.p. on Day 0) which were treated by a single i.p. injection of either the conjugates or the control ara-C on Day 1. The largest antitumor activity [increased life span (ILS) 170%] was observed with a dosage of 50 mg (equivalent ara-C per kg) of ara-C:PHEG. When CD2F1 mice which had been inoculated i.p. with 1 X 10(5) L1210 cells were treated with an i.p. injection of 12.5 or 25 mg (equivalent ara-C per kg) of ara-C:PHEG daily for 5 days starting from Day 1, 2 of 5 mice survived more than 42 days, and the ILS of the remaining mice was 153 and 184%. The injections of 3.2 mg (equivalent ara-C per kg) of ara-C:PHEG showed a moderate antitumor activity with an ILS of 113% which was similar to the ILS (119%) found when unconjugated ara-C (400 mg/kg) was used to treat tumor-bearing mice. In in vitro release experiments, ara-C was released slowly from ara-C:PLGA at pH 7.4, and ara-CMP(C2):PLGA was chemically stable but cleaved by phosphodiesterase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase to give mainly 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Role of the cervical and lumbar proprioceptors during stepping. An electromyographic study of the muscular activities of the lower limbs.

To obtain evidence of the role of the cervical and lumbar proprioceptors during stepping, the following investigations were carried out. 1) 10 normal, healthy subjects and vertiginous patients, particularly those with lumbar pain, were examined. 2) Fukuda's stepping test was first carried out, followed by two modified stepping tests, i.e., stepping after fixing the waist with a corset and after fixing the neck with a collar. 3) Electromyograms (EMGs) of the gastrocnemius muscles of the extensor of the lower limbs were analysed as regards the foot contact with the ground. The following results were obtained. In the original way of Fukuda's stepping test, normal subjects tended to show EMG discharges from the gastrocnemius muscles before foot contact with the ground, whereas in the modified stepping tests, the generation of EMG discharges was delayed, especially in the test requiring fixing of the waist with a corset. The results of these stepping tests were reversed in the vertiginous patients, particularly in those with lumbar pain. We conclude that the lumbar proprioceptors participate especially in the smooth performance of stepping by promoting the anticipatory activity of the extensor of the lower limbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of clidanac, a potent anti-inflammatory drug, on mitochondrial respiration: a consideration on the uncoupling activity of optical enantiomers.

The uncoupling activities of clidanac and its dechlorinated derivative on oxidative phosphorylation were examined using isolated rat liver mitochondria. Clidanac was found to uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation and no difference was detected in the uncoupling potency of the two enantiomorphs. Dechlorclidanac was significantly less effective in the uncoupling activity than clidanac.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Yersinia spp. in surface water in Matsue, Japan.

Yersinia spp. (741 strains) were recovered from 81% of 48 surface water samples collected over a 12-month period from four rivers in Matsue, Japan. The precipitation methods with FeCl3 or Kaolin and the cold enrichment method with Peptone-Mannitol-Phosphate buffer solution were used for recovery. Isolates belonged to Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) (133 strains), Yersinia intermedia (511 strains), Yersinia frederiksenii (57 strains), Yersinia kristensenii (10 strains) and X2-like organisms (30 strains). Thirty colonies of Ye O3 biotype 3 per ml surface water may relate to the drainage containing 2 X 10(4) Ye O3 biotype 3 per ml, from the piggery that raised Ye O3 biotype 3-positive pigs. There was the negative interrelation between the incidence of isolation of Yersinia spp. and the environmental- and water temperatures. This may be the first documentation of isolation of Ye O3 from surface water.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of statokinesigram using 3-D plotting and discriminant function.

The 3-D plot of the statokinesigram, together with X-Y histograms and discriminant function studies are proposed towards a better understanding of the righting reflexes which maintain the erect stable posture in humans. Ninety samples taken from 30 healthy persons were analysed using on-line digital processing system. 3-D plot is an expression of the distribution map of the cumulative frequency of the sway of the center of gravity and helps intuitive recognition of the patterns of the righting reflexes. Parameters representing the distribution map are developed showing as good discriminant ratios as in the analyses of the locus and the area of the statokinesigram.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of microsomal cytochrome b560ms from a unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Effective resolution of detergent-solubilized Tetrahymena microsomal cytochrome b560ms, which is similar to mammalian cytochrome b5, was obtained by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration. On the basis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of Tetrahymena cytochrome b560ms is 22,000. The absorption peaks are 414 nm in the oxidized form and 560, 528, and 425 nm in the dithionite-reduced form. The alpha-peak of the reduced form, which is situated at 560 nm and asymmetric with a shoulder at 556 nm, is different from that of mammalian liver microsomal cytochrome b5. The spectra of the reduced and the oxidized cytochrome b560ms are not altered by the presence of cyanide, azide, and carbon monoxide. The alpha-peak is resolved into two distinct peaks at 551 and 558 nm at low temperature. The absorption peaks at 557, 527, and 418 nm in the pyridine ferrohemochrome spectrum indicate that protoheme is the prosthetic group of the purified b-type cytochrome. The oxidation-reduction potential (E'0) is -42 mV. It is reducible by NADH in the presence of an NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase purified from rat liver microsomes. The present results suggest that the pathways of electrons to microsomal cytochrome b560ms-linked oxidative desaturation of fatty acyl-CoA in protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis are via either of the two microsomal flavoprotein reductases, NADH-ferricyanide reductase or NADPH-cytochrome c reductase.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemical evidence for participation of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in microsomal fatty acyl-CoA desaturation of Tetrahymena cells lacking in cytochrome P-450.

Rabbit antibody was prepared against NADPH-cytochrome c reductase of Tetrahymena microsomes. When examined by the Ouchterlony double diffusion test, anti-NADPH-cytochrome c reductase immunoglobulin formed a single precipitation line with Tetrahymena reductase but not rat liver one. The antibody inhibited the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity of Tetrahymena microsomes, but it did not affect either NADH-ferricyanide or NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity of Tetrahymena microsomes. The NADPH-dependent desaturation of stearoyl-CoA in Tetrahymena microsomes was inhibited by anti-reductase immunoglobuline, while the NADH-dependent desaturation was affected by neither anti-reductase nor control immunoglobuline. It was suggested that the temperature associated-alteration of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities would be important for regulation of microsomal NADPH-dependent desaturase activities in Tetrahymena which contains no cytochrome P-450.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1983

Isolation, partial purification and preliminary characterization of a bacteriocin from Streptococcus mutans Rm-10.

An extracellular bactericidal substance was isolated from the supernatant of Streptococcus mutans Rm-10 culture fluid and partially purified with 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, differential centrifugation, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. There was a good correlation of the sensitivity profiles of indicator strains whether assayed on solid medium or with purified material from cell-free culture fluid, indicating that the same inhibitory substance is produced on solid medium and in broth. Vapor from organic solvents such as chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and ether as well as heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 30 min had little effect on the bactericidal factor. It was sensitive to trypsin and pronase and resistant to deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, lysozyme, and phospholipase C. The inhibitor was not infective, and electron microscopic studies failed to reveal phage or phage-like particles in concentrated solutions of the bactericidal material. The results indicate that the extracellular bactericidal substance is indeed a bacteriocin. Activity in broth cultures reached a maximum only after exponential growth had ceased. It was active against other streptococcal strains as well as strains of Actinomyces naeslundii, A. viscosus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but not against strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Modification of microsomal lipid composition and electron transport enzyme activities in isovalerate-supplemented cells of novel Tetrahymena ISO.

Tetrahymena ISO cells, which have an unusually high level of iso odd-numbered fatty acids, were grown medium supplemented with various concentrations of isovalerate. There was a marked increase in the total proportion of iso odd-numbered fatty acids in supplemented whole cells (28.9 leads to 70.3%) and microsomes (37.7 leads to 84%), with a corresponding decrease in normal fatty acids, although no significant alteration of phospholipid composition was observed during 11 hr isovalerate-supplementation. Microsomal palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities in isovalerate-supplemented cells decreased by 45.7% and 30.6% during 11 hr, respectively. NADH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-ferricyanide reductase activities as well as the content of cytochrome b560ms, which is similar to mammalian microsomal cytochrome b5, were reduced in microsomes from 11 hr-supplemented cells, whereas NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was constant. It is suggested that the alteration of the cross-sectional area of lipid molecules in the bilayer, which results from the replacement of normal fatty acids with iso- 15:0 and iso- 17:1, would result in the decline of palmitoyl- and stearoyl-CoA desaturation in the isovalerate-supplemented cells, in order to maintain membrane fluidity at a functional level.

Animals↗