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Biomedical subjects

H Endo

Publications and source records attributed to H Endo.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The study of dementia patients who showed intellectual improvement after admission to a hospital where they could be given special therapy for dementia].

The authors evaluated the changes in the scores on Hasegawa's rating scale for dementia (HRSD) of demented patients in a hospital for dementia. The subjects in this study were 69 patients (12 males and 57 females) including 34 with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 30 with multi-infarct dementia (MID) and 5 with mixed dementia. Their average age was 75.6 years and the mean period after symptom onset was 2.5 years. The observation period was 5 months after admission to the hospital. We rated HRSD on admission and each month after admission. During the observation period, 65 patients received drugs orally and 65 patients were given rehabilitation for impaired cerebral function. We tried to classify the pattern of change in the HRSD into 5 groups as follows; 1) no remarkable change or deterioration, 2) wavering, 3) improvement during only the first month, 4) improvement from the first month after admission, 5) improvement from admission. We assumed that the patients in group 3) had been underestimated on admission. Their mental states might have been confused on admission because of the change in their living environment. Thus we rejected this group for statistical analysis and compared the medical characteristics of those in the non-improved group (1 and 2) with those in the improved group (4 and 5). The period from onset of symptoms in the improved group was shorter than in the non-improved group (p less than 0.05). Moreover there was a tendency (p less than 0.1) toward less abnormal findings in the EEG and less cerebral atrophy on CT scan in the improved group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Studies on adhesion to tooth substrate. 6. Adhesion of composite resin to dentin mediated by the dentin primer containing MTYA.

The influences of the kinds and concentrations of the aldehydes in the primer on dentin adhesion were investigated. Moreover, the durability of the adhesion to the dentin treated with primer was examined by thermal cycling tests. Among the aldehyde tested here, glutaraldehyde was effective in improving the adhesion to dentin etched with citric acid. When HEMA was substituted with ethanol, the bond strengths decreased. The relationship between the bond strength and the concentration of glutaraldehyde in the primer was studied. In the cases of phosphoric acid or citric acid etching, the bond strengths were affected by the concentration of glutaraldehyde in the primer. The bond strengths decreased after 2000 thermocycles in phosphoric acid etching.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1989

Defective gene in lactic acidosis: abnormal pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha-subunit caused by a frame shift.

A patient with lactic acidosis showed a lowered pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 activity and fatigued on slight exercise. The cDNA encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha-subunit from his lymphocytes, transformed by infection of Epstein-Barr virus, was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the gene had a deletion of four nucleotides at the second codon upstream from the termination codon. This deletion would lead to a reading-frame shift and make a new termination codon at the 33d codon downstream from the "normal" termination codon. An S1 nuclease-protection experiment confirmed the presence of mRNA with its deletion in the patient. Amplification, by the polymerase chain reaction method, of the genomic-DNA region from his peripheral blood cells showed that the deletion was localized in an exon and that it was not caused by an abnormal splicing at the intron/exon junction. This is the first report on cloning a defective gene of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1989

Lignin inhibits (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase activity.

(ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase activity was inhibited in vitro by lignin, a naturally occurring polymethoxyphenolic compound. However, coniferyl alcohol, which is a main component of lignin, was not inhibitory even at 100 micrograms/ml. Lignin caused competitive inhibition with respect to the substrate (ADP-ribose)n and its Ki value was 18 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that lignin with a polymerized structure has a functional domain that interacts with the (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase molecule at the same site as (ADP-ribose)n.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1989

[Bidirectional ductal shunts in the early neonatal period: evaluation by Doppler color flow imaging].

Serial Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed in 10 normal neonates (0.3-4.0 hrs after birth). The flow patterns through the ductus arteriosus were evaluated using Doppler color flow imaging, pulsed Doppler echocardiography and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. At the initial examination, flow through the ductus arteriosus was clearly visualized in all the neonates using Doppler color flow imaging. The ductal flow patterns were categorized as follows: 1. Systolic blue color (right-to-left shunt flow) and diastolic red color (left-to-right shunt flow) in four neonates (group 1). 2. Systolic blue color and diastolic mosaic colors in four neonates (group 2). 3. Continuous mosaic colors in two neonates (group 3). Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography, the systolic right-to-left ductal shunt flow in the groups 1 and 2 was triangular in shape beginning in early systole. The diastolic left-to-right shunt flow was box-like in shape beginning late in systole and lasting long in diastole in the group 1. In the group 2, the diastolic flow showed a wide spectrum (turbulent flow). In the group 3, the flow through the ductus arteriosus had a continuous wide spectrum (turbulent flow). Mosaic or turbulent ductal flow of a left-to-right ductal shunt had high velocities by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. Serial examinations revealed that the ductal flow pattern observed in the group 1 changed to the flow pattern observed in the group 2, and then to that of the group 3 with increasing diastolic ductal flow velocities. The estimated aorto-pulmonary pressure gradient according to the simplified Bernoulli equation (delta p = 4V2) using a maximum diastolic left-to-right ductal shunt velocity increased within 12 hrs after birth. It was concluded that bidirectional ductal shunts may be observed in most normal neonates (8/10). With increasing diastolic velocities the bidirectional ductal flows changed to the pattern of a continuous left-to-right shunt. The bidirectional ductal shunt is considered due to physiologic pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and due to less conduction time from the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary end of the ductus than from the aortic valve to the aortic end of the ductus. Analysis of the flow through the ductus provides informations about the neonatal circulatory adaptation, especially in the early neonatal period.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1989

[Aortic flow patterns in normal neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: evaluation by Doppler color flow imaging].

Serial Doppler echocardiography was performed in 12 normal neonates (0.5-4.0 hrs after birth) to evaluate flow patterns through the ductus arteriosus, and in the aorta and brachiocephalic artery. At the initial examination, flow through the ductus arteriosus was bidirectional in eight of the 12 neonates and continuously left-to-right in the remaining four. The bidirectional ductal shunts became continuous left-to-right flows within 11-21 hrs after birth in seven of the eight neonates and resolved by 29-47 hrs after birth. In the remaining four neonates, the continuous left-to-right shunts disappeared 14-36 hrs after birth. Systolic ejection flow patterns in the aorta and brachiocephalic artery had a triangular shape with the peak velocity in early systole, followed by a minimal flow reversal in all sites examined. Diastolic flow patterns in each arterial site were as follows: 1. In the ascending aorta, there was slow and sustained diastolic forward flow, which did not change with increasing age. 2. In the brachiocephalic artery, there was a pan-diastolic flow reversal in the neonates with bidirectional ductal flow (7/8). This pattern changed to slow pan-diastolic forward flow when the ductal changed to continuous left-to-right flow or when the ductal closure was confirmed. Most (3/4) of the remaining four neonates with continuous left-to-right ductal flow exhibited pan-diastolic forward flow. Another showed a pan-diastolic flow reversal 2 hrs after birth, which changed to pan-diastolic forward flow in the second examination 6 hrs after birth. 3. In the distal aortic arch, there was a pan-diastolic forward flow in all the neonates, and the velocity decreased when a closure of the ductus was confirmed. 4. In the descending aorta, there was a pan-diastolic flow reversal in neonates with bidirectional ductal flow (7/8). This reversal changed to pan-diastolic forward flow, when the ductal flow changed to continuous left-to-right flow or when the ductal closure was confirmed. In the remaining four neonates with continuous left-to-right ductal flow, two showed a pan-diastolic flow reversal at the initial examinations 2 to 3 hrs after birth. This became a pan-diastolic forward flow at the second examinations 6 and 12 hrs after birth. In the other two, there was a pan-diastolic forward flow which did not change. This pan-diastolic flow reversal observed in the brachiocephalic artery and descending aorta was closely related to the bidirectional ductal flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aorta↗
PubMed1989

A novel transcription unit within the exon sequence of the rat insulin like growth factor II gene.

We identified a transcription unit within a single exon of the rat insulin like growth factor II (rIGFII) gene by a combination of Northern blotting, S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension analyses. Among multiple mRNA products of rIGFII, the 1.8kb transcript has a discrete 5' terminus and is encoded exclusively in a single 3'-extreme exon with no trace of the coding region. The upstream region of the 5' terminus contains a completely matching GC-rich 16bp palindrome and several sequence motifs highly homologous to the consensus sequences of binding sites for transcriptional regulatory proteins AP2, H2TF1 and NF-kappa B.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect of tannin on poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from human placenta.

Tannin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, was found to inhibit the activity of purified poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from human placenta. The inhibition was dose-dependent and half maximal with 2.8 micrograms/ml of tannin. The inhibitory effect of tannin was two and three orders of magnitude more than those of ADP-ribose and cAMP, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition by tannin was competitive with respect to the substrate poly(ADP-ribose).

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1988

Additive effects of IL-1 and TNF on induction of prostacyclin synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells.

The effect of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the induction of prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells (EC) was investigated. Both IL-1 and TNF increased PGI2 production by EC in both a time- and dose-dependent manner, and a combination of the two cytokines additively enhanced PGI2 production. Metabolic inhibitors including indomethacin and cycloheximide abolished cytokine induced PGI2 synthesis. Since, the effect of TNF was not inhibited by neutralization with antibody to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, it seems that the mechanism is not mediated by endogenous IL-1 induced by TNF.

Cycloheximide↗
PubMed1988

Transcriptional deviation of the rat insulin-like growth factor II gene initiated at three alternative leader-exons between neonatal tissues and ascites hepatomas.

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) is a mitogenic polypeptide, the mRNAs of which are present in multiple forms, despite derivation from a single gene. In the present study, we observed nearly full-length rat IGFII mRNA structures of major species with three alternative 5'-untranslated sequences and a common unusually-long 3'-untranslated region. These three 5' sequences (E1, E2 and E3) locate at different sites on the rat IGFII genome and are therefore independent leader-exons. Northern blotting using probes specific to E1, E2 and E3 sequences revealed major bands at 3.8 kilobases (kb), 4.6 kb and 3.6 kb in nucleotide length, respectively. The E1, E2 and E3 promoters were functional in all rat neonatal tissues examined and in the adult brain, and the relative level of mRNA species was fairly constant, although the bulk expression varied from tissue to tissue. Thus, the three mRNAs initiated from the single rat IGFII gene are co-ordinately regulated. However, this relative transcriptional constancy deviated variously in several lines of transplantable rat ascites hepatomas, thereby indicating that each mRNA level can also be regulated independently.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Eukaryotic mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase that ADP-ribosylates GTP-binding regulatory Gi protein.

An NAD:cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase designated ADP-ribosyltransferase C was purified approximately 35,000-fold from human erythrocytes with an 11% yield. The purified ADP-ribosyltransferase C exhibited one predominant protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with an estimated molecular weight (Mr) of 28,500. The Km values for NAD and cysteine methyl ester were determined to be 65 and 4,400 microM, respectively. By using human erythrocyte inside-out membrane vesicles, the transferase C was found to ADP-ribosylate the alpha subunit (Mr = 41,000) of Gi, which is a substrate for pertussis toxin. The ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferase C was inhibited by pre-ADP-ribosylation with pertussis toxin. The linkage of ADP-ribose-Gi alpha in the membranes formed by ADP-ribosyltransferase C was as stable to hydroxylamine as that formed by pertussis toxin. These data represent the first demonstration that eukaryotic cells contain an ADP-ribosyltransferase which can catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of a cysteine residue in Gi alpha.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1988

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced morphological changes in the basement membrane of chick embryonic skin. An electron-microscopic study.

The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the basement membrane structure of chick embryonic skin cultured in a chemically defined medium (BGJb) containing 20 mM hydrocortisone, and EGF at 10, 50, or 100 ng/ml supplemented with 5% delipidized fetal calf serum, was examined by electron microscopy. During development of the epidermis in vitro, EGF (100 ng/ml) caused striking changes to occur in the basement membrane structure and in the keratinization process. The basement membrane frequently became discontinuous with many gaps apparent in section, and occasionally became folded following detachment from the basal surface of the epidermis and protruded into the underlying dermis. In the basal and intermediate cells of EGF-treated epidermis, tonofilament bundles were decreased in number, while desmosomes and hemidesmosomes revealed no significant changes in morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reactivation of rat insulin-like growth factor II gene during hepatocarcinogenesis.

The insulin-like growth factor II (rIGFII) is a mitogenic polypeptide, the expression of which is high in most rat tissues during embryonic development, yet is barely detectable in adult tissues except for some of neurogenic origin. The gene is present as a single copy in the genome but has three alternative leader exons, E1, E2 and E3, thereby with three independent transcriptional promoters. We analysed the expression of rIGFII and the relative efficiency of each promoter in hepatocarcinogen-treated livers, primary hepatomas and established hepatoma lines. The E3-specific product was first detected after 6 weeks of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene treatment and those of E1 and E2 also after 9 weeks. The levels gradually increased according to the sum of the treatment period, but reactivation was nil in the regenerating liver. Consistently high levels of expression were observed in all primary tumors, but the relative promoter activity varied with the tumor. The significance of rIGFII reactivation was discussed in the light of the hepatocarcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cloning of the sequences expressed abundantly in established cell lines: identification of a cDNA clone highly homologous to S-100, a calcium binding protein.

To identify and characterize mRNAs which are abundant in established cell lines, but less so in the corresponding parental counterparts, a cDNA library was constructed from poly(A)+RNA of Balb/c3T3 cells. We screened this cDNA library by differential colony hybridization using single-stranded cDNAs from Balb/c3T3 cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), and obtained four cDNA clones, out of 8,300 clones. One such clone, named pEL98, corresponding to mRNA of approximately 600 nucleotides, was further characterized. The entire nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert in the pEL98 revealed a single open reading frame that encodes a 101 amino acid of putative protein (hereafter referred to as the pEL98 protein). pEL98 protein is highly homologous to both alpha and beta subunits of bovine S-100 protein (49 and 47% homology, respectively), a protein belonging to the family of calcium binding proteins. pEL98 protein is also homologous to several S-100 related proteins such as "calcyclin," a product of growth-regulated human gene 2A9, porcine p11 (or p10), the small subunit of a protein complex which serves as a major substrate of tyrosine kinase, and human cystic fibrosis antigen (CFAg). The amounts of transcript of pEL98 were increased in murine cells transformed with both activated oncogene and chemical carcinogen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗