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H Endo

Publications and source records attributed to H Endo.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Duplicate leader exons in the mouse liver-type alkaline phosphatase gene.

A mouse genomic region corresponding to that containing the E2 exon of the rat liver alkaline phosphatase gene was isolated and characterized. A sequence comparison of these two regions showed homology of about 85% and complete conservation of sequence stretchs around the splicing-donor site. This sequence was proved to be transcribed in the mouse liver as poly(A)+RNA. These data suggest that, together with the E1-type transcript, the mouse liver-type alkaline phosphatase gene is provided with at least two alternative leader exons.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Hematologic evaluation of growth retarded fetus by cordocentesis.

Fetal blood sampling by ultrasound-guided cordocentesis was performed in 22 IUGR fetuses in order to evaluate the fetal condition. All patients were referred to our hospital for further examination and management. In addition to hematological assessment we measured the velocity profiles of the umbilical artery with pulse-gated Doppler equipment. On the whole, pH and pO2 in the umbilical vein of IUGR fetuses were significantly lower and pCO2 higher, respectively, the corresponding values in controls. In particular, IUGR fetuses which had an etiology of maternal pre-eclampsia had fallen into hypoxemia. However, other laboratory values in IUGR did not differ from those of the controls except for the platelet count, which was low in the IUGR fetuses. Five fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities were found by analyzing the fetal blood. Since there are different etiologies inducing IUGR, fetus and umbilical artery velocimetry is not always predictive of the state of the IUGR fetus, hematological assessment is considered indispensable for further management.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Structural dissimilarity in insulin-like growth factor II genes of the rat and the human.

A comparison of insulin-like growth factor II(IGFII) genes revealed the lack in the rat genome of a transcriptional system identified in human IGFII gene, h1-h2-h3. Complete deletion was, however, restricted to the h1 region, while the h2 and h3 sequences were conserved in a nearly intact form and in a highly deviated one, respectively. Meanwhile, the human genome contained a region highly homologous to the rE1 sequence, a rat-specific leader exon. These results indicate that the IGFII genes of these species were derived from a common ancestral gene having, together with two other common leader exons, rE2 (h4) and rE3 (h4B), four leader exons, and that the human-specific leader exon h1 sequence was not newly acquired in the human genome but was deleted from the rat genome after speciation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Endocrinological analysis of chronic hypernatremia in two cases of hydranencephaly].

We reported two infants with hydranencephaly and chronic hypernatremia. Their plasma sodium concentration gradually increased during the first week and remained between 150-160 mEq/L thereafter. They showed no signs of thirst. A water deprivation test demonstrated low urine osmolality and low plasma ADH concentration despite markedly elevated plasma osmolality in both cases. Urine was significantly concentrated when vasopressin was given. Thus, it was concluded that both thirst mechanism and ADH secretion were disturbed in these two cases. ADH producing cells, the thirst center and the osmoreceptor are all located in the hypothalamus. Radiographic measures showed dysplasia of the hypothalamus, providing the anatomical basis for their dysfunction.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1989

Multiple polyadenylation sites in a large 3'-most exon of the rat insulin-like growth factor II gene.

The rat insulin-like growth factor II (rIGFII) gene produces, in addition to three major mRNA species 3.6 kilobases (kb), 4.6 kb and 3.8 kb in length which represent transcripts from three independent leader-exons, multiple smaller-sized products that distribute broadly in the 1-3 kb region on Northern blots. Structural constituents of these RNAs were analyzed by hybridization with region-specific probes prepared from the entire rIGFII genome. Most of these shorter RNAs contained both 5'-untranslated and coding regions, but only parts of the 3'-untranslated region. At least nine protected sites were mapped within a single 3'-most exon E6 by S1 nuclease analysis. Some but not all of these sites were associated with the upstream polyadenylation signal, AATAAA, or its variants. Since none of the shorter subspecies contained intronic sequences, aberration in splicing is not involved in their generation. Thus, the main parts of submature materials are a collection of discrete species of RNAs, most, if not all, of which are produced by alternative polyadenylation site selection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

A LINE 1 sequence interrupts the rat alpha 2u globulin gene.

The rat alpha 2u globulin gene family is composed of about 25 members with closely related structure. Several of these genes are transcriptionally active in the liver of adult males. We isolated about 50 independent genomic clones from the library and determined complete nucleotide sequences of two. Although they were alike and revealed structural features prerequisite for active genes, one cloned gene was interrupted in the 6th intron with about 900 bp 5' truncated and 3'-terminal triplicated form of LINE 1 sequence flanked by 16 bp complete direct repeat originating from the 6th intron. Within the inserted LINE 1 an excellent splicing acceptor homologue with a precedent lariat junction motif and multiple polyadenylation signals was identified. Thus, the possible production of a chimeric RNA, the last exon of which would be replaced by a part of LINE 1, has to be considered.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of the rat catalase-encoding gene.

Using cDNA clones coding for rat liver catalase (hydrogen peroxide:hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6), overlapping genomic clones were isolated. By Southern blotting analysis and nucleotide sequencing, the gene was characterized to be about 33 kb in length and to have 13 exons and twelve introns. S1 mapping and primer extension analyses showed the presence of multiple transcription start points (tsp) located between 66 bp and 105 bp upstream from the translational start codon. Nucleotide sequence immediately upstream from the tsp lacks the TATA box but contains multiple CCAAT boxes and GC-like boxes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Length heterogeneity in rat salivary gland alpha 2 mu globulin mRNAs: multiple splice-acceptors and polyadenylation sites.

Rat alpha 2 mu globulins are coded for by a family of about 25 structurally related genes, some of which are expressed in the male adult liver while the other subset seems to be active in several excretory organs, including salivary and lacrymal glands. To estimate the number and specificity of genes expressed in the salivary glands, we determined nucleotide sequences of 30 cDNA clones. At least two alpha 2 mu globulin genes are active and two thirds of mRNAs were shown to code for the peptide two amino acids shorter than the others. Unexpected observation was the intense length polymorphism in the 3' non-coding 6th intron-7th exon regions presumably caused by alternative splice-acceptor selection. At least six acceptor sites were utilized and the longest type retained the entire 6th intronic sequence resulting in a formation of unusually longer product. A stable mRNA molecule of this type was demonstrated in salivary glands by Northern blotting probed with the 6th intron-specific fragment. Together with three independent polyadenylation sites, the rat salivary glands generate a diverse set of alpha 2 mu globulin mRNAs.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of a rat liver alkaline phosphatase gene. A single gene with two promoters.

Structural analysis of 55 nearly full-length cDNA clones revealed heterogeneity in the 5'-untranslated regions of rat liver alkaline phosphatase mRNAs. The 5' extremities diverged into two totally unrelated sequence stretches at the position 88 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon ATG. These two sequences, referred to as E1 and E2, were assigned on the genome about 36,000 base pairs (36 kbp) and 10 kbp upstream, respectively, of the exon coding for the 5'-most part of the common region. The gene consisted of 13 exons, including E1 and E2, and spanned about 56 kbp. The 11 exons (E3 to E13) following E1 and E2 were shared in common by the E1-type and the E2-type mRNAs. Analyses by S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension revealed the presence of two independent transcription-initiation sites specific to each of the E1 and E2 sequences. These results are interpreted as indicating a possible alternative usage of two leader exons, hence the presence of two independent promoters. Structural features of these putative promoters are described in the context of transcriptional fundamental and regulatory cis-elements.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Gi by eukaryotic cysteine-specific mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase attenuates inhibition of adenylate cyclase by epinephrine.

Eukaryotic cysteine-specific mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, named ADP-ribosyltransferase C (Tanuma, S., Kawashima, K. and Endo, H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5485-5489), attenuates inhibition of adenylate cyclase in human platelet membranes by epinephrine. This attenuation appeared to result from mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation by ADP-ribosyltransferase C of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gi) of adenylate cyclase. These results indicate a role of ADP-ribosyltransferase C in regulation of hormonal control of the adenylate cyclase system.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of a family of rat endogenous retroviral sequences.

The complete nucleotide sequence of one representative rat genomic unit flanked on both sides with RAL elements, which have structural features specific to retroviral LTRs (1), was determined. The total unit was about 7.5 kbp long, and there was a partial homology to known retroviral sequences in gag, pol, and env regions. The sequence also contained minus- and plus-strand primer binding sites, thereby indicating a retroviral nature in replication. Transcription of the sequence was extensive in tumor cells and was strongly correlated with the state of methylation within 5' LTRs, which were highly methylated in the normal but not in the tumor state. In functional assays with bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs containing a series of deleted LTRs, there seemed to be both positive and negative cis-acting effector sequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin expression is suppressed in retinol-induced mucous metaplasia of chick embryonic epidermis.

The fate of endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin of chick embryo (14K type) was investigated during the course of skin differentiation. Lectin (14K) was found in keratinized epidermis and was localized mainly in the basal and intermediate cells. However, the protein lectin in the epidermis disappeared when the cultured skin was treated with vitamin A and mucous metaplasia was observed. The synthesis of lectin mRNA was also strongly suppressed by vitamin A in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, in the dermis, in which the lectin was localized in the extracellular matrix, lectin expression was scarcely affected by vitamin A. These results indicated that the lectin was expressed in the keratinized epidermis but that its expression was suppressed in vitamin A-induced mucous-secreting epithelium. The suppression may be a result of a transition of the epidermal regulatory system to one of mucous-secreting epithelium. This is the first finding that 14K lectin expression might be regulated during the course of the epidermal differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sequence divergence of 5' extremities in rat liver alkaline phosphatase mRNAs.

Structural analysis of 55 nearly full-length cDNA clones of rat liver alkaline phosphatase mRNAs revealed the presence of two totally different sequence stretches at the 5'-distal region starting from the position 88 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon ATG. Since each of these two sequences, E1 and E2, was assigned on the rat genome about 36 kilobase pairs (kbp) and 10 kbp upstream of the common exon E3, respectively, they are presumably used as alternatively spliced exons. The distances between these sequences and E3 were unusually long, as compared with other intronic distances (0.4-4 kbp) observed between successive pairs of the eleven exons which are common to both types of mRNAs. The relative ratio of E1-containing mRNA to E2-mRNA was about three in the liver after bile-duct ligation and colchicine treatment.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Protection of OK-432, a Streptococcus pyogenes preparation, against lethal infection of mice with herpes simplex virus.

We have studied the protective effect of OK-432, a biological response modifier (BRM) of Streptococcus pyogenes origin, on the lethal infection of mice with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of more than 10 micrograms of OK-432, when given at least two days before the infection, gave a marked effect yielding nearly 100% protection against ordinarily lethal infection. The protection was independent of the amount of infected virus inoculated. When given after the infection, the agent even at the maximal dose (100 micrograms), produced only a marginal effect. A single i.p. administration of OK-432 augmented the natural killer (NK) activity of peritoneal exudate cells and spleen mononuclear cells in mice 2 to 3 days after injection of OK-432, coinciding with the times when it induced a survival effect on HSV-infection. Treating OK-432-treated mice with a combination of an anti-macrophage agent, silica, and an anti-NK cell agent, anti-asialo GM1 serum, before infection diminished the antiviral effect of OK-432. The OK-432 protection against HSV infection was also markedly diminished in athymic nude mice. Thus, the protective effect of OK-432 on lethal HSV infection seems to be based on the activation of NK cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of watershed infarct dementia].

This clinical study of watershed infarct was carried out in two hospitals for elderly patients. The purpose of this study was an investigation of the clinical specificity of this type of infarct as compared with other types of infarcts. The most important point was to determine which patients with this type of infarct usually become demented. The items of investigation were brain CT findings, measurements of the width of the ventricles and the extent of sylvian fissures from CT images, blood pressure, past history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use and smoking, blood analysis of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hematocrit, hemoglobin A1 and uric acid and the incidence of patients in whom dementia had improved from the previous state. From CT findings, we classified all patients with brain infarcts into 4 groups; 173 patients with central infarcts, 56 patients with watershed infarcts, 20 patients with subcortical lesions of the Binswanger type and 11 patients with occlusion of main brain arteries. Among all investigated patients, there were 56 non-demented and 162 demented (74.3%) patients. Among the patients with watershed infarcts, there were 10 non-demented and 45 (81.8%) demented patients. In the group of demented patients with watershed infarcts, females were four times as many as males. Demented patients with watershed infarcts in the right hemisphere were twice as frequent as those with infarcts in the left hemisphere, while the number of non-demented patients with this type of infarct in right hemisphere was the same as that in the left hemisphere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of chronic subdural hematoma and hygroma in two hospitals for elderly patients with dementia].

The authors have investigated the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma and hygroma (CSH) in two hospitals for elderly patients with dementia syndrome over a period of three years and nine months. All observed patients had been in the hospital for 2 weeks or more and had had brain computed tomography (CT) on admission. The total of 613 patients included 212 males and 401 females. Based on the CT findings observed in patients on admission, the authors found 47 patients with CSH. This was equivalent to 7.7% of all patients observed. After admission, almost all patients had brain CT twice per year, with a mean of 2.2 CT examinations during the observation period. Sixteen patients who had no CSH on admission developed CSH. Thus a total of 63 (10.3%) demented patients demonstrated CSH during the observation period. It was assumed that the high incidence of CSH in this study may be due to the practice of performing routine CT examinations in hospitalized patients and the fact that demented patients are prone to fall and hit their heads. From the investigation of past history, tastes, and patterns of daily behavior, we found the risk factors for CSH development to be male sex, alcohol abuse and wandering as a symptom of dementia. We performed CT examinations on all patients who showed subjective or objective neuro-symptoms related to the central nervous system, but we could find only 2 patients with high-density lesions in the subdural space that indicated acute bleeding. This was only 3.1% (2/65) of all patients who developed subdural effusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗