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Biomedical subjects

H Endo

Publications and source records attributed to H Endo.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Incidence of fetal chromosomal aberration in prenatal cytogenetic examination].

One thousand forty-seven fetal samples were obtained from women who received the prenatal cytogenetic examination for different reasons. In this study, the incidence of fetal chromosomal aberration related to each reason was analyzed. The incidence of de novo chromosomal aberration in the fetuses of the higher maternal age group was 1.5% (8/525: 4 cases of 21-trisomy, 2 cases of 18-trisomy and 2 cases of 47,XXY). The incidence in the group of women who had borne (a) chromosomally abnormal child(ren) was 0.5% (1/202). There was no repeat of 21-trisomy, 18-trisomy or 13-trisomy in this study. The incidence in the group of women who had ultrasonographic abnormalities was 16.9% (26/154). In this study, abnormal amniotic fluid volume, intrauterine growth retardation, malformation, hydrops fetalis, intestinal obstruction, omphalocele, single cord artery and cerebellar hypoplasia were related to chromosomal aberrations. The incidence in the group of women whose husband or herself was cytogenetically abnormal was 40.0% (26/65). This high value indicated that parental translocation and inversion are easily transmitted to their offspring.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Relation of maternal mean arterial pressure and fetal growth course to the onset of preeclampsia in second trimester].

Severe preeclampsia in the second trimester presents a major challenge in management because it is associated with high perinatal mortality. One possible way to improve the perinatal outcome in these pregnancies is to predict the later development of preeclampsia and to start management of it early. To investigate the relationship between the timing of the rise in maternal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the course of biparietal diameter (BPD) growth in the fetus, we reviewed seven women with preeclampsia diagnosed between 18 and 27 weeks' gestation. MAP increased slowly within the normal range three or four weeks before the onset of the disease. Slowing of the fetal BPD growth curve preceded the onset of preeclampsia by two to four weeks. Serial measurement of BPD from early pregnancy may prevent the onset of severe preeclampsia before 28 weeks' gestation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1991

[A case of complete remission obtained with etoposide in uterine choriocarcinoma].

A 27-year-old female was admitted to Sendai National Hospital complaining of continuous slight genital bleeding for about one and a half year after incomplete abortion. At first visit, urinary hCG was elevated to 32,000 IU/l and ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous tumor in the uterus body. After abdominal simple total hysterectomy, the sample was diagnosed pathologically as a uterine choriocarcinoma. The patient was treated with 2 courses of MTX, but this regimen was not so effective. Because of persistent elevation of urinary hCG, 2 courses of etoposide were performed and hCG was rapidly reduced to within LH level. Etoposide (25 mg/day per os) was given to the patient for about three months since hospitalization and now complete remission has been obtained.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

The primary structure of the rat insulin-like growth factor II gene region.

Complete nucleotide sequences of the rat insulin-like growth factor II gene region including 5' 18 kilobases (kb) up to the insulin gene, all exonic and intronic, and 3' 6 kb sequences were determined. Among these sequences several repetitive stretches became evident besides integration of type II Alu and identifier sequences. They were: (1) twelve repetitions of about 100 base pair (bp) units; (2) duplication of 60 bp units; (3) triplication of a 24 bp unit; and (4) 41-fold expansion of 12-15 bp units.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of an (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase from human erythrocytes.

An (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase from human erythrocytes was purified approximately 13,000-fold and characterized. On sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel the purified enzyme appeared homogeneous and had an estimated relative molecular mass (Mr) of 59,000. Amino acid analysis showed that the enzyme had a relatively high content of acidic amino acid residues and low content of basic amino acid residues. Isoelectrofocusing showed that the enzyme was an acidic protein with pI value of 5.9. The mode of hydrolysis of (ADP-ribose)n by this enzyme was exoglycosidic, yielding ADP-ribose as the final product. The Km value for (ADP-ribose)n (average chain length, n = 15) was 5.8 microM and the maximal velocity of its hydrolysis was 21 mumol.min-1.mg protein-1. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.4 KCl was more inhibitory than NaCl. The enzyme activity was inhibited by ADP-ribose and cAMP but not the dibutyryl-derivative (Bt2-cAMP), cGMP or AMP. These physical and catalytic properties are similar to those of cytosolic (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase II, but not to those of nuclear (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase I purified from guinea pig liver [Tanuma, S., Kawashima, K. & Endo, H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 965-969]. Thus, human erythrocytes contain (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase II. The kinetics of degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) bound to histone H1 by purified erythrocyte (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase was essentially the same as that of the corresponding free poly(ADP-ribose). In contrast, the glycohydrolase showed appreciable activity of free oligo(ADP-ribose), much less activity on the corresponding oligo(ADP-ribose) bound to histone H1. The enzyme had more activity on oligo(ADP-ribose) bound to mitochondrial and cytosolic free mRNA ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP) proteins than on oligo(ADP-ribose) bound to histone H1. It did not degrade mono(ADP-ribosyl)-stimulatory guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (Gs) and -inhibitory guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (Gi) prepared with cholera and pertussis toxins, respectively. These results suggest that cytosolic (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase II may be involved in extranuclear de(ADP-ribosyl)n-ation, but not in membrane de-mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1990

Novel regulatory enhancer in the nuclear gene of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase beta-subunit.

The system coordinating expressions of nuclear coded mitochondrial proteins was investigated by examination of the 5'-flanking region of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase beta-subunit gene. The promoter activity was measured by a transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene connected with various 5'-deletion mutants of the 5'-flanking region. In this experiment, at least two regions enhanced this promoter activity and at least one region repressed it. In one of the enhancing regions, a consensus sequence was found for the genes of other mitochondrial proteins such as those for cytochrome c1 (Suzuki, H., Hosokawa, Y., Nishikimi, M., and Ozawa, T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 1368-1374) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit (Maragos, C., Hutchison, W. M., Hayasaka, K., Brown, G. K., and Dahl, H.-H. M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 12294-12298; Ohta, S., Endo, H., Matsuda, K., and Kagawa, Y. (1989) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 573, 458-460). The characteristics of this enhancing element were examined by introducing a synthetic oligonucleotide element into the CAT plasmid with a deleted enhancing element. The resulting plasmid showed full recovery of promoter activity, and this activity was independent of the orientation or location of the insert. Therefore, this is an enhancer that may be common to the nuclear genes of some mitochondrial proteins involved in energy transduction.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Functional analysis of multiple promoters of the rat insulin-like factor II gene.

We have characterized the multiple promoters of the rat insulin-like growth factor II (rIGFII) gene by in vivo transient expression assay using a series of deletion mutant templates. Among the four promoters (P1, P2, P3 and P6), two (P2 and P3) showed relatively strong promoter activities compared with the other two. One of the four promoters, P2, was further characterized by gel band-shift and footprinting analysis using HeLa cell nuclear extract, showing two retarded bands and at least one protected sequence stretch. The results indicated that P2 has a very simple structure like P3, and consists of no more than 141 base-pairs (bp) including a TATA box and two GC core hexanucleotides. Promoter strength shown by in vivo transient expression in different cell types failed to explain the differential employment of P2 and P3 in these cells, suggesting the involvement of other regulatory mechanisms that might operate only in the native state.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identification in human erythrocytes of mono(ADP-ribosyl) protein hydrolase that cleaves a mono(ADP-ribosyl) Gi linkage.

A novel enzymatic activity, the hydrolysis of linkages between mono(ADP-ribose) and cysteine residues in Gi prepared by eukaryotic ADP-ribosyltransferase C [(1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5485-5489] was found in the cytosol of human erythrocytes. The mono(ADP-ribosyl) Gi hydrolase, tentatively named ADP-ribosyl protein hydrolase C was partially purified by sequential chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and Blue Sepharose. This enzyme catalyzes the release of ADP-ribose from mono(ADP-ribosyl) Gi. Its activity was enhanced by Ca2+ and inhibited by ADP-ribose. The presence of this enzyme in eukaryotic cells suggests that endogenous mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Gi is a reversible post-translational modification.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1990

A new method for the high performance liquid chromatographic determination of TA-870, a dopamine prodrug (catechol ester compound).

A new method for the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)dopamine (TA-870), a dopamine prodrug, in biological fluid has been developed. In order to measure with an electrochemical detector (ECD), TA-870 was passed first through an immobilized carboxylesterase column to be converted to the electrochemically active deethoxycarbonylated TA-870 (DEC-TA-870). The properties of this carboxylesterase immobilized on Sepharose 4B were examined by this flow injection system. Hydrolysis of TA-870 with this immobilized carboxylesterase was a maximum at pH 7-8 and 50 degrees C, and the activity decreased in the presence of organic solvent such as acetonitrile. For the determination of TA-870 in biological fluids, an HPLC-immobilized enzyme-ECD system using a column-switching technique was developed. The blood was deproteinized with ethanol, and TA-870 in the ethanol extracts was adsorbed in Bond Elut C18. The dichloromethane eluate from Bond Elut C18 was injected into the HPLC system. The HPLC apparatus was composed of three pumps, two separation columns (LiChrosorb Si 60 and mu Bondasphere), a trap column (Bond Elut), an enzyme column, ECD and the column-switching system. The calibration curve for TA-870 in blood was linear in the range from 2 to 200 ng/mL. This new assay method might be useful also for the determination of other catechol ester compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Some effects of CNS cholinergic neurons on memory.

The aim of this study is to observe the relationship between the impairment in passive avoidance task induced in rats by the i.p. administration of muscarinic antagonists, scopolamine and methyl-scopolamine, and the change in acetylcholine (ACh) output induced by these drugs. Initially we studied the effects of these drugs on the animals' performance of a step-through passive avoidance task. We then measured the change in ACh levels after administration of these drugs using an in vivo brain dialysis technique. Scopolamine was effective in impairing the performance of the passive avoidance task, while methyl-scopolamine did not have clear effects on the performance of the task. With regard to ACh output, scopolamine increased ACh dose-dependently and methyl-scopolamine also affected ACh release. These data suggest that the accumulation of ACh in the synaptic cleft may be involved in the memory deficit induced by scopolamine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Catecholamine levels and their correlation to blood gases in umbilical venous blood obtained by cordocentesis.

The plasma catecholamine concentration was evaluated in umbilical venous blood obtained by cordocentesis performed in 77 fetuses for indications including: nonimmune hydrops; Rh incompatibility; intrauterine growth retardation; polyhydramnios; anomalies; immunological disorders, and possible viral infection. The pH as well as pO2 of the umbilical venous blood showed a notably significant negative correlation with the norepinephrine concentration (r = -0.5607, r = 0.4467); while pCO2 was also significantly correlated with the norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.4955). When the pCO2/pO2 ratio was tentatively put up for comparison, the ratio was undoubtedly better correlated (r = 0.60442) with the fetal norepinephrine concentration than any other biochemical variable. Moreover, the ratio over 2.0 suggests that fetal catecholamine values have reached abnormal levels.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1990

Purification of DNA ligases from mouse testis and their behavior during meiosis.

Two types of DNA ligase, I and II, have been purified approximately 4,000-fold from mouse testes and 500-fold from nuclei of mouse spermatocytes. DNA ligase I and II consisted of single polypeptides with molecular weights of 95,000 and 65,000, respectively, according to the estimation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the AMP-binding assay. Ligase activities were higher in premeiotic spermatogonia and spermatocytes than those in liver and bone marrow cells. Moreover, DNA ligase II showed rapid increase during meiotic prophase and a decrease in round spermatids. Since this behavior of DNA ligase II is consistent with that of m-rec and DNA polymerase beta, both of which have been shown to be involved in DNA recombination in meiotic cells, DNA ligase II might be an enzyme which works at the final step of meiotic recombination reaction.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1990

Metabolism of a new orally active dopamine prodrug, N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)dopamine (TA-870) and dopamine after oral administration to rats and dogs.

The metabolism of an orally active dopamine prodrug, N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)dopamine (TA-870) and of dopamine (DA), were studied by use of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identification and analysis of urinary and biliary metabolites after p.o. and/or i.v. administration to rats and dogs. The conjugated/free ratios of the metabolites were also determined. The urinary metabolites and order of the excretion in rats after p.o. dosing of TA-870 (30 mg/kg) were DA greater than homovanillic acid (HVA) greater than 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) greater than 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAC). Those in dogs (33.5 mg/kg p.o.) were DA greater than HVA greater than de-ethoxycarbonylated TA-870 (DEC-TA-870) not equal to DOPAC. The urinary metabolites and order of the excretion in rats after p.o. dosing of DA (12 mg/kg, equimolar dose to TA-870) were DA greater than DOPAC greater than HVA greater than 3-HPAC, while those in dogs (13.5 mg/kg) were DOPAC greater than DA greater than HVA. The composition of the main urinary metabolites of TA-870 are similar in rats and dogs but after p.o. dosing of DA, excretion of DOPAC in dogs is much (ca. 3 times) higher than that in rats. After administration of DA and TA-870, 3-HPAC was found as a novel metabolite of DA, which was thought to be formed by dehydroxylation of DOPAC or DA with intestinal flora.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Regulatory effects of epidermal growth factor and retinol on the glucocorticoid receptor level in cultured chick embryonic skin.

When undifferentiated skin from 13-day-old chick embryos was cultured in a chemically defined medium, glucocorticoid specifically decreased the dexamethasone-binding activity of the epidermal cytosol after 1 day of culture, 3 days before it induced formation of a cornified layer over the intermediate cells of the epidermis. The binding activity reappeared after removal of the steroid from the medium. This reappearance was inhibited by epidermal growth factor (EGF, 100 ng/ml). The Addition of 2 microM retinol resulted in a 3-fold increase in specific dexamethasone binding in the epidermal cytosol within 12 h with no change in the binding affinity. The inhibition of glucocorticoid-induced keratinization by retinol is due a to mechanism other than inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Biochemical evaluation of fetus with hypoxia caused by severe preeclampsia using cordocentesis.

Biochemical evaluation of the fetus using cordocentesis was performed in sixteen pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. In addition, FHR monitoring and Doppler flow velocimetry of the umbilical artery were examined in these cases before the cordocentesis. Other than blood gas and routine hematologic and biochemical examinations, catecholamine and hypoxanthine concentrations were also evaluated in some cases. According to the results it is obvious that the fetus of mother with severe preeclampsia is exposed to hypoxemia with the delta pO2, the difference from the mean in each gestation, of -22 mmHg. Especially, the prognosis of the severely growth-retarded babies with pO2 below 10 mmHg, or delta pO2 30 mmHg lower than the mean standard value, is poor. Among 16 babies, 4 with severe hypoxia or acidosis and growth retardation died perinatally. In contrast, severely growth-retarded babies without hypoxia or acidosis were alive. Since neither FHR monitoring nor Doppler velocimetry always reflect biochemical values of the fetus of a severe preeclamptic mother, hence the precise evaluation of fetal condition using cordocentesis is indispensable to determine the timing of the delivery and to prevent the neurological sequelae caused by hypoxia, especially when the fetal growth is retarded.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical and etiological study on juvenile periodontal disease].

Seven juvenile periodontally diseased patients were evaluated for clinical, microbiologic and local or systemic host factors. Three patients showed the localized from of periodontitis clinically and radiographically and by deep periodontal pockets associated with the molars and incisors. Four were in the generalized froms, in which in most cases all teeth were affected. The results in both diseased froms on the predominant cultivable subgingival microflora, the composition of which was not different from that in adult periodontitis, consisted of significantly increased proportions of Gram-negative anaerobic rods, Bacteroides sp. and B. gingivalis, Haemophilus sp. and H. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 1/3 of the localized and 2/4 of the generalized periodontitis. They were of no value in distinguishing activity that enhanced disease in the generalized from. Elevated serum IgG responses were noted with B. gingivalis. No markedly functional abnormalities of neutrophils from peripheral blood have been demonstrated, however it might function with systemic factors, like an insulin-dependent diabetes. Morphologic characteristics of the oral and periodontal tissue in localized periodontitis were that the pattern of destruction was confined to specific teeth groups characterized by extensive the bucco-lingual width ratio of the dental crown to alveolar bone width. These observations indicate that the generalized form of juvenile periodontitis lesions were associated not only with the presence of subgingival bacteria, but also with conditions such as local morphologic and systemic or constitutional factors, individual variation in relation to destructive and protective aspects of the defense mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Competitive action of a biological response modifier, PSK, on a humoral immunosuppressive factor produced in tumor-bearing hosts.

We investigated the effect of PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from the basidiomycetes Coriolus versicolor, on an immunosuppressive factor produced in tumor-bearing animals. Oral administration of PSK suppressed the growth of the tumor in C3H/He mice bearing X5563 plasmacytoma or MH134 hepatoma, but affected mice bearing MM102 mammary tumor little. PSK prevented the reduction in splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis caused by phytohemagglutinin that occurs in mice bearing X5563 tumors or MH134 hepatoma. The lymphocyte blastogenesis affected little by tumor or PSK in mice bearing MM102 tumors. The effect of sera on the blastogenesis of lymphocytes caused by phytohemagglutinin was different with different tumors in the C3H/He mice. Serum of mice bearing X5563 tumors inhibited blastogenesis, but serum of mice bearing MH134 hepatoma or MM102 tumors promoted it. The sera of mice bearing MH134 hepatoma contained both inhibitory and promotive factors; those of mice bearing X5563 tumors contained an inhibitory factor, and those of mice bearing MM102 tumors contained a promotive factor. The oral administration of PSK reduced the inhibition caused by the sera of mice bearing X5563 tumors. The promotive activity of sera from mice bearing MH134 hepatoma was augmented by PSK; that of sera in mice bearing MM102 tumors was not affected by PSK. Living Bacillus Calmette-Guérin did not have such effects in any of these mice. Serum immunosuppressive activity was also reduced by PSK in various tumor lines of rodents. These results suggest that PSK acts by reducing the activity of immunosuppressive factors produced in tumor-bearing hosts.

Administration, Oral↗