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Biomedical subjects

H Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to H Andersson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Bile acid malabsorption in children and adolescents with chronic colitis.

Bile acid malabsorption was measured as the fecal excretion of 14C after intravenous administration of carboxyl-14C-cholic acid and was studied in 31 patients, 8-17 years old, with chronic colitis. There were 15 patients with proven or probable Crohn's disease and 16 patients with ulcerative colitis. The mean excretion was 14.7% and 19.9%, respectively. The patients with moderate or severe inflammatory activity in the ascending colon, assessed by colonoscopy, had a significantly higher 14C excretion than the patients with no or mild inflammatory activity, 24.1% and 6.6%, respectively. These findings suggest that the ascending colon is more important in the preservation of bile acids than has usually been postulated. When the inflammation in this part of the colon is pronounced, the 14C excretion is high, independent of the type of colitis and the clinical disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous remission of dermatitis herpetiformis: dietary and gastrointestinal studies.

Out of 98 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) living in Gothenburg, 14 were in spontaneous remission (29% of the patients without gluten free diet). Eight of these volunteered for dietary interviews and further studies. They do not seem to differ from symptomatic DH patients in the frequency of HLA-B8, achlorhydria or small-bowel enteropathy. Their estimated mean daily intake of gluten was below 12 g in six. The mean gluten intake of the eight patients in remission is significantly less than in a group of 34 patients with dapsone-requiring DH on non-restricted diet. Urinary iodine excretion was low in five, all previously instructed to restrict their iodine intake. Dietary factors could thus be suspected to be responsible for some spontaneous remissions in DH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of wheat bran and pectin on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients.

The effect of addition of pectin or wheat bran to a constant low-fibre diet on bile acid and cholesterol excretion from the small intestine has been studied in ileostomy patients. The study was designed to minimize bacterial alteration of ileostomy contents. An addition of 15 g of citrus pectin increased bile acid excretion by 35 per cent (P less than 0.05) and net cholesterol excretion by 14 per cent (P less than 0.05) in six patients, while 16 g of wheat bran to another six patients caused no consistent change. Ileostomy fat excretion increased on the diet with added pectin (P less than 0.05) but not on that with bran. The results support the concept of dietary fibre exerting its effects on lipid metabolism by altering intestinal excretion of sterols.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Skull morphology after early craniotomy in patients with premature synostosis of the coronal suture.

The degree of normalization of the shape of the skull was studied in 12 craniosynostosis patients who had been treated with different types of craniotomies in infancy. Three diagnoses were represented: isolated bicoronal synostosis; Crouzon's syndrome; and Apert's syndrome; there were four subjects in each group. Selected cranial dimensions were measured on roentgencephalograms taken in infancy and at follow-up examinations at 2 to 3 years of age. The measurements were compared with control values obtained from patients with cleft lip. Cranial dimensions in the synostosis patients seldom corresponded well with the values of the controls, either before or after surgery. Cranial height, in particular, was increased, especially in patients with Crouzon's or Apert's syndrome. This resulted in modulus values above the control mean for 11 of the 12 patients at the follow-up examinations.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1986

Effect of different starchy foods in composite meals on gastric emptying rate and glucose metabolism. II. Comparisons between potatoes, rice and white beans in diabetic subjects.

Composite meals with mashed potatoes, polished rice or mashed white beans were administered to eleven diabetic subjects (seven Type II and four Type I). As earlier reported in non-diabetic subjects (Torsdottir et al., 1984) the difference in gastric emptying, measured by 51Cr-technique, correlated with the difference in blood glucose response when comparing the meals including mashed potatoes and polished rice, rs = 0.93 (P less than 0.01), but no such correlation was found after the meal with white beans.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A morphologic and fluorophotometric analysis of the corneal endothelium in type I diabetes mellitus and cystic fibrosis.

Seven patients with type I diabetes mellitus (Group 1), seven with normoglycemic cystic fibrosis (Group 2), seven with hyperglycemic cystic fibrosis (Group 3), and ten age-matched control subjects underwent corneal fluorophotometry and quantitative specular microscopy. Group 1 had background microangiopathic retinopathy but no evidence of proliferative disease by fluorescein angiography. Significant increases in mean corneal endothelial permeability and mean pump rate occurred in Group 1, indicating a defect in the endothelial barrier function early in type I diabetes mellitus. Similar significant increases in mean corneal endothelial permeability and mean pump rate occurred in both cystic fibrosis groups. The greatest increase was found in Group 3, suggesting a primary defect in the endothelial barrier function in cystic fibrosis, aggravated by the hyperglycemic state. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in Group 1, but both cystic fibrosis groups had smaller mean cell areas than did the control group. There were significant differences in the morphologic and functional correlations between Groups 1 and 3, suggesting different mechanisms for the increased endothelial permeability in these two disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cephalometric radiography and computed tomography in infants undergoing craniofacial surgery.

A program for preoperative workup and post-operative follow-up in children with craniofacial anomalies is described. Objective measurements were made with cephalometry and computed axial tomography. Improvement in length of the anterior cranial base and shape of the calvaria after surgery and growth was demonstrated in this manner in serial follow-ups. It was concluded that both cephalometry and computed tomography were essential for the diagnosis, surgical planning and follow-up for this group of patients.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1985

Ventriculoatrial or ventriculoperitoneal shunts in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children?

The data on all 881 primary or revision shunt operations performed on 158 paediatric patients treated in Gothenburg, Sweden from 1967 to 1984 and 101 patients treated in Oulu, Finland from 1968 to 1983 were pooled for the purpose of comparative evaluation of the function of ventriculoatrial (VA) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting was the method of choice in Gothenburg and ventriculoatrial shunting in Oulu. The results of the 723 operations (305 VA and 418 VP shunts) were evaluated as the other 158 operations were for ventriculostomas, shunt removals and other procedures. 80 children had exclusively VA shunts and 133 children had exclusively VP shunts. Irrespective of the method of analysis the VP shunts were more frequently infected. The estimated relative risk for obstruction of the shunt (Meyer-Kaplan method) was shown to be significantly higher in VA shunts, but only at a low level of statistical significance (p less than 0.1). All other shunt complications were distributed uniformly in both groups. There was, however, a trend towards a higher mortality among children with exclusively VA shunts. Therefore it was concluded that despite the higher risk for infection in VP shunts, these still should be considered a safer choice, as the complications of VA shunts present greater risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Influence of gluten-free diet on the gastric condition in dermatitis herpetiformis.

Achlorhydric atrophic gastritis occurs in approximately 25% of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). The effect of gluten withdrawal on the gastric condition was studied in 35 patients, with a control group of 20 patients continuing their habitual diet. Gastrointestinal examinations were performed initially and repeated after about 1 3/4 years. Adherence to the diet was confirmed by dietary interviews, improvement of malabsorption test results and intestinal villous structure, and decreased dapsone requirement. Neither the non-restricted diet nor the gluten-free diet had any effect on gastric morphology, the ability to secrete gastric acid, serum gastrin levels, or the frequency or titres of circulating parietal cell antibodies. The findings indicate that gluten is not responsible for the perpetuation of the gastric affection in DH, in contrast to the enteropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Colonic transit after fibre supplementation in patients with haemorrhoids.

Patients with haemorrhoids often complain of disturbed defaecation which might correspond either to too slow or too fast colonic transit. Colonic transit was determined using a new technique as the distribution of radiopaque markers on a film after a daily intake of 20 markers over 10 days. Nineteen out-patients with a history of haemorrhoids participated in the study. Colonic transit was measured before and after 6 weeks on a bran preparation (Fiberform, 10 g daily) or an ispagula bulk preparation (Lunelax, 10 g daily) in random order. The variation in the distribution of pellets in the colon within the groups was greater than during treatment with fibre preparations. In both cases a 'normalization' of the transit occurred with fibre. No difference was found between the effect of the two fibre preparations on colonic transit. Thus, such changes in transit could be anticipated when the dietary fibre of the diet is increased according to modern recommended dietary allowances.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Changes in food consumption and its nutritional quality when on a gluten-free diet for dermatitis herpetiformis.

Dietary intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated from diet history interviews in 30 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, before and after 18 months on a gluten-free diet. In spite of great changes in the intake of different foods, the mean intake of dietary fibre did not decrease. There was only a small decrease in the intake of iron in women, while the intake in men did not change. Patients with a previous high intake of gluten had indirect evidence of malabsorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of an elemental and two polymeric diets in colectomized patients with or without intestinal resection.

The absorption of nutrients and minerals from the small bowel on enteral diets of different composition has been studied in seven ileostomy patients without or with only minor (< 100 cm) distal small bowel resection (group A) and in nine patients with major (> 100 cm) resections, i.e. jejunostomies (group B). In group A, a moderate-fat polymeric diet (MF) was compared to a peptide-based low-fat elemental diet (PD). Nitrogen and potassium absorption was higher on the MF, while the absorption of other nutrients and minerals studied did not differ. In group B a low-fat polymeric diet (LF) was also tested. Jejunostomy volumes were higher on the PD diet compared to the polymeric diets, as were losses of sodium and potassium. Nitrogen absorption was lower on the PD diet. Comparison of the MF and LF polymeric diets showed equal energy losses, while jejunostomy volumes and sodium losses were higher on the MF diet. Calcium absorption was higher and balance better on the LF diet. We conclude, that (a) elemental diets offer no nutritional advantages in enteral feeding of patients with intact or impaired small bowel function, and (b) we suggest that a low-fat polymeric diet could replace elemental diets in patients with malabsorption.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

External hydrocephalus in infants.

External hydrocephalus means abnormal fluid accumulation in the subarachnoid space under increased pressure with no or slight widening of the ventricles. 9 children were investigated because of pathologically increasing head circumference and abnormal transillumination. PEG and/or CT showed widened sulci frontally, parietally and interhemispherically but no widening of the ventricles. 7 patients were subjected to exploratory craniotomy which disclosed a deep arachnoid space. 2 patients were shunted. All follow-up CT examinations showed normal conditions. We suggest that infants with clinical signs of hydrocephalus and CT picture of external hydrocephalus should not be treated with shunt. The widening of the subarachnoidal space will normalize. The rate of headgrowth will also normalize.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Factors regulating sodium balance in proctocolectomized patients with various ileal resections.

Patients subjected to proctocolectomy together with an ileal resection will lose increased amounts of sodium with the ileostomy excreta and may develop sodium and water depletion. Studies of sodium balance and measurements of renin activity, aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin in plasma were made in 23 such patients, 8 of them under metabolic-ward conditions while receiving various salt loads. Salt loss never resulted in subnormal sodium levels in serum. The earliest sign of salt depletion was a nearly total inhibition of renal sodium excretion, which could precede activation of the renin-aldosterone axis in these patients. Secretion of vasopressin remained unaffected by sodium-water depletion and by activation of the renin system. The routine monitoring of these patients should include measurements of renal sodium excretion. Measurement of renin and aldosterone levels should be used for evaluation of the severity of a sodium deficiency.

Adolescent↗