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Biomedical subjects

H Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to H Andersson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of different starchy foods in composite meals on gastric emptying rate and glucose metabolism. I. Comparisons between potatoes, rice and white beans.

Thirteen healthy subjects participated in the study. Three meals of equal energy content consisting of hamburgers and mashed potatoes, polished rice or white beans were studied. The various meals were labelled with 2.6 MBq 51Cr and gastric emptying was studied by a movable NaI (T1) detector. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured after an overnight fast and after ingestion of the testmeal. Gastric emptying of mashed potatoes was faster than that of polished rice (P less than 0.02) and of white beans (P less than 0.05). Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to the meal with mashed potatoes were greater than to that with polished rice (P less than 0.01), which also produced a greater glucose response than that with white beans (P less than 0.01). The correlation coefficient (rs) between difference in gastric emptying and difference in blood glucose or plasma insulin response was 0.95 (P less than 0.01) when comparing meals of mashed potatoes and polished rice. No correlation was found between gastric emptying and blood glucose or plasma insulin after the white bean meal. We conclude that glucose and insulin responses to potatoes and rice are strongly related to gastric emptying rate, but other factors dominate the control of these responses to white beans.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of the amount of dietary gluten on gastrointestinal morphology and function in dermatitis herpetiformis.

The individual daily intake of gluten was calculated in 45 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) on the basis of a depth interview about food habits. Gastric and small intestinal morphology and function were studied concurrently. Mean daily gluten intake was estimated to be 15 g, a figure which corresponds well to the average gluten intake in Sweden. There was a significant correlation between the degree of morphological mucosal changes of the small intestine and the quantity of gluten ingested. All patients with jejunal villous atrophy consumed more than 10 g gluten daily and all but one patient with normal jejunal villous structure had a gluten intake of less than 10 g/d. The findings suggest a dose-dependent effect of gluten on the intestinal mucosa. Conversely, the daily gluten intake was not correlated to gastric morphology, gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin levels or serum parietal cell antibodies. Patients with reduced ability to secrete gastric acid did not differ from the remaining patients in this respect. Whereas the coeliac-like enteropathy in DH seems to be caused by ingested gluten, the frequently occurring achlorhydric atrophic gastritis must be assumed to be of different immunopathogenesis.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1983

The effects of breads containing similar amounts of phytate but different amounts of wheat bran on calcium, zinc and iron balance in man.

The capacity of wheat bran to impair mineral absorption independent of its phytate content was studied by metabolic balance studies in man. Three breads were prepared, equivalent to white, brown and wholemeal, by adding bran in different quantities to white flour. Calcium, iron, zinc and sodium phytate were added to the loaves to make the amounts equal in all breads. Six healthy volunteers were studied for three consecutive 24-d-periods during which they ate a controlled diet, typical of that normally consumed in the UK but with 200 g bread/d. Only the type of bread changed between each dietary period. The phytate contents (mmol) of 200 g of each of the breads after baking were: white 2.3, brown 2.1 and wholemeal 2.2; non-starch polysaccharide contents (g) were: white 3.3, brown 10.9 and wholemeal 18.7. The increased amount of bran in the breads increased stool output in the expected way but no change was seen in Ca, Zn and Fe balance. Blood levels of these minerals remained unchanged. It is concluded that wheat bran and, in particular, the cell-wall polysaccharides of bran, are unlikely to exert a significant effect on mineral absorption in man, in amounts customarily eaten, independently of the effect of phytate present in the bran.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Impairment of visuo-vestibular interaction in humans exposed to toluene.

15 healthy volunteers were investigated in a vestibulo-oculomotor test battery during toluene exposure. The concentration was comparable to the threshold limit value. The results were compared to an identical air experiment. The intoxication caused an impaired visual suppression during a pseudo-random oscillatory swing test and also an increased saccade speed. Other vestibular-oculomotor parameters were normal. The findings are in accordance with our earlier study on styrene in humans, showing that the visual suppression test and the saccade test are sensitive parameters assessing neurotoxic influences by organic solvents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of a low-fat diet on mineral absorption in small-bowel disease.

The absorption of calcium, magnesium, and zinc was studied by the metabolic balance technique at two fat intake levels in nine patients with fat malabsorption. The net absorption of all three minerals was significantly higher from the 40-g fat diet than from the 100-g fat diet. The data indicate that the lower fat content was the main reason for the increased mineral absorption, although the low-fat diet contained larger amounts of the minerals studied than did the high-fat diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intestinal transit time in constipated and non-constipated geriatric patients.

Intestinal transit was measured by following a radioisotope capsule through the gut. The transit in 16 elderly patients with chronic constipation was compared with that in 16 patients of the same age and with 10 healthy younger people without constipation. Although the constipated patients generally had a slower total transit time through the gut, some old and young people without constipation also showed a slow total transit. Constipated patients had a significantly slower transit only through the rectosigmoidal part of the colon. It is also suggested that old age per se does not imply an increased transit time.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cephalometric radiography and computed tomography in infants undergoing major craniofacial surgery--a comparison.

Craniofacial growth after surgery in children is not completely understood. We have therefore formed a programme for pre- and postoperative studies with both roentgencephalometric- and computed tomographic investigations. This regimen results in overlapping information. Thus, an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods was made and exemplified in four patients. In our experience both cephalometry and CT are essential for the diagnosis, surgical planning and follow-up of surgically treated children with craniofacial anomalies. To minimize the radiation doses and the diagnostic procedures which in these cases often includes general anesthesia, patients with isolated, asymmetrical conditions such as plagiocephaly, might be followed with CT only, since roentgencephalometry can not add much information.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1983

Growth of the anterior cranial base after craniotomy in infants with premature synostosis of the coronal suture.

The effect of early craniotomy (age range: 1-6 months) on the growth of the cranial base was studied in 9 subjects with different types of premature synostosis affecting the coronal suture. In 5 of them the premature fusion involved only growth sites in the coronal suture growth complex, while the remaining 4 cases had a diagnosis of a craniofacial synostosis syndrome, such as Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer. In all but one of the patients, the craniotomy was not only extended down to the inferior orbital fissures but was also combined with the release of a free-floating fronto-supraorbital bone flap. Follow-up roentgencephalometry to ages ranging from 10 to 36 months indicated that the length and the growth of the anterior cranial base improved considerably after the craniotomy. However, complete normalization did not occur, especially in the subgroup with craniofacial synostosis syndromes. The mid-face of these patients also remained deficient in spite of the craniotomy.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1983

The effect of citrus pectin on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

The extent of hydrolysis of citrus pectin in the stomach and small intestine was studied by in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients. The effect of citrus pectin on ileostomy losses of fat, nitrogen, starch, sodium and potassium was also investigated as was its effect on the absorption of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. Six ileostomy patients were studied during 10 d while on a constant low-fibre diet supplemented with 15 g citrus pectin/d on days 5, 6 and 7. The constituents mentioned in (1) as well as neutral polysaccharides, uronic acids and Klason lignin were determined in the ileostomy contents and duplicate portions of the diet. Of the uronic acids derived from the citrus pectin 70-100 per cent was recovered in the ileostomy contents. The wet weight of ileostomy fluid increased by 314 g/24 h and dry weight by 24 g/24 h after consumption of 15 g citrus pectin. During the pectin period there was a significant increase in the amount of nitrogen, fat, ash, Na and K found in ileostomy contents, while the amount of starch was unchanged. During the pectin period the apparent absorption of Fe decreased significantly, while that of P, Ca, Mg and Zn remained unchanged. It is concluded that there is only limited digestion of citrus pectin in the stomach and small intestine. The slight increase in ileal output of nitrogen may either be due to decreased digestion and absorption of fat is more pronounced. In the 3-d study addition of 15 g pectin to the diet did not seem to impair the apparent mineral absorption from the small intestine except in the case of Fe.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect of wheat bran on the intake of energy and nutrients and on serum mineral levels in constipated geriatric patients.

The total intake of energy and nutrients was recorded during 5 consecutive d in ten constipated patients in a geriatric ward. Twenty grams of ordinary or low-phytate wheat bran was then added to their diet and the 5-d food intake was recorded after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The intake was generally satisfactory and decreased in only two women on bran treatment. The hospital diet had a high mineral content and calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron levels in serum did not decrease when wheat bran was added to the diet. Consequently no difference was found in serum mineral levels, when ordinary wheat bran was replaced by a low-phytate bran.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Morphology of rat prostatic lobes and seminal vesicles after long-term estrogen treatment.

The growth of the prostatic lobes and seminal vesicles of castrated rats was studied morphologically after long-term treatment with estradiol benzoate. Estradiol promoted slightly the growth of the prostatic lobes but more markedly the seminal vesicles, although it had catabolic effects as reflected in low body and levator ani weights. Histologically there was proliferation of the fibromuscular stroma. In the coagulating glands and seminal vesicles there was squamous metaplasia of the epithelium. The histological study also revealed features of special interest, i.e. mucoid epithelium of the coagulating glands. Electron-microscopical and histochemical studies of the mucoid epithelium showed that it had similar characteristics as goblet cells of the intestine of the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Total body water and total body potassium in patients with continent ileostomies.

Total body water and total body potassium were studied in 14 patients submitted to proctocolectomy six to 10 years after they had been provided with a continent ileostomy. Total body water was determined with an isotope dilution technique using tritiated water as a tracer. Total body potassium was determined by counting the gamma radiation from the naturally present nuclid 40K in a total body counter. The results were compared with 'normal values' produced by multiple regression analysis of data from 476 healthy controls which had been published earlier from the same laboratory. The investigations showed no signs of water or potassium depletion in patients with continent ileostomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The clinical effect of lumbar puncture in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Owing to all the difficulties involved in selecting patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus for shunt-operation, a cerebrospinal fluid-tap-test (CSF-TT) is introduced. Psychometric and motor capacities of the patients are measured before and after lumbar puncture and removal of 40-50 ml CSF. Patients fulfilling criteria for normal pressure hydrocephalus were compared to patients with dementia and atrophy shown by computed tomography. Normal pressure hydrocephalus patients showed temporary improvement after lumbar puncture. The extent of the temporary improvement appeared to be well correlated with the improvement after shunt operation. Accordingly, the CSF-TT seems to be of value when selecting those patients who will probably benefit from a shunt operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a low-fat diet and antidiarrhoeal agents on bowel habits after excisional surgery for classical Crohn's disease.

The effect of dietary restriction and/or antidiarrhoeal agents on the bowel habits in relation to amount of ileal resection was studied in 63 patients after excisional surgery for classical Crohn's disease. Satisfactory function, i.e. one to three bowel movements per day was achieved in all patients with a moderate distal ileal resection (less than 100 cm) after such treatment. One quarter of these patients preferred codein phosphate or diphenoxylate and about one half a low fat diet, either alone or in combination with the above mentioned drugs. About one quarter did not need any form of anti-diarrhoeal therapy. In patients with a more extensive distal small bowel resection (greater than 100 cm), codein phosphate or diphenoxylate was mostly ineffective to control diarrhoea. However, by means of a low fat diet satisfactory bowel habits were achieved in the majority of these patients, although many of them had to combine this treatment with additional amounts of anti-diarrhoeal drugs. Thus, the result was considered unsatisfactory only in three of the 17 patients receiving such a treatment. Two of these patients were previously cholecystectomized however, and the third patient had been subjected to an almost 80% small bowel resection. Low fat diet appears to be an effective therapy for regulation of the disturbances in bowel function occurring after ileal resection and has a particularly important place in patients with extensive resections.

Antidiarrheals↗