Effect of H2 receptor- and muscarine receptor antagonists and prostaglandin E1 analog on the gastric mucosal hemodynamics and oxygen sufficiency in rats.
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Alprostadil↗
Biomedical subjects
H Abe
Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.
Evaluation of left ventricular performance during sympathetic nervous storm in a case with severe tetanus by transesophageal M-mode echocardiography.
Transesophageal M-mode echocardiography was applied for the evaluation of left ventricular performance in a case of severe tetanus with labile hypertension due to sympathetic nervous 'storm'. When systemic blood pressure was elevated, increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular enddiastolic diameter, fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were noted. No changes were found in total peripheral vascular resistance or left ventricular endsystolic diameter. Positive pressure ventilation, rendered standard transthoracic echocardiography ineffective.
Blood Pressure↗
A mathematical insulin-secretion model and its validation in isolated rat pancreatic islets perifusion.
A mathematical insulin-secretion model was constructed by analyzing the glucose-induced insulin secretion using a control theory. To validate the model, experimental data obtained in the isolated rat pancreatic islet perifusion system were compared with the simulation results. The simulation study of the model was found to fit quite well to insulin responses under various experimental conditions. A glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic islets' beta cell was found to be expressed as a function of proportional plus derivative response to glucose input with the first order time lag. And the negative rate of change in glucose concentration was found to suppress insulin secretion to the extent of the negative stimuli, regardless of glucose concentration. This model would be useful as a research tool for analysis of physiological significance of insulin secretory dynamics and clinical investigation of insulin secretion.
Animals↗
Computer-assisted education system for arrhythmia (CAESAR).
A computer-assisted education system for arrhythmia (CAESAR) was developed for students to acquire the ability to logically diagnose complicated arrhythmias. This system has a logical simulator of cardiac rhythm using a mathematical model of the impulse formation and conduction system of the heart. A simulated arrhythmia (ECG pattern) is given on a graphic display unit with simulated series of the action potential of five pacemaker centers and the "ladder diagram" of impulse formation and conduction, which show the mechanism of that arrhythmia. For the purpose of the evaluation of this system, 13 medical students were given two types of tests concerning arrhythmias before and after 2-hr learning with this system. The scores they obtained after learning increased significantly from 73.3 +/- 11.9 to 93.2 +/- 3.0 (P less than 0.001) in one test and from 47.2 +/- 17.9 to 64.9 +/- 19.6 (P less than 0.001) in another one. These results proved that this CAI system is useful and effective for training ECG interpretation of arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Improvement of cerebral blood flow and/or CO2 reactivity after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass in patients with transient ischemic attacks and watershed-zone infarctions.
The effect of extracranial-intracranial bypass anastomosis on cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity during hypocapnia was investigated in ten patients with transient ischemic attacks or watershed infarctions due to carotid occlusive diseases. Six patients had occlusion and four had stenosis (greater than 50%) of the internal carotid artery. Those with infarctions had increased cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity postoperatively, and improved clinically. Those with transient ischemic attacks due to stenosis (greater than 50%) of the internal carotid artery had increased CO2 reactivity postoperatively but constant normal regional blood flow. Cerebral blood flow improved in those with poorer flow, CO2 reactivity increased in those with better reactivity, and better CO2 reactivity preoperatively brought about a greater flow increase. The pre- and postoperative evaluation of cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity is believed to be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of bypass anastomosis. Preoperative evaluation might be informative in selecting candidates for bypass.
Aged↗
Establishment and characterization of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line.
Ascitic fluid was obtained from a patient with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. The cells obtained from the fluid were cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 15% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C under humidified 5% CO2 and 95% air. Epithelial colonies grew rapidly in the primary culture and we were able to remove them from the dish without contamination of fibroblastic cells. In the subculturing process, the cells were allowed to proliferate for over 2 years, developing 40 transfer generations. The morphology, chromosomes, and hormonal responses of the ensuing cell line were then documented.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Reduction of prostacyclin synthesis as a possible cause of transient flow reduction in a partially constricted canine coronary artery.
Coronary blood flow decreases cyclically in a partially occluded coronary artery of anesthetized dogs. Spontaneous aggregation and deaggregation of platelet plugs in the constricted artery have been indicated to be responsible for this phenomenon. A current hypothesis is that platelet aggregation may be determined by a balance between proaggregatory platelet product, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and antiaggregatory substance, prostacyclin (PGI2). To elucidate the relationship between the cyclical reduction of coronary flow (CRCF) and metabolic alterations of TXA2 and PGI2, we attempted to determine the plasma levels of their stable catabolites, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), in the coronary circulation of 69 dogs. Of 40 cases, 20 cases exhibited CRCF accompanying a significant increase in TXB2 in the coronary sinus (CS) (P less than 0.05) and constant levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the CS and aorta (Ao). Another 20 cases did not exhibit CRCF that accompanied a marked increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P less than 0.05) with virtually no change in TXB2 in the CS and Ao. A higher dose of indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) was capable of evoking CRCF in cases not exhibiting CRCF spontaneously. Under these conditions, a significant decrease in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was seen both in the CS and Ao compared with lower doses of indomethacin (1 to 3 mg/kg, P less than 0.01), that produced less pronounced reduction of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha without CRCF. Intravenous infusion of PGI2 (0.1 microgram/kg/min.) completely abolished spontaneously and indomethacin-induced CRCF with a marked elevation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the CS and Ao. Although OKY-1580, a TXA2 synthetase inhibitor, relieved spontaneously-evoked CRCF with a marked increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and a slight reduction of TXB2, indomethacin-induced CRCF was not abolished by this agent. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduction of endogenous PGI2 synthesis in the vascular wall is related to the occurrence of CRCF after partial constriction of coronary artery and indomethacin.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Diurnal changes in synaptic ribbons of rod cells of the turtle.
Diurnal morphological changes in synaptic ribbons of the rod cells of the turtle were revealed by electron microscopy with serial ultrathin sections. Freshwater turtles (Pseudemys) were maintained under the light-dark cycle with lights on from 0600 to 1800 hr. Retinas around the posterior pole of the eyeball were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetroxide. In total, 124 rod cells and several hundred cone cells were observed. At 0000 (midnight), ribbons are situated close to and perpendicular to the presynaptic membrane. They show single stick-shaped profiles on thin section. From midnight toward noon, the stick-shaped ribbons grow into large multilayered ribbon complexes composed of several sticks arranged parallel to each other. Then, the ribbon complexes begin to disintegrate into irregular fragments from noon toward night. At 1900, aggregates of rounded or club-shaped ribbons are predominant.
Animals↗
Immunoreactive glucagon in the smooth muscle cells of the rat cerebral artery: an immunohistochemical analysis.
The presence of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) in a smooth muscle of the cerebral arteries of rats was demonstrated immunohistochemically using two antisera against pancreatic glucagon, OAL -123 and Unger 's 30K . Based on the results and on our previous radioimmunoassay and gel filtration study, the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels may be one of the extrapancreatic sources of IRG in the plasma.
Animals↗
Purification and characterization of a tuberculin-active substance from Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
A new tuberculin-active substance, designated TAS-1D3, has been purified from the extract of Mycobacterium bovis BCG by precipitation at pH 4.2, ethanol fractionation, and column chromatography involving CM-cellulose, QAE-Sephadex A-25, Sephadex G-100, and Sephadex G-75. TAS-1D3 was homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and positive in both Coomassie brilliant blue and periodic acid-Shiff staining, suggesting that TAS-1D3 is a glycoprotein. The molecular weight of TAS-1D3 was estimated to be 26,000 by gel filtration. In amino acid analysis, TAS-1D3 was distinctive in having proline as a dominant amino acid, and in that it lacked basic amino acids, sulfur-containing amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Moreover, TAS-1D3 was almost devoid of absorption at around 280 nm. In guinea pigs sensitized with BCG vaccine, the tuberculin activity of TAS-1D3 was about forty times more potent than that of purified protein derivative (PPD).
Amino Acids↗
Calcium behavior in endotoxin-poisoned mice: especially calcium accumulation in mitochondria.
A possible role of intracellular Ca2+ and participation of calmodulin in cellular metabolism in endotoxin-poisoned mice were investigated. The levels of calcium in liver cytosol and liver mitochondria fractions in poisoned mice were markedly higher 18-48 hr after endotoxin injection than in the control mice. On the other hand, the levels of serum calcium in the poisoned mice were about 20% lower at 18 hr than in the controls. The serum calcium levels in mice injected with 50 and 100 micrograms of endotoxin showed no dose-response effect, but a dose-response effect was observed at a dose of 200-400 micrograms. The serum Ca2+ levels in endotoxin-tolerant mice were similar to those in the control mice. The levels in mice injected with glucocorticoid-antagonizing factor mice were about 14% lower at 3 hr than in the controls. The mice fed a vitamin D3- and calcium-free diet showed a higher mortality rate in the early stage (12-18 hr) of endotoxication than that of the mice fed a normal diet. The lipid peroxide levels and Ca2+-ATPase activity in the liver mitochondria fraction in endotoxin-poisoned mice showed a higher level than those of the control mice. There was little or no difference in the levels of serum glucose between the mice injected with calmodulin antagonist (trifluoperazine, TFP) plus endotoxin and those given endotoxin alone. However, the liver glycogen levels in TFP plus endotoxin-treated mice were markedly higher than that in mice given endotoxin alone. Furthermore, calcium antagonist (verapamil) plus endotoxin-treated mice had about a 40% higher survival rate after 72 hr than those given endotoxin alone. The findings suggest that there is a possibility of participation of the Ca2+-calmodulin system in carbohydrate metabolic disorders during endotoxemia and that the changes in intracellular Ca2+ may result in various metabolic disorders.
Animals↗
Atypical polysplenia only with absence of the hepatic segment of inferior vena cava in a middle-aged.
An autopsy case of polysplenia with absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava in a 53-year-old female is reported. The venous blood from the lower parts of the body was drained through the azygos vein and the superior vena cava into the right atrium. Other than acquired pathological change, the heart was found to be normal. Except for the partial absence of the inferior vena cava, isomerism of asymmetric organs, and heterotaxia of abdominal organs, characteristic of typical polysplenia, were not present. This case of atypical polysplenia suggests the presence of a transitional form in the complex.
Azygos Vein↗
Relapsing polychondritis. Pathological and immunological findings in an autopsy case.
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the destruction of cartilage. A case of RP in a 59-year-old male was autopsied, and systemic inflammation of various cartilages was confirmed. We demonstrated the circulating antibodies to Type II (cartilage) collagen. No antibodies to other collagen types were demonstrated. The presence of granular deposits of immunoglobulins, fibrinogen, and the C3 component of complement at the chondrofibrous junction was also demonstrated. From these findings, this case suggested that the pathogenesis of RP is related to an immune mechanism.
Adult↗
Differential effect of cerebral ischemia on monoamine content of discrete brain regions of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
The effect of bilateral cerebral ischemia on noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin concentrations in six brain regions (i.e., the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain-diencephalon, cerebellum, and pons-medulla oblongata) was examined in the gerbil stroke model. The relative changes in regional cerebral blood flow after bilateral common carotid occlusion were also assessed using the radioactive microsphere technique. At 1 h after bilateral carotid occlusion, a significant decrease of monoamine concentration was observed in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain-diencephalon whereas no significant change was detected in the cerebellum and pons-medulla oblongata. The fall in NA content was most prominent in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and percentage reductions of dopamine and serotonin were greatest in the striatum and cerebral cortex, respectively. These results suggest that the monoamine neurons in various brain regions might have different vulnerabilities to ischemic insult and show no evidence of transtentorial diaschisis.
Animals↗
New acute peritoneal dialysis technique: wire-guide insertion and long-term indwelling of peritoneal catheter.
This paper presents the application of wire-guide insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter. 30 patients who required acute peritoneal dialysis were treated using a total of 37 peritoneal catheters with the wire-guide method. The catheters were left in place as long as possible (periods totalling 644 days in all). The complication of insertion was minor bleeding with blood-tinged dialysate that tended to clear spontaneously in a few days. Leakage occurred in 17 indwelling catheters but did not occur on the days of insertion. There were 3 episodes of clinical peritonitis, so the infection rate was 1 episode every 7 patient-months. This technique is safer and simpler, i.e. the incidence of peritonitis is lower in long-term indwelling catheters, and so it will contribute to the wider and earlier utilization of peritoneal dialysis.
Adult↗
Ejection timing as a major determinant of left ventricular relaxation rate in isolated perfused canine heart.
In the present study, we attempted to test the hypothesis that ejection timing rather than peak left ventricular pressure is a primary determinant of ventricular relaxation rate. In cross-circulated isolated canine hearts instantaneous left ventricular volume was controlled by a servo-pump system. To eliminate the effects of end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes and ejection velocity on left ventricular relaxation rate, these parameters were clamped, and only the ejection timing (onset and end of ejection) was altered, keeping the duration of ejection unchanged. Left ventricular relaxation rate was assessed by time constants of left ventricular pressure decline during the isovolumic relaxation phase calculated by both a semilogarithmic method, assuming that the asymptote is zero, and a best exponential fitting method. In 25 runs, a pair of contractions with ejection timings which differed by 53.1 +/- 2.1 (SE) msec were imposed, while end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular volumes and ejection duration were unchanged. All pairs of contractions demonstrated early ejection resulted in significantly (P less than 0.001) slowed relaxation as indicated by a prolongation of the time constants of isovolumic left ventricular pressure decay (delta 4.2 +/- 0.7, sec and delta 15.4 +/- 2.1 msec by semilogarithmic plot and the best exponential fit respectively), although peak left ventricular pressures (104.6 +/- 2.4 mm Hg) were even lower than those (116.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) in contractions with later ejection timing. Furthermore, in seven experiments, the heart was allowed to eject at five different timings; onset and end of ejection were progressively delayed in steps of 20 or 30 msec.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Indomethacin blunts the orthostatic increase in plasma aldosterone in glomerulonephritis.
To determine factors mediating the aldosterone secretory response to orthostasis, we examined the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on orthostasis in eight normal subjects and 10 normotensive patients with primary glomerulonephritis ingesting a normal sodium intake. On standing with CEI, the mean plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) did not change [68.6 +/- 3.9 (+/- SE) and 63.4 +/- 6.9 pg/ml] in normal subjects, while PAC rose significantly from 72.3 +/- 7.5 to 129.5 +/- 13.2 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) in the glomerulonephritis patients without a concurrent rise in plasma angiotensin II, serum potassium, plasma ACTH, or mean blood pressure. There was a good correlation (r = -0.7064; P less than 0.03) between the changes in PAC and the changes in fractional sodium excretion in the patients. Pretreatment with indomethacin blunted the rise in PAC from 159.0 +/- 21.5 to 63.3 +/- 10.2 pg/ml upon standing with CEI, without a concurrent change in circulating 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (from 57.7 +/- 9.5 to 56.0 +/- 11.1 pg/ml) in 4 patients. These results suggest that the aldosterone secretory response to orthostasis in patients with glomerulonephritis is dependent on factors blunted by pretreatment with indomethacin in addition to angiotensin II.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
The functional characteristics of cultured rat mesangial cell.
Glomerular mesangial cells were isolated from explants of normal rat whole glomeruli according to the differential growth capacities of the cultured cells. The cultured mesangial cells comprised almost all of the grown cells on day 21 of the primary culture when the subculture could be performed. They contained abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments and actin. The contractile response to vasoactive hormone of both primarily cultured and subcultured mesangial cells was quantified as a decrease in cell surface area. The maximum decrease in surface area in response to 1 nM of angiotensin II was about 30%. This magnitude of contraction is consistent with that observed in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. The mesangial cells did not phagocytose horse-radish peroxidase or sensitized sheep red blood cells, nor did they have binding capacities for Fc or C3b, while the cells derived from explanted glomerulus and probably of blood-born monocyte origin did. We conclude that the most important function of the glomerular mesangial cell is the control of glomerular blood flow and filtration by contraction.
Angiotensin II↗