Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Wolf.
Mammography was carried out in 3,500 patients. Of these 1,800 were examined with plate-thermography and in 450 cytology was done. 12 cases of "small" (10 mm) Ca were found, in 3 cases with thermography. In 4 cases thermography was negative, in one case for technical reasons. Mammography is the method of choice, thermography and cytology are valuable aids.
A study was conducted to determine whether mannosyl retinyl phosphate occurred in rat liver and intestine in vivo, and, if so, to partially purify it and investigate its properties. After injection of [(3)H]retinol and [(14)C]mannose, a chloroform-methanol 2:1 extract of rat liver and small intestinal mucosa yielded two (3)H/(14)C-labeled peaks on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography: peak I eluted with 10 mM and peak II eluted with 29 mM ammonium acetate. Peak II, subjected to silicic acid column chromatography, gave principally two (3)H/(14)C-labeled fractions, one eluted with chloroform-methanol 2:1 and the other with chloroform-methanol 1:1. The latter showed, on thin-layer chromatography in a chloroform-methanol-water 60:25:4 system, an R(f) of 0.25 (with coincidence of the (3)H and (14)C radioactivity), which is identical to the R(f) of authentic mannosyl retinyl phosphate. The chloroform-methanol 1:1 peak, on mild acid hydrolysis, yielded [(3)H]retinol (identified by two thin-layer chromatography systems), [(14)C]mannose, and [(14)C]-mannose phosphate (identified by paper chromatography). On mild alkali hydrolysis, the peak yielded [(3)H]retinol and [(14)C]mannose phosphate. The substance eluted in the chloroform-methanol 1:1 peak from silicic acid was therefore concluded to be mannosyl retinyl phosphate. When chromatographed on silicic acid, peak I from the DEAE-cellulose column primarily showed a fraction eluted with chloroform-methanol 2:1. When chromatographed on thin-layer plates in the above solvent, this fraction showed an R(f) of 0.3, with coincidence of (3)H and (14)C radioactivity; it was resistant to mild acid hydrolysis, mild and strong alkali hydrolysis, and glucuronidase action. Mannosyl retinyl phosphate occurs, therefore, in vivo in liver and intestinal mucosa, and it is accompanied by a closely similar, though slightly less polar, compound that remains unidentified.
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The difficulties of neurological examination techniques are often over-estimated. It is feared that the large number of individual symptoms cannot be disentangled. But if the principles of classification are known, the individual findings can easily be interpreted and evaluated. If several functions are disordered the disturbance must be sought where the tracts or groups of cells serving these functions lie close together. The investigation of motoricity and sensitivity, the testing of reflexes, coordination, cerebral nerves, circulation in the head and the higher cerebral functions are presented in detail. The significance of the simple clinical examination is considerably increased if the individual symptoms can be seen as an integrated whole.
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The cytostatic activity of N'-methyl-N'-beta-chloroethylbenzaldehyd hydrazone (B1) is at least equal to that of procarbazine when its effect is tested with the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells of the mouse and the Yoshida sarcoma of the rat. B1 causes a slighter decrease of mitotic cells and no shift from prophase to metaphase. These results suggest that the cytostatic effect of B1 is due to interference with cell metabolism or an effect at the cell membrane and not to an effect on cell proliferation. This assumption is supported by a considerable depression of lymphocytes and a minor effect on granulopoiesis, which is especially sensitive towards proliferation toxins. All these findings suggest a different mechanism of action of B1 and procarbazine.
In a comparative study the lipoquinones of some chemoorganotrophic, facultatively aerobic bacteria, and representative Acholeplasma, Mycoplasma, Spiroplasma, and Thermoplasma strains were investigated. The quinones were partly purified by preparative thin layer chromatography of lipid extracts, and characterized by their difference spectra (reduced minus oxidized) and Rf values. Respiring bacteria expectedly contained benzoquinones and/or naphthoquinones in micromolar concentrations whereas some aerotolerant, cytochrome-less, gram-positive bacteria were found to contain menaquinones in nanomolar concentrations, or even no quinones; only Streptococcus faecalis, an organism supposed to use a rudimentary, flavin-terminated respiratory chain system produced desmethyl menaquinone in amounts ranging between "high" and "low" quinone contents. Among the mycoplasmas investigated, only Thermoplasma acidophilum was found to be capable of synthesizing quinones (MK-7) in the micromolar order of magnitude indicating a respiratory electron transport system. The presence of energetically useful respiratory chain systems in Acholeplasma, Mycoplasma, and Spiroplasma is questioned since these organisms contain quinones (MK-4) in nanomolar concentrations, or no quinones, depending on the presence of exogeneous MK-6 in the growth medium. The possible metabolite role of menaquinones present in "low" amounts, as well as the role of NADH oxidase systems more or less tightly bound to the cytoplasmic membrane with the mycoplasmas deserves further investigation.
The organizational and statistical concept of the cooperative randomized controlled clinical trial on gnotobiotic care and its effect in acute leukamia patients is described. The purpose is the clarification of the concept of the study and the comparison with other studies on the same subject. It is concluded that the value of the results and of the decisions based on them depend mainly on the statistical design, the protocol, and the performance of a study. The performance of a controlled study depends on its organizational details, its monitoring, documentation, and appropriate biometric evaluation. In this particular study it proved fruitful that a statistician was engaded in the evaluation and also in developing the protocol and in carrying out the study.
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The rat brain can be hardened instantly by in vivo perfusion of the head with 50 ml of 50% Formalin followed by 50 ml of 10% sucrose-formalin. The brain can be sectioned on the freezing microtome immediately after the above perfusion. With routine staining procedures for unmounted sections histological slides of excellent quality can be prepared within an hour after perfusion.
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Upon incubation of [14C]mannose-labeled mannosyl retinyl phosphate with a membrane fraction from rat liver, mannose was transferred to an endogenous acceptor precipitable withchloroform/methanol to the extent of about 7%. The reaction proceeded linearly with time for 120 min at a pH optimum of about 7.0. The acceptor thus labeled with mannose could be solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate/mercaptoethanol. More than half of this acceptor appeared in the void volume of a Sephadex G-100 column. When it was digested with Pronase, a substantial proportion of it appeared between the void and bed volumes of a Sephadex G-100 column, thus indicating that it was a glycopeptide. In high-voltage paper electrophoresis, this glycopeptide moved to the cathode at low pH and to the anode at highpH. When digested with highly purified jack bean alpha-mannosidase, the glycopeptide released almost 50% of its radioactivity as mannose. That this transfer of mannose to glycoprotein from mannosyl retinyl phosphate does not take place via dolichyl mannosyl phosphate was shown by the fact that it is Mn2+ and Mg2+ independent, it is not inhibited by the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of nonradioactive GDP-mannose, and neither 14C-labeled dolichyl mannosyl phosphate nor 14-C labeled lipid pyrophosphoryl oligosaccharide could be detected during the incubation.
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In fetal rats neurophysin has been visualized immunohistochemically first at the 16th gestation day in perikaryons of the supraoptic nucleus, followed by the median eminence and the neurohypophysis at the 17th day, and the paraventricular neurons at the 19th day. The external zone of the median eminence contains abundantly immunoreactive fibres at the first days post partum. In the perikaryons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus immunoreactive material appears after the 3rd day of postnatal development.
In a comparative study new antiinflammatory agents, like sodium-(3-[(2,6-dichlorephenyl)-amino5-phenyl)-acetate (diclofenac); d,l-2-(3-phen0xy-phenyl) propionic acid (fenoprofen); 2-(3-benzoxyl-phenly-propionic acid (ketoprofen); cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylsulfinyl) benzylideryl-3-indenyl-acetic acid (MK 231, sulindac); 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen/, showed nearly the same antiiflammatory effectiveness as 5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-indolyl-(3)-acetic acid (indometacin). In homogenates of inflamed rat paws an antiproteolytic activity of the new antiinflammatory agents was lacking.