Multiple functions of vitamin A.
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Absorption↗
Biomedical subjects
G Wolf
Publications and source records attributed to G Wolf.
Lesions of Schaffer's collaterals in the rat hippocampus affecting glutamate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the stratum radiatum of CA 1. A study with special reference to the glutamate transmitter metabolism.
Lesions of CA 3 derived axons, comprising Schaffer's collaterals, were carried out in order to destroy their presumably glutamatergic nerve endings within CA 1. After a survival time of 20 days part of the stratum radiatum of CA 1 displayed statistically significant reduction of histochemically demonstrable glutamate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity by about 19 and 25 per cent, respectively, whereas alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was not affected. These findings are consistent with current biochemical and histochemical results on the relation between several glutamate producing enzymes and glutamatergic structures suggesting that glutamate dehydrogenase plays a major role in glutamate transmitter metabolism.
Animals↗
Histochemical localization of aspartate aminotransferase activity in the hippocampal formation and in peripheral ganglia of the rat with special reference to the glutamate transmitter metabolism.
The regional distribution and cellular localization of aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), an glutamate/aspartate metabolizing enzyme, was studied in the hippocampal formation, in dorsal root ganglia, and in superior cervical ganglia during the postnatal development of the rat. In the dendritic layers of the hippocampal formation the enzyme activity was found to be very low in newborns, increased markedly from the second week of life and reached adult levels during the postweaning period. These results coincide with parameters of the maturation of glutamatergic structures in this brain region. The staining intensity of AspAT in the peripheral ganglia, in which glutamate/aspartate inputs do not obviously occur, did not display any evident differences during the postnatal development. The increase of AspAT activity parallel to the maturation of glutamatergic/aspartatergic mechanisms suggest that the enzyme studied is involved in glutamate/aspartate neurotransmitter metabolism.
Age Factors↗
[Age dependence of some hematological parameters in the Wistar:Schönwalde strain of white laboratory rat].
We investigated the haematological response to growth of male and female rats of an outbred stock of Wistar rats (Wistar:Sch onwalde ) from the 4th to the 18th week of age. There exists in some parameters a difference between both sexes. Most values of red blood picture are in close correlation to body weight. Our values differ from those in literature, especially in red blood picture. The possible causes are discussed.
Aging↗
[Tumor markers--possibilities and limitations].
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Alkaline Phosphatase↗
[Intensification of cytostatic action by radiosensitizers--a review of the present status of chemosensitization].
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Alkylating Agents↗
Re: the concentrated autologous tissue glue (CATG)
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Humans↗
[Evaluation of individual prognosis in sudden deafness].
Based on a recently published paper, we attempted to assess the individual prognosis for patients suffering from sudden deafness. We selected several factors of importance in the prognosis: Positive-Factors: no deafness, no vestibular dysfunction, therapy began within 4 days, and not more than one vascular risk factor. Negative-Factors: deafness, objective vestibular dysfunction, therapy began later than 21 days and more than one vascular risk factor. Every patient was examined and given a positive or negative score between +4 and -4. According to these results a good prognosis (in 70%) can be expected for patients with at least one positive factor, whereas poor prognosis was found (in 75%) of patients without a positive-factor.
Hearing Loss, Sudden↗
[Relevant prognostic factors in hearing loss].
An attempt is made to define some of the important factors in the prognosis of sudden deafness: 136 patients could be divided into four groups. Group 1 achieved complete recovery of auditory function, group 2 had good recovery, group 3 poor recovery and group 4 had no recovery of auditory function. Different parameters were compared on these four groups. Subjects treated as outpatients were also included to allow assessment of the long term results. There was no difference in therapy among these four groups. The following proved to be unfavourable prognostic factors: deafness, objective vestibular signs, delay in starting treatment, high number of vascular risk factors, and advanced age. The extent of the hearing-loss (with the exception of total deafness), subjective symptoms such as vertigo and tinnitus and radiologically demonstrated lesions of the cervical spine, had no influence on the prognosis. The late results showed a marked tendency for late improvement of the auditory function.
Adult↗
Gadolinium enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance images of experimental brain abscess.
Gadolinium-DTPA, a paramagnetic contrast agent that distributes throughout the body in a manner similar to diatrizoate, was intravenously administered to a monkey with a hematogenously induced experimental intracranial abscess. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and gadolinium enhanced saturation-recovery nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were both performed immediately and repeated after a 30 min delay. The NMR images revealed marked ring enhancement at a time when CT showed a nodule. Both imaging modalities were analyzed with respect to the pathological specimen. Gadolinium-DTPA may be an effective agent for imaging alterations of the blood-brain barrier.
Animals↗
[K- and NK-cells and their modification during therapeutic measures].
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Kainate resistant neurons in peripheral ganglia of the rat.
Neurons of dorsal root ganglia and of superior cervical ganglia did not display any morphological signs of degeneration when kainic acid (KA) was administered either systemically (20 and 40 mg/kg) or when it was directly injected (1 microgram). The KA doses used were sufficient to result in heavy destruction of hippocampal CA3/CA4 neurons and neurodegeneration of various brain regions after intracerebroventricular or local application, respectively. The resistance of the peripheral neurons to KA is discussed as a consequence of lacking glutamate inputs.
Animals↗
An evaluation of primary resection of the head of the femur with or without subtrochanteric angulation osteotomy.
Fifty-six patients, whose average age was 64 years and who had primarily undergone resection of the femoral head with or without subtrochanteric angulation, were examined clinically and by radiographs at an average of 11.5 years after the operation. The functional activity of the patients, the mobility and stability of the operated hip joint as well as the resulting shortening of the leg and the radiographic results were assessed. The result was very good in 9 patients and in 36 patients was good or satisfactory. Eleven patients had poor results. On the other hand 52 of the patients were subjectively satisfied with the late result of the operation, although they often felt that the hip was unstable and that one leg was shorter than the other. Muscular development played an important part in achieving the functional result. There was often an increase in mobility and stability after years had passed, especially in younger patients who persisted with active exercises after the operation.
Adult↗
[Concentrated autologous tissue glue].
Since 1980 an autologous tissue glue has been used for microsurgery and plastic surgery at the University of Graz, Clinic for Oto-rhino-laryngology. This tissue glue is made from the patient's own blood plasma. The advantages are: No danger of an immune reaction or infection by virus hepatitis, no storage problems, easy to synthesize, few expenses. Because of the low concentration of fibrinogen, the stability at the beginning of gluing, compared to the other tissue glues, was less. We succeeded in producing a new autologous tissue glue with a highly concentrated amount of fibrinogen, which provided a better stability at the beginning of gluing. According to application, the content of fibrinogen can be varied. The adhesiveness of the concentrated autologous tissue glue was tested and compared to another kind of homologous tissue glue.
Fibrinogen↗
Rat stereotaxic surgery without earbars.
Described here is a rat headholding device intended for use in stereotaxic surgery. The assembly consists of a mouthpiece that accommodates the upper incisors and fits against the lateral and occlusive surfaces of the upper molars and of a contoured extension that is clamped down against the snout. To determine whether the apparatus could provide adequate stereotaxic support, we compared measures of skull displacement during surgery when using the "snoutclamp" and when using conventional earbars. Although the snoutclamp did not hold the head as rigidly as the earbar assembly did, the loss of accuracy was small. We judge that the snoutclamp can be used effectively as an alternative headholding device for many applications of stereotaxic surgery.
Animals↗
Rat stereotaxic surgery without earbars.
Described here is a rat headholding device intended for use in stereotaxic surgery. The assembly consists of a mouthpiece that accommodates the upper incisors and fits against the lateral and occlusive surfaces of the upper molars and of a contoured extension that is clamped down against the snout. To determine whether the apparatus could provide adequate stereotaxic support, we compared measures of skull displacement during surgery when using the "snoutclamp" and when using conventional earbars. Although the snoutclamp did not hold the head as rigidly as the earbar assembly did, the loss of accuracy was small. We judge that the snoutclamp can be used effectively as an alternative headholding device for many applications of stereotaxic surgery.
Animals↗
Postnatal changes in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in the rat nervous system with special reference to the glutamate transmitter metabolism.
The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GIDH), the major glutamate metabolizing enzymes, were studied in hippocampal formation, cerebellar cortex, dorsal root ganglia, superior cervical ganglia and liver as a function of postnatal development. At birth, in all these nervous tissues the enzyme activities were quite low and showed similar levels (AAT 7-15 U/g wet weight; 0.18-0.23 U/mg protein; GIDH 3.4-13 U/g wet weight; 0.07-0.18 U/mg protein). Based on protein, AAT activity increased during the postnatal period studied 5.8 and 3.8 times in the hippocampal formation and cerebellar cortex, respectively, while the respective GIDH rise was 5.2 and 2.3 times. During postnatal maturation, enzyme activities in dorsal root ganglia showed only minor changes. In superior cervical ganglia, AAT and GIDH were remarkably constant. In liver the enzyme activities changed during postnatal development, but the activity curve profile was quite distinct from those obtained for brain regions. The steep rise of AAT and GIDH activities in brain regions is discussed as being a consequence of the maturation of preferably glutamatergic structures. Glutamatergic transmission processes obviously do not take place in superior cervical ganglia and dorsal root ganglia, and certainly not in liver. The present results suggest a quantitatively significant participation of glutamate transmitter metabolism in proportion to the whole glutamate metabolism of the CNS.
Aging↗
Zinc and glutamate dehydrogenase in putative glutamatergic brain structures.
A certain topographic parallelism between the distribution of histochemically (TIMM staining) identified zinc and putative glutamatergic structures in the rat brain was demonstrated. Glutamate dehydrogenase as a zinc containing protein is in consideration to be an enzyme synthesizing transmitter glutamate. In a low concentration range externally added zinc ions (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) induced an increase in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) originating from rat hippocampal formation, neocortex, and cerebellum up to 142.4%. With rising molarity of Zn(II) in the incubation medium, the enzyme of hippocampal formation and cerebellum showed a biphasic course of activation. Zinc ions of a concentration higher than 10(-6) M caused a strong inhibition of GDH. The effect of Zn(II) on GDH originating from spinal ganglia and liver led only to a decrease of enzyme activity. These results are discussed in connection with a functional correlation between zinc and putatively glutamatergic system.
Animals↗