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Biomedical subjects

G Williams

Publications and source records attributed to G Williams.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Idiopathic hypercalciuria: its control with unprocessed bran.

Eighty-four patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were entered into a study of the effects of treatment with unprocessed bran. Of 72 patients with complete data available for analysis 62 (86%) had a significant reduction in urinary calcium excretion during bran treatment and 28 (39%) returned their calcium excretion to within the normal range. Unprocessed bran is therefore an effective means of reducing urinary calcium excretion in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The management of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Fifty-one patients with pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated between 1958 and 1978. The overall 5-year survival rate was 16%. Ninety-two per cent of cancer deaths were caused by failure to control local disease; treatment by radiotherapy and elective cystectomy resulted in no long-term survivors. It is concluded that earlier diagnosis would reduce the number of cases presenting with advanced local disease and that future research should be directed towards adjuvant studies with chemotherapeutic agents known to have activity against bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of a zinc citrate mouthwash on dental plaque and salivary bacteria.

A double-blind crossover trial was carried out to assess the effect of zinc citrate on plaque accumulation in vivo and to measure total salivary aerobes and anaerobes both during the trial and throughout the day following a single rinse. When compared to the placebo, zinc citrate significantly reduced the plaque accumulation in the subjects. However, the mean reduction was small and of questionable clinical importance. A progressive increase in plaque was observed throughout both active and placebo 7-day rinsing periods. There was no significant reduction in salivary bacterial counts either during the crossover study or during the day following a single rinse with zinc citrate.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

IgM associated primary diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Twenty-three cases of IgM associated primary diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis are presented. In 18, IgM was the sole localising host immunoglobulin, and it was the predominant globulin in five; C3 was also present in 18. Light microscopy revealed variable diffuse and global mesangial proliferation in all cases, with additional focal global sclerosis in 16, focal segmental sclerosis in 15, and small capsular crescents in seven. Material for electron microscopy was available from 19 patients; in 13, occasional intramesangial electron dense deposits were identified, and in 18 there were irregular, rather ill defined areas of increased electron density in mesangial regions. Clinically, 14 patients presented with the nephrotic syndrome, and nine had asymptomatic proteinuria. During follow-up, only 10 patients showed no change in renal function or improved; the remainder showed increasing hypertension and/or renal function deterioration and four developed end stage renal failure. It is suggested that IgM associated mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis should be considered as a distinct clinicoimmunopathological entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of phenoxybenzamine on bladder neck opening.

A study of the effects of the action of phenoxybenzamine on bladder neck opening during micturition is reported. Twenty patients with symptoms of prostatism but minimal prostatic enlargement were studied. Bladder neck opening was measured radiographically. Phenoxybenzamine was shown to increase bladder neck opening by an average of 30% and give symptomatic relief. Minimal side effects were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Value of xenografts in the investigation of prostatic function: preliminary communication.

Two of 33 prostatic tumour xenografts were established and passaged. Testosterone supplementation did not improve tumour take rates. The histological grade of the parent tumour was the principal factor affecting xenograft survival. Preliminary studies on established tumour xenografts suggest that their value lies in the study of tumour biology, and that they have no direct therapeutic application at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Structure--activity relationship of inhibitors of hydroxyapatite formation.

The relative abilities of some compounds to inhibit the transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite were determined. Organic diphosphates, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, pyrophosphate, imidodiphosphate and 3-phospholycerate all inhibited to various degrees. Strong inhibition was observed with phosphonoformate, and phosphocitrate proved to be the most powerful of the inhibitors examined. On the basis of these new findings an improved concept of the structure--activity relationship of inhibitors is proposed and mechanisms for inhibitor action are discussed.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1979

Strong association between idiopathic membranous nephropathy and HLA-DRW3.

HLA A, B, and DR antigens were determined in a homogeneous group of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The frequency of HLA-DRW3 was significantly higher in the patients than in a control population. The frequencies of HLA B8 and B18, which are in linkage disequilibrium with DRW3, were also increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cimetidine in the treatment of peptic ulceration following renal transplantation.

Seven patients who developed peptic ulceration following renal transplantation have been treated by cimetidine. One died before its value could be assessed. The remaining 6 were symptom-free within 48 h. In 3 patients the ulcer appeared healed on gastroscopy, in one there was no change, another required operation for gastrointestinal bleeding 1 month after beginning cimetidine and the other patient has been lost to follow-up after 5 months' treatment. Two patients had a significant rise of serum creatinine whilst on the drug, but there is no evidence of increased immunological reactivity towards the graft and no agranulocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Chromosomal mutations causing resistance to tetracycline in Bacillus subtilis.

We have isolated, after ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis, several chromosomal mutations causing resistance to tetracycline in Bacillus subtilis. These mutations fall into two classics, tetA and tetB. 30 S ribosomal protein S10 shows an altered mobility on two-dimensional acrylamide gels in cells bearing the former type of mutation. Ribosomes from these cells show elevated levels of resistance to tetracycline in vitro as measured by polyuridine dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis. The tetA locus maps adjacent to the tuf gene in the B. subtilis ribosomal protein gene cluster. Cells with the tetB mutation do not show any altered ribosomal protein, and their ribosomes are as sensitive, in vitro, to tetracycline as ribosomes isolated from wild type cells. The tetB mutation has been mapped proximal to cysA14.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1979

The delayed appearance of an antinuclear factor and the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in glomerulonephritis.

In 11 patients who presented with apparently idiopathic glomerular disease the antinuclear factor (ANF) was absent initially but was eventually detected during observation extending over 6 years. In 4 patients a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has now been made and the disease treated. Of the remaining 7, 2 had conditions known to be associated with a positive ANF, and in 4, drug therapy induced the ANF. Clinical features, complement studies and measurement of anti-DNA antibody were of value in distinguishing those patients with SLE from the others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Severe anaemia in Port Moresby. A review of 101 adult Melanesian patients with haemoglobin level of 4G/100 ml or less.

Causes of anaemia in 101 adult Melanesian patients admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital over a 3-year period with haemoglobin levels of 4.0 gms per 100 ml or less were studied retrospectively. Cases of anaemia due to acute haemmorrage were excluded. Iron deficiency was found in 80, haemolysis in 39, megloblastosis in 26 and anaemia of chronic diseases in 5 patients. Anaemia was secondary to multiple causes in 56 and to a single cause in 45 patients. In the group with multiple causes, a combination of iron deficiency and haemolysis was found in 28, iron deficiency and megaloblastosis in 18, iron deficiency, haemolysis and megaloblastosis in 6 and haemolysis and megaloblastosis in 5 patients. In the group with a single cause, iron deficiency was found in 34, anaemia of chronic diseases in 5, haemolysis in 4 and megaloblastosis in 2 patients. Hookworm infestation and malaria appeared to be the major underlying causes of anaemia in the majority of these patients. Three of 45 patients who had received blood transfusions shortly after admission to the hospital died, while there was only one death in the nontransfused group. It is concluded that: i) severe anaemia in Papua New Guinea is commonly secondary to multiple causes; ii) administration of iron and folic acid as well as treatment for malaria and hookworm is a responsible approach when these patients can not be investigated; and iii) blood transfusion does not appear to be necessary in this group of patients despite a very low haemoglobin level.

Acute Disease↗