Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Williams

Publications and source records attributed to G Williams.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The changing U.S. labor force and occupational differentiation by sex.

The degree of occupational differentiation by sex in the U.S. labor force is examined utilizing various measures and occupational classifications over the period 1900-1970. A consideration of comparable occupations over time indicates that while occupational differentiation by sex is still substantial, an irregular, measurable decline in that differentiation has occurred during this century. Existing labor force structure seems relatively unimportant in explaining this ongoing change. Apparently more significant are social and historical factors as they have influenced specific occupations in certain decades.

Demography↗
PubMed1978

Blood pressure and valvular and congenital heart disease in Torres Strait Islanders.

Blood pressure levels were recorded in 1922 Torres Strait Islanders. Comparison with blood pressure levels of an Australian urban community which were recorded in the Busselton survey of 1972 shows that Islanders who are 20 years of age and over hav significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in both males and females. Systolic and diastolic pressure levels also increase in both males and females with age, as in the Busselton patients. Surprisingly, the "urbanized" Islanders have lower blood pressure levels than those who live in village communities in the outer islands. The reasons for this are to be investigated. Comparison with New Guinea Melanesians shows that the Islanders consistently have significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in both males and females in adult age groups. In addition the frequency of congenital and rheumatic valvular heart disease in a group of Torres Strait Islanders is reported. There is no evidence that the incidence of these lesions in the Island population is different from that reported in communities of European descent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Suburbia: a small obstetric hospital in Brisbane.

In a small suburban obstetric hospital, during the period from July 1, 1963 to December 31, 1970, 3760 private and intermediate patients were delivered by suburban general practitioners. The number of perinatal deaths in hospital were nine deaths per 1000 births, both live and still. During the same period, 4873 private and intermediate patients were delivered by suburban general practitioners in the private/intermediate section of a large centrally sited obstetric teaching hospital. The number of perinatal deaths in hospital were 18.9 per 1000 births, live and still. The reason for, and the implications of, these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Studies of elastic tissue formation in the developing bovine ligamentum nuchae.

The foetal ligamentum nuchae showed two distinct stages of development, each characterised by its cell population and fibre products. Fibroblasts of the early phase have extensive ergastoplasm apparently associated with collagen production; those of the late phase have an "attenuated" cytoplasm and coincide with an increase of elastic tissue content. The elastic fibre comprised a core of fine elastin fibrils (100--130 nm diameter) and a surrounding mantle of microfibrillar protein. As development proceeded, the elastin fibrils appeared to coalesce with each other and also with elastin fibrils from adjacent fibres to form composite mature elastic fibre--a process which was accompanied by a loss of microfibrils. A characteristic of elastic fibres from adult ligament, not apparent in the foetal tissue, was that of bifurcation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Transplantation for polycystic kidney disease.

Twenty-four patients with end stage renal failure due to polycystic renal disease have been treated with hemodialysis and transplantation. While on dialysis, the incidence of complications did not differ from a similar group of patients with other causes of renal failure. Bilateral pretransplant nephrectomy is not mandatory except in cases of persistent infection or hemorrhage. A much higher incidence of HLA A3 and HLA B7 was noted in patients with polycystic disease when compared with the general population. Following cadaver renal transplantation, kidney function was significantly better in patients with polycystic disease when compared with those with other forms of renal failure. Patient survival was the same in both groups. We conclude that hemodialysis and transplantation are acceptable forms of treatment for a patient with end stage polycystic renal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Neonatal transport: a controlled study of skilled assistance. Mortality and morbidity of neonates less than 1.5 kg birth weight.

To attempt to demonstrate the need for skilled care of sick neonates in transport, a modified randomized controlled study of infants being transported to this institution was carried out. Although special equipment was used, ambulances were not modified. Results of the first phase reported here show that infants weighing less than 1.5 kg at birth, transported by a trained physician and nurse, were significantly warmer, less hypotensive, and less acidotic on admission to the NICU. Mortality was significantly reduced, first week morbidity somewhat lessened, and duration of stay in hospital reduced by more than one third (P less than 0.01).

Ambulances↗
PubMed1978

Proliferative changes in the epithelium of the human lithiasic gallabladder.

Surgical specimens from 9 normal human gallbladders and from 9 lithiasic gallbladders were incubated in vitro with [3H]thymidine. Autoradiography was used to observe the cells in DNA synthesis in the mucosal epithelium. The percentages of labeled cells (labeling index) and of mitotic figures (mitotic index) were estimated. In the normal gallbladder, the labeling index was low and mitotic figures were exceptional; the labeled cells in the epithelium were observed against the basal membrane. In the lithiasic gallbladder, the labeling index was 23 times higher (P less than 0.01) and a definite number of mitotic figures was seen; the uptake of [3H]thymidine was not restricted to basal epithelial cells and occurred at any level of the mucosa. Our data showed that the proliferative activity was increased in the mucosa of the human lithiasic gallbladder. To the extent that the labelled cells against the basal membrane in the normal gallbladder represent the epithelial progenitors, our results also indicated modifications in the spatial distribution of labeled cells in the lithiasic gallbladder mucosa. Such concomitant quantitative and qualitative changes in cell kinetics could have a parallel in known precancerous conditions in the digestive tract.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1978

Virus accumulation by the rock oyster Crassostrea glomerata.

The accumulation of virus by the New Zealand rock oyster Crassostrea glomerata has been studied in a static seawater system using radioactively labeled reovirus type III and Semliki Forest virus. The uptake of virus was found to be less rapid than for the bacterium Escherichia coli and to be unaffected by the presence of the marine alga Dunaliella primolecta in the seawater. Accumulation was dependent on virus concentration, with saturation achieved at 4 X 10(10) reovirus particles per oyster, implying that an oyster possesses a large but finite number of sites for virus adsorption. When the rates of uptake of two viruses of similar size but differing surface properties were compared, the rate of accumulation of the lipoprotein-enveloped Semliki Forest virus was found to be less than that for the protein-enclosed reovirus. This observation, together with the finding that the oyster shell has a strong affinity for virus, suggests that surface properties, rather than size, are the principal factors governing the accumulation of viruses by filter-feeding marine bivalves.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1978

Detection, significance and treatment of paraprotein in patients presenting with 'idiopathic' proteinuria without myeloma.

This paper describes the detection of a paraprotein in blood or urine in 12 of 260 patients with 'idiopathic' proteinuria, most of whom presented with the nephrotic syndrome. None had myeloma at presentation and only two have developed it. Initial clinical and biochemical findings did not suggest paraprotein-associated disease, total serum globulins and individual immunoglobulin levels usually being in the normal range. In seven of the 12 cases the paraprotein was detected only after repeated analysis of serum and urine specimens over months or years. Renal histopathology varied from case to case and is described in detail; amyloid deposition did not occur in patients who excreted kappa chain Bence Jones protein and was extensive in only three. One of these eventually developed myeloma. Patients were aged 27--69 years at onset and were observed without specific therapy for up to 56 months. Glomerular filtration rate tended to decline and proteinuria persisted. All patients have now been treated by a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and prednisolone, in repeated short courses. In some patients, particularly those who had kappa Bence Jones protein, there was striking improvement. Overall survival is good, eight patients being alive 17--90 months after the onset of symptoms. The importance of repeated search for paraprotein in apparently idiopathic renal disease in adults is emphasized.

Adult↗