Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to G Taylor.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Lymphocyte reactivity of workers exposed to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals.

Immunological studies have shown an increased lymphocyte reactivity in patients with early stage bladder cancer and individuals with pre-stage T1 exposed to bladder carcinogens (2-naphthylamine and industrial 1-naphthylamine containing 4-8% 2-naphthylamine) before 1952-that is, those at high risk of developing bladder cancer. Because of the close chemical similarity of Tobias acid (2-naphthylamine-1 sulphonic acid) to 2-naphthylamine, the lymphocytotoxicity of workers exposed to this chemical was investigated. The results show that the workers using Tobias acid unlike those exposed to 2-naphthylamine have lymphocytes with a normal range of reactivity towards bladder cancer cells, which is in keeping with the suggestion that Tobias acid is non-carcinogenic. The probable reason for its non-carcinogenicity is that the relatively very large size and hydropholic properties of the sulphonic acid group prevents enzymic action on the amino group by steric hindrance. The present lymphocytotoxicity results strengthens our earlier conclusion that the observed increased lymphocyte reactivity in workers exposed to bladder carcinogens is specific.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1981

Complement and glomerular disease - a natural history study.

Over a 5-year period we have performed sequential measurements of a range of complement components in 127 patients. Each had a well-characterised glomerular lesion and there was no evidence of an underlying connective tissue disorder. In 17 patients with varied histopathology, who did not have C3 nephritic factor, there was a persisting complement defect which was present during remission in the patients we were able to study. The finding of such defects is consistent with the thesis that primary complement system abnormalities predispose to the development of glomerular lesions. Interestingly, these abnormalities did not influence the prognosis of our patients. In 12 other cases without C3 nephritic factor, complement levels were below the normal range when the glomerular lesion was active but returned to it in remission; these were secondary changes. We showed by discriminant analysis that some circulating complement component levels, assessed in relation to each other and without reference to a statistically derived 'normal' range, discriminated between histological subgroups and had prognostic significance as well. These patterns could not be distinguished until the data were stored and analysed by computer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1981

Serologic changes in pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis of coal workers.

Serum from 109 coal workers with simple pneumoconiosis, 114 with progressive massive fibrosis, and 130 with normal chest radiographics as control subjects was examined for rheumatoid and antinuclear factors, and antibodies against both native human IgG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A significantly greater prevalence of autoantibodies was observed in subjects with pneumoconiosis than in control subjects; however, a rheumatoid factor prevalence of 16% with observed inthe control subjects. No serologic differences were observed between subjects with simple pneumoconiosis and those with progressive massive fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Toward integrating psyche and soma: psychoanalysis and neurobiology.

The brain is the "key organ" for understanding mind/body/illness relationships. During the past two decades neurobiological research has generated a plethora of new data and concepts which have increased tremendously our knowledge of the functioning brain. As a result the psychoanalytic view of the relationship between mind and brain may seem at risk of becoming outmoded. Yet while psychoanalytic theory may no longer be wholly tenable, psychoanalysis continues to offer interesting and heuristically valuable isomorphic models of cortical function. On the other hand neurobiology provides a corrective influence on psychoanalytic concept-building, causing theory to be refined as it is tested against the results of research. One possible result of interdisciplinary cross-fertilization is that a revised theory of the function of dreams and fantasy may throw light on the vicissitudes of somatic experience, and the pathogenesis of psychophysiological disorder.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Alexithymic characteristics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Twenty patients with inflammatory bowel disease and twenty psychoneurotic patients were studied to assess differences in psychopathology, verbal expression and fantasy formation. The method combined clinical observation, self-assessment questionnaires and quantified projective tests. The psychoneurotic patients showed a higher level of psychopathology, were more verbally expressive, more able to verbalize emotion, and better able to modulate their emotions. Differences in fantasy formation were found. The results provide partial support for the concept of alexithymia (pensée opératoire), a cluster of cognitive traits which have been reported in many psychosomatic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The diabetogenic effects of streptozotocin in mice are prolonged and inversely related to age.

Single "subdiabetogenic" doses of streptozotocin (SZ), when given to young male CD-1 mice, produced a delayed onset of hyperglycemia dependent on the dose of SZ and on the age of the mice. The effect was markedly reduced or absent in older mice given the same dose of SZ per kg of body weight. Histologic examination of the pancreas of these animals revealed that SZ induced greater damage to the islets of the young mice compared with older mice. In addition to the characteristic findings of a decrease in insulin-containing cells and an increase in glucagon- and pancreatic polypeptide-containing cells there was evidence of new islet formation. Delayed-onset hyperglycemia was also induced in young inbred DBA/2J, C57BL/KsJ, and SWR/J mice with single SZ doses as well as with alloxan in young CD-1 mice, indicating that the effect was not specific for CD-1 mice not for SZ as the agent inducing beta-cell injury. The induction of beta-cell autoimmunity did not appear to be important in the delayed diabetogenic effect of SZ, since insulitis was rare and followed the onset of hyperglycemia when seen, and islet cell autoantibodies were not found. Rather, SZ induced more beta-cell destruction in young animals than in older mice, and the continued somatic growth of the former suggests that the delayed hyperglycemia was due to an out-growing of a reduced insulin supply. That mild to severe diabetes could be induced by the same dose of SZ/kg, depending only on the age of the mice when SZ was given, may have implications for understanding the apparent heterogeneity of human diabetes mellitus.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Protection of mice against Mycoplasma pulmonis infection using purified mouse immunoglobulins: comparison between protective effect and biological properties of immunoglobulin classes.

Purified mouse immunoglobulins with specific activity against Mycoplasma pulmonis were examined for their ability to protect mice against intranasal (i.n.) infection with this organism. The survival of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of mice inoculated i.n. with M. pulmonis mixed with either IgG1, IgGa, IgG2b or IgA antibodies was less than that seen in control animals inoculated with mycoplasmas mixed with normal mouse serum. The ways in which the immunoglobulin fractions could have mediated resistance were examined in vitro. IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody fractions killed M. pulmonis in the presence of guinea-pig complement, and also promoted the phagocytosis of M. pulmonis by mouse lung macrophages. In contrast, IgA antibody did not appear to be either mycoplasmacidal or opsonic.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

"Stone heart" in a neonate.

A neonate presented at this institution in September, 1978, with interrupted aortic arch complex, including ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. Additional anomalies included bilateral cleft lip and palate, low set ears, and bilateral colobomas. One-stage total correction of the interrupted aortic arch complex was undertaken with standard hypothermic techniques. The repair was completed within a 65 minute period of circulatory arrest at 18 degrees C, perfusion was re-established, and the patient was returned to normothermia. Tetanic contracture of the myocardium, stone heart, was evident at 27 degrees C. Cardiac action did not resume despite several therapeutic maneuvers, and the infant died on the operating table. Extensive calcium flooding was a notable feature on histological sections of the heart, associated with myofibrillar degeneration (contraction bands). This complication has never been reported before in a neonate with congenital heart disease. Deep hypothermia did not prevent ischemic contracture of the myocardium, and this complication must now be added to an already lengthy list of complications of neonatal heart surgery.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

A4 records.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1980

Prognostic importance of specific immunoreactivity in occupational bladder cancer.

Sixty-eight workers with a history of exposure to a bladder carcinogen were followed up to see whether changes in lymphocyte immunoreactivity to a bladder-cancer-cell target were predictive of the development of neoplasia of the urothelium. A twofold or greater increase in reactivity was strongly associated with the development of abnormal urinary cytology suggestive or indicative of malignant change. Changes in immunoreactivity to a non-bladder-cancer-cell target did not have this association. The findings support the possibility that changes in lymphocyte immunoreactivity may be used to predict the onset of bladder cancer in people exposed to bladder carcinogens.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1980

A clinical trial of hyperalimentation in children with metastatic malignancies.

In a controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial the utility of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) in the administration of and tolerance to chemotherapy was tested. The conclusions reached were 1) IVH is safe with a tolerable infection rate; 2) infectious complications correlate significantly with the nutritional status of the patient, with the presence of IVH being only a secondary factor; 3) IVH may be used to rehabilitate patients nutritionally, even those on intensive chemotherapy; 4) the ability to deliver chemotherapy to patients seems to be improved by IVH, especially in malnourished patients in a late stage of disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Experimental infection of calves with two strains of bovine virus diarrhoea virus: certain immunological reactions.

Certain immunological responses of 4-6 month old calves experimentally inoculated with either cytopathic or non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were compared with those of uninfected control calves. The tests used to demonstrate the immunological responses were the transformation of lymphocytes by PHA mitogen, the percentage of lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin, and the antibody titres induced by an intravenous inoculation of killed Brucella abortus. There were no significant differences between the two groups of calves and therefore, the mild experimental disease produced by BVDV did not appear to affect adversely the immunological response.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experience with serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in non-seminomatous testicular tumors.

Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin were used in the management of 50 consecutive patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Of the 50 patients 36 had clinical or pathologic documentation of malignancy at some time during their treatment and 34 of these patients (94 per cent) had elevated levels of 1 or both of the markers. The marker(s) was elevated before lymphadenectomy in 9 of 15 patients (60 per cent) with clinical stage A or B disease wh had not been cured by orchiectomy. Among patients with pathologic stage B disease elevated marker levels before or after lymphadenectomy were of no prognostic significance. All of the patients with stage C disease had elevated marker(s) and the effectiveness of chemotherapy in destroying measurable disease generally was reflected in the marker levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Adult respiratory distress syndrome in children.

Respiratory distress syndrome is the clinical manifestation of injury to the terminal alveolar-capillary unit, and may result from a variety of nonpulmonary insults including shock, sepsis, and trauma. The clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in children are reviewed.

Biological Transport↗