Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Taylor.
A 1-year-old white boy presented with hematuria and was found to have a large polypoid bladder mass. Light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical diagnosis was a yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor. This is the first case of a primary yolk sac tumor of the bladder to be described in the English literature.
Blood concentrations of promethazine and promethazine sulphoxide have been measured following oral and intravenous administration of promethazine to seven healthy male volunteers. Promethazine disposition is characterised by a large volume of distribution (1970 1) and a high blood clearance (1.141 min-1). Less than 1% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, therefore total body clearance is essentially metabolic clearance. In accord with this high clearance the oral availability of promethazine is only 25%. The absorption of promethazine from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds 80% in most subjects. Minimal metabolism by the gastrointestinal mucosa is implicated. Promethazine sulphoxide pharmacokinetics are consistent with a pronounced first pass effect. Although the area under the curve for this metabolite is not route dependent, there is a marked alteration in the shape of the metabolite curve when oral and intravenous data are compared. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that S-oxidation of promethazine is predominantly an hepatic event. The conclusions of previous investigators with regard to the role of the gut mucosa in S-oxidation of phenothiazines is critically assessed.
Promethazine blood concentration-time curves have been determined in 7 rabbits following intravenous, oral and hepatic portal vein administration of promethazine. This phenothiazine has a large volume of distribution and a high metabolic clearance resulting in low blood concentrations particularly when the oral route is used. Analysis of the areas under the blood concentration-time curves indicates that hepatic first-pass metabolism is the major determinant of promethazine's low oral availability. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is essentially complete in most rabbits and the contribution of metabolism by the intestinal mucosa is minimal. The present findings are compared with the literature on other phenothiazines.
In a study of 6 children with cystic fibrosis receiving intravenous antibiotics for pseudomonas lung infection, serum endotoxin values were monitored by a modification of the limulus lysate technique. The values fell with treatment, reflecting a response that was not always apparent on clinical assessment. Endotoxin concentrations may offer a more precise way of monitoring the effects of antibiotic treatment in CF patients.
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Two hundred seventy-seven pediatric cancer patients received a nutritional assessment. Initial dietary intakes of patients with no prior treatment indicated a diet similar to that of the general population. The caloric intake was 75% of the RDA in a group of patients with non-malignant diseases and 80% of the RDA in the groups of patients with solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. Protein intake was greater than 100% of the RDA for all groups. Dietary iron was the nutrient lowest in intake, with a range of 70% to 78% of the RDA. At six-month evaluations, no significant changes occurred except for an increase in iron, niacin, riboflavin, and protein intakes in the group with solid tumors.
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Ten asthmatic children with a history of cough and wheeze after drinking a cola drink performed histamine inhalation tests before and 30 minutes after a drink of Pepsi-Cola, soda water, and water on three separate study days. There was no significant change in baseline peak expiratory flow after any of the three drinks. Sensitivity to histamine was increased after the cola drink (p less than 0.005) but was not significantly different after soda water or water. The detection of change in sensitivity to histamine appears to be a simple and effective method of testing for food sensitivity in asthma.
We report an assay for testicular 17,20-lyase which depends on the use of [21-14C]progesterone as a substrate. The method is made possible by a simplified procedure for the synthesis of [21-14C]progesterone. A chromatographic separation of the unreacted substrate and the 2-carbon by-product on mini silica gel columns permitted a quantitative assay of the lyase activity. The lyase complex from rat testes has been solubilized by treatment with Triton CF-54 detergent. The solubilized enzyme complex catalyzes the formation of androstenedione (4-androstene-3,17-dione) from progesterone without equilibrium with added 17-hydroxyprogesterone and the solubilized enzyme complex responds to the presence of cytosol activator. Both of these characteristics are similar to the properties of the intact microsomes. Thus, solubilization with this detergent preserves the special properties of the microsome bound enzyme complex.
Psychopathology and verbal expression were investigated in 20 psychoneurotic patients and 20 psychosomatic patients (10 patients with ulcerative colitis and 10 patients with Crohn's disease). The Crohn's disease patients showed as much psychopathology as the psychoneurotic patients, but the ulcerative colitis patients showed significantly less psychopathology. However, the Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients showed a similar reduction in verbal-emotional expression (alexithymia), when they were compared separately with the psychoneurotic patients. It was concluded that alexithymic characteristics are independent from other forms of psychopathology and may be more important in the pathogenesis of psychosomatic disorder.
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Of 195 consecutive patients who had been admitted to hospital for suicide attempt, five died later from a further attempt, and 144 were available for a three-year follow-up study. Twenty-nine patients made subsequent suicide attempts. On discharge from hospital psychiatric treatment was carried out and completed in 40.3 percent, partially completed in 11.1 percent and 18.8 percent did not complete treatment. On a self-rating basis, 8 percent thought they were worse, 32 percent unchanged and 42 percent were improved. There were extensive interpersonal disturbances and a high percentage of patients had changed relationships in the follow-up period. The high persistence of suicidal activity in these patients is discussed.
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A program for the systematic detection and management of arthritis disability was developed for an urban population. A survey identified 601 persons with rheumatic disability in a population of 9,500-10,550. Seventy-eight persons were evaluated and given recommendations. An ombudsman assisted the clients in obtaining health services and coordinated care. An evaluation 6-8 months later showed increased utilization of and referrals to relevant services but, on the whole, little improvement in functional capacity was noted. However, the small numbers do not definite conclusions.
An open-ended coaxial line sensor in conjunction with an automatic network analyzer was used to measure in vivo the permittivity of several feline tissues (skeletal and smooth muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain--gray and white matter) at frequencies between 10 MHz and 1 GHz. The estimated uncertainties of measurement were between 1.5% and 5%. The data are in general agreement with previously obtained data in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences in the properties of different types of the same tissue (eg, skeletal and smooth muscle) were observed. Many tissues were found to be non-homogeneous in its permittivity.
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In three experiments, groups of 8-18, 45-day-old male CD-1 mice were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) and were followed for 12-31 weeks. Experimental groups were given periodic. light-shock stimulation beginning at various times after streptozotocin injection. Blood samples were taken biweekly from all mice. Blood glucose levels were attenuated over a 22 week period in mice that were stimulated during the first 72 hours after STZ injection. Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes (blood glucose levels over 150 mg%) was also significantly reduced in stimulated mice. Progressively increasing correlations between sampling order and blood glucose levels, which were significant over the last 12 weeks of one experiment, indicated that blood glucose levels of caged, diabetic mice responded markedly to laboratory procedures.