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Biomedical subjects

G Strohmeyer

Publications and source records attributed to G Strohmeyer.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Physiopathology and clinical manifestation of cholestasis (author's transl)].

Cholestasis means an alteration of bile secretion or transport on the way from the hepatocyte to the duodenum. A great spectrum of disturbances is seen in the various diseases producing cholestasis; the site of alteration may be (1) the hepatic organelles (2) the secretory bile apparatus (3) the bile ducts. The first part of this review will be concerned with the current concepts of mechanism and physiopathology of cholestasis. The second part deals with the clinical features of the various diseases and discusses new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1981

[Pancreatic pseudocysts. Actual diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Surgical treatment (author's transl)].

The development of modern diagnostic technics (ultrasound and CT) has facilitated diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts. The subsequent demonstration of spontaneous resolution (in 25-50%) has however produced new controversies on the optimal therapeutic strategy. In spite of the progress in the area of diagnosis important questions regarding the evaluation of the percutaneous fine needle puncture, the indication for surgical treatment in relationship to the size of the pseudocysts and the optimal timing of surgical measures are still be open to discussion. To clarify these problems a prospective controlled study should be begun. According to most reports operative intervention is indicated if after a period of 6 weeks no spontaneous resolution has been observed. The optimal surgical treatment is thought to be internal drainage, for instance a cystojejunostomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Decreased hepatotoxicity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) following chronic alcohol consumption.

Compared to controls receiving physiological saline, the i.p. administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on 5 consecutive days to rats fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet resulted 24 hours after the last injection of significant increases in glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic oxylacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in the serum, indicating a striking hepatotoxic effect of this compound. This was confirmed by the histological demonstration of massive centrolobular necrosis. Conversely, following pretreatment of the rats with an ethanol containing liquid diet for 23 days and subsequent administration of DMN the increases of serum enzyme activities and massive centrolobular necrosis could not be observed. These results therefore suggest that chronic alcohol consumption protects from hepatotoxicity due to DMN, most probably due to an enhancement of detoxifying pathways of the parent component or one of its toxic metabolites.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Alcoholic liver disease associated with increased gamma-glutamyltransferase activities in serum and liver.

Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the serum which are associated with an enhancement of GGT activities in the liver. These findings suggest that increased GGT activities commonly found in alcoholic liver disease can be ascribed primarily to hepatic enzyme induction rather than to liver cell injury, since hepatic GGT activities were increased but not reduced. Moreover, at the fatty liver stage the fetal form of GGT in the serum is much higher in activity that the adult form, whereas the reverse constellation can be found in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Thus, these preliminary data suggest that the determination of various forms of GGT in the serum of alcoholics may be useful in establishing the particular stage of alcoholic liver disease by a simple enzyme test in the serum.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of the effects of natural and synthetic secretin on the exocrine secretion of the human pancreas (author's transl)].

In 16 healthy male subjects the effects of natural and synthetic secretin on the function of the exocrine pancreas were compared. Following; stimulation with secretin in all cases pancreozymin was injected to ascertain normal pancreatic secretory capacity. The methods applied corresponded to those used in the multicenter study of the European Pancreatic Club. No significant differences were found between the results concerning volume of secretion, maximal bicarbonate concentration, maximal bicarbonate output and enzyme secretion rates after stimulation with natural and synthetic secretin, respectively. It is concluded that the synthetic peptide can be utilized in the same way as the natural product in the secretin-pancreozymin-test.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1979

[Prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence with cimetidine (author's transl)].

The effect of long-term prophylaxis of duodenal ulceration with cimetidine was tested in a double blind trial. In 20 patients treated with cimetidine there was a four-fold reduction in the relapse rate when compared with 18 placebo-treated patients. However, treatment of the acute phase of ulceration with cimetidine increased the recurrence rate more than five-fold when compared with placebo treatment. Slow healing of ulceration was followed by a two-fold incidence of recurrence when compared with rapid healing. From the results it is concluded that recurrence occurs in patients after slow healing and (or) previous cimetidine treatment if long-term prophylaxis with cimetidine is not carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Plasma glucagon in diabetes of haemochromatosis: too low or too high?

Glucagon secretion before and during arginine infusions was tested in 11 patients with diabetes associated with haemochromatosis. The results were compared with those obtained in six normal subjects and five patients with haemochromatosis but normal glucose tolerance. The patients with haemochromatosis, regardless of glucose tolerance, exhibited higer level of plasma immunoreactivity for glucagon (antiserum 30-K) suggesting hyperglucagonaemia. However, additional analysis revealed that a considerable amount of this glucagon immunoreactivity was due to cross-reacting material of high molecular weight, the levels of which were significantly higher in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. When this was deducted from the total immunoreactivity measured, the resulting values for true glucagon concentrations were similar to those of normal subjects. The data suggest that (1) patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis, whether or not associated with diabetes, exhibit plasma glucagon levels comparable with those of normal subjects; (2) the plasma of the same patients contains significantly more high-molecular-weight substances reacting with glucagon antiserum 30-K than is present in plasma of normal subjects; and (3) 'hyperglucagonaemia' may be erroneously suggested when glucagon is measured with certain antisera reputed to be specific for glucagon.

Arginine↗
PubMed1979

Does dopamine predispose to gastroesophageal reflux?

In the American opossum dopamine causes a dose-dependant fall in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. The effect in man is unknown. Therefore, the effect of two dosages of dopamine (1 mcg.kg-1 body weight.minute-1 and 5 mcg.kg-1 body weight.minute-1) was studied in ten healthy volunteers by pullthrough manometry. The results show that neither dopamine nor normal saline solution as a control changed LES pressure which is an important determinant of gastroesophageal sphincter competence. Thus, dopamine in clinically used doses does not appear to predispose to gastroesophageal reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (author's transl)].

In a double-blind trial of patients with duodenal ulcer at three centres the healing rate after a four-week course of treatment (1 g cimetidine daily) was 79% (30 out of 38 patients), compared with 58% (23 out of 40 patients) on placebos. Cimetidine did not effect subjective symptoms or the need for antacids to relieve pain, except for a minor beneficial effect on diurnal ulcer symptoms during the second week of treatment. Results of long-term administration suggest that cimetidine at 400 mg daily prevent s relapses, but the possibility of an increased relapse rate after cimetidine withdrawal can not as yet be excluded.

Adult↗