Pain relief in burns--how we do it.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
G R Wilson
Publications and source records attributed to G R Wilson.
Predicting successful brachial plexus block using changes in skin electrical resistance.
Skin electrical resistance is determined by the degree of sweating of the skin which is, in turn, related to sympathetic nervous system activity in the area concerned. It is increased when the nerves supplying the area are damaged or blocked by local anaesthetic agents. We have assessed the temporal and spatial relationship between the onset of sympathetic and sensory loss in the hand following brachial plexus block in 44 patients. Skin electrical resistance, measured using a simple ohm meter, has been shown to increase within 2 min of brachial plexus blockade with 1% lignocaine and adrenaline 1:200,000. This increase is an early and reliable indicator of subsequent, and occasionally delayed, sensory loss.
Aged↗
Loss of split thickness skin grafts due to non-group A beta-haemolytic streptococci.
Over a 17-month period 77 patients requiring a split skin graft for a burn injury have suffered loss of previously well taken graft due to the growth of a beta-haemolytic streptococcus. Of these only 42 were streptococci of Lancefield group A (Streptococcus pyogenes); 16 were group B, 3 group C and 16 group G. Some strains of groups B, C and G produce cytopathic and spreading factors capable of destroying the new skin graft and regenerating epithelium. We suggest that the non-group A streptococci may be more pathogenic than previously recognised in this particular respect.
Burns↗
Synchronization of estrus in beef cows and heifers with prostaglandin F(2alpha) and estradiol benzoate.
An experiment was conducted to study an estrous synchronization regimen that involved the use of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) alone or in combination with estradiol benzoate (EB) and appointment breeding. Fifty-three registered Angus yearling heifers and 167 registered Angus cows (3 to 9 yr of age) were given two injections of PGF(2alpha) 11 d apart. Forty-eight hours after the second injection of PGF(2alpha') a random sample consisting of 117 cows and heifers was injected with EB in sesame seed oil. All females in the herd were artificially inseminated 80 h after the second injection of PGF(2alpha). Nearly equal percentages (25.1 vs 25.6%; P = 0.93) of treated (EB) and control (no EB) females conceived at the appointment breeding. Use of EB tended to reduce (P = 0.06) natural service conception rate (83.4 vs 93.1% for EB and control groups, respectively). Estrous synchronization treatment did not affect interval from Day 1 of the breeding season to calving.
Journal Article↗
Synchronization of estrus in beef cows and heifers with fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium, and prostaglandin F2 alpha.
The effects of fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) on estrus, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and the interval from Day 1 of the breeding season to calving were studied on 135 purebred Angus cows and heifers. The cows and heifers were randomly allotted within age to the three estrus synchronization treatments and a control group. The calving percentages (for cows and heifers combined) that resulted from artificial insemination (AI) were 32.3, 31.4, 43.6, and 51.1% for the control, fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium, and PGF2alpha groups, respectively. The calving percentage during the AI period by ages of dam at breeding were 54.2% for yearling heifers, 30.5% for two-year-olds, 47.6% for three-year-olds, and 26.1% for four-year-old or older cows. The percentage of cows and heifers detected in estrus and the percentage that conceived after the first injection for control, fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium, and PGF2alpha groups were 51.6 and 22.3%, 59.3 and 32.1%, 76.8 and 44.1%, and 66.6 and 50.2%, respectively. The intervals from Day 1 of the breeding season to calving and from Day 1 of the calving season within each treatment to the birth of each calf were control, 285.9 and 23.8 d; fenprostalene, 283.6 and 13.4 d; cloprostenol sodium, 285.5 and 6.5 d; and PGF2alpha, 284.0 and 11.1 d.
Journal Article↗
A new burn area assessment chart.
A series of body charts have been designed that are more representative of changing body proportion with increasing age. Being easier to use, these charts have led to a better estimate by the casualty doctor of the body surface area that has been burned.
Adolescent↗
The muscle twitch monitor: a rapid unequivocal method of monitoring free muscle transfers.
A free latissimus dorsi muscle transfer, which required anastomotic revision on two occasions within twenty-four hours of operation, illustrates how the change in response of electrically induced muscle contraction to ischaemia can be used as a rapid and sensitive method of monitoring free muscle transfers. It is a response that has the great merit of being easily recognised by untrained observers because it relies on an absolute rather than a relative change in the measured modality. Furthermore it is not influenced by the clinical condition of the patient or by changes in the flap's environment. Its potential is discussed.
Adult↗
Evaluation of a new antiseptic dressing in minor burns.
A prospective trial was conducted to compare a new povidone iodine impregnated dressing (Inadine) with a standard petroleum jelly gauze dressing for small superficial burns treated on an outpatient basis. The results show no difference between comfort and ease of removal of dressings, in the number of positive bacteriological cultures or the number of days to healing. Inadine is more than twice as expensive as petroleum jelly gauze.
Adolescent↗
Full thickness burns from ready-mixed cement.
The authors present 16 cases of cement burns admitted to the Nottingham burns unit over an 11-month period. Thirteen required skin grafting and were off work for a considerable period of time. The manufacturers do print warnings on their quotations and their delivery dockets, but the serious nature of some cement burns is not stressed. Some suggestions are made in an effort to prevent these serious injuries.
Adolescent↗
A simple method of measuring the electrical resistance of the skin.
A simple device has been developed to measure skin resistance. Normal values have been established and the effect of changing measurement parameters has been investigated. Peripheral nerve blocks have also been applied and their effect upon the skin resistance reported.
Adolescent↗
A simple device for the objective evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries.
A quick and simple method of measuring the electrical resistance of the skin is presented as an objective test of peripheral nerve injury. Patterns of altered skin resistance in patients with nerve injuries were found to coincide with operative findings. The method can be used in the preoperative assessment of hand injuries and to monitor the recovery of nerve function.
Acute Disease↗
The damaging effect of smoking on digital revascularisation: two further case reports.
Two cases are reported in which the smoking of a cigarette on the 5th day after revascularisation of the thumb produced immediate vascular insufficiency in a previously viable digit.
Adult↗
The composition and concentration of umbilical cord plasma lipoproteins; their relationship to the birth weight and other clinical factors of the newborn.
The present studies confirmed that plasma obtained from individual umbilical cords contains very low density, low density and high density lipoprotein particles whose mean compositions are similar to those of the adult, though they are present in considerably lower concentrations. A fairly wide variation in both composition and concentration was found between different individuals. For full-term deliveries, a positive correlation (p less than 0.01) was found between the cholesteryl ester: free cholesterol ratio of the high density lipoprotein fraction and the birth weight, suggesting differences in the distribution of the particles that constitute this lipoprotein fraction. Otherwise, no correlation was found between the composition or concentration of any lipoprotein fraction and birth weight, gestation, sex or other factor investigated. Premature newborns (30-36 weeks) had concentrations of high density lipoproteins and cholesteryl ester: free cholesterol ratios of the high density lipoprotein that were markedly high in relation to their birth weights and in the same range as full-term newborns (37-40 weeks).
Birth Weight↗
Studies on the role of zinc in parturition in the rat.
1. Pregnant rats were fed either low (less than 1 p.p.m.) Zn or control (40 p.p.m. Zn) diets from day 10 of gestation. They were killed at intervals during the last 96 h preceding the normal time for onset of parturition, and differences in plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were assessed. 2. Gestation was prolonged in Zn-deficient rats. 3. Although the preparturient decline in plasma progesterone began at the same time in all groups, at term, plasma progesterone concentration in Zn-deficient rats remained significantly higher than in normal females. 4. Induction of ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was delayed by about 8 h by Zn deficiency. This delay was not observed if prostaglandin F2 alpha was injected previously. 5. The results suggest a Zn-dependent step(s) in uterine synthesis and/or release of prostanoids.
20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
Fatty acid composition of liver lipids in rats fed brominated fatty acids.
Feeding rats diets containing brominated corn oil or di- or tetrabromostearate as the monoglyceride produced changes in fatty acid composition of liver lipids. Those changes associated with the feeding of brominated corn oil or tetrabromostearate could be explained by the accumulation of triglyceride, and the changes associated with the feeding of dibromostearate could result from the proliferation of a membrane system. A unique response to the feeding of diets containing brominated corn oil is an increase in the level of gamma-linolenic acid.
Bromine↗
Antiviral and antitumor compounds from tunicates.
Tunicates provide a rich source of biologically active compounds with potentially useful medicinal properties. The most interesting compounds identified thus far are the didemnins, depsipeptides from a Caribbean Trididemnum species, which are potent inhibitors of L1210 leukemia cells in vitro and are also active in vivo against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma. In addition the didemnins inhibit growth of a variety of RNA and DNA viruses in vitro and protect mice infected intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2. Didemnin B, a derivative of didemnin A, is far more active than A, which argues for the likelihood of further useful chemical modifications in the series.
Animal Population Groups↗
Estradiol levels in myocardial infarction.
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Adult↗
Identification of riboflavin in porcine uterine secretions.
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Animals↗