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Biomedical subjects

G Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to G Phillips.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Induction of cytotoxic activity in human lymphocytes against autologous and allogeneic melanoma cells in vitro by culture with interleukin 2.

The influence of interleukin 2(IL2) on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes from patients with melanoma against autologous and a variety of allogeneic melanoma cells was studied. IL2 was produced from blood lymphocytes cultured for 24 h with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and purified by membrane chromatography to exclude PHA. Lymphocytes from 13 patients with melanoma at various clinical stages were cultured fro 6 days with IL2 (2 U/ml) and then tested for cytotoxic activity against autologous melanoma cells, three allogeneic melanoma and three non-melanoma cells. Autologous cytotoxicity was generated by culture with IL2 alone and was not increased by culture with both IL2 and autologous tumour cells. Marked increases in cytotoxic activity were also generated against the allogeneic target cells and were maximal against the NK-insensitive Chang target cells. Similar degrees of cytotoxicity were induced by IL2 stimulation of lymphocytes from melanoma patients, patients with nonmelanoma carcinoma and normal subjects against the allogeneic target cells. Cold target inhibition studies were carried out against IL2 induced autologous cytotoxicity in five patients. In four of five studies the autologous target cells inhibited more than the allogeneic target cells. There was no significant difference between the inhibition produced by allogeneic melanoma cells and that produced by non-melanoma cells. Similarly, in studies against allogeneic target cells, there was no significant difference in the inhibition produced by allogeneic melanoma compared to non-melanoma target cells. This applied irrespective of whether effector cells were from melanoma or non-melanoma subjects. These results suggest that lymphocytes from patients with melanoma are primed against autologous antigens in vivo and that provision of a second signal, IL2, in vitro can induce cytotoxicity against the autologous tumour. The cytotoxicity generated against the allogeneic target cells did not appear to have specificity to melanoma. Several results, such as the pattern of cytotoxicity against the target cells and change in cell surface markers on the lymphocytes during culture, suggested that cytotoxicity was mediated by activated T cells rather than by nature killer cells. These findings appear to have important implications both in the understanding of tumor host relationships and for the use of IL2 in therapy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of solid masses.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a highly accurate cytologic technique in the differentiation of benign vs. malignant disease. After careful localization with the ultrasound beam, a 22 gauge 0.6 mm needle is used to obtain four to five cell samples. Seventy percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed on pancreatic, liver, renal, chest, pelvic, pancreatic nodes, subcutaneous nodules, and other retroperitoneal masses. Ninety-three percent accuracy was obtained with no complications. Studies in four patients with carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas were falsely negative for malignant cells; all four patients had desmoplastic tumors. Complications of hemorrhage, tumor seeding, infection, fistula formation, and pain encountered with other methods and using larger bore needles have not been found with the fine needle technique. It is a safe, accurate method that can be performed as an out-patient procedure.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Reactive fibrohistiocytic proliferation simulating fibrous histiocytoma.

A pelvic nodule was excised at the time of reexploration of the abdomen in a 32-year-old women who had previously had a malignant germ cell tumor with a mixed histologic pattern of the right ovary. The 3-cm firm lesion from the right vaginal apex was composed predominantly of spindle cells with a prominent storiform pattern. Some findings, such as the presence of foamy histiocytes and a focal foreign body reaction with polarizable material, were atypical for a lesion otherwise quite acceptable histologically as a fibrous histiocytoma. Ultrastructural findings also tended to support the reactive rather than neoplastic nature of this mass. There is a similarity to the silica reaction described by Weiss and co-workers (Cancer 42:2738-2743, 1978).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in ileofemoral venous thrombosis: extension to inferior vena cava defined with foot vein infusion.

Two cases of ileofemoral venous thrombosis and occlusion are presented in which cephalad extension of venous thrombosis to the inferior vena cava (IVC) is demonstrated on computed tomography (CT). Proximal venous obstruction does not diminish the utility of foot vein infusion simultaneous with the CT study. Delineation of intraluminal thrombosis in the IVC is excellent with good definition of occluded and patent segments of the IVC.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1979

Nefopam in postoperative pain.

Three comparable groups of surgical patients were given nefopam 0.2 mg kg-1 or 0.4 mg kg-1 or morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 for pain relief after operation. Nefopam 0.4 mg kg-1 was equi-analgesic with morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and produced no obvious cardiovascular or respiratory side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Clinical experience.

From March 1975 until September 1978, seventy patients were referred for intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction or for the treatment of low cardiac output states following cardiopulmonary bypass. Sixty of these received adequate intra-aortic balloon pump assistance; fifty-two ped successfully off the balloon pump. Twenty-three patients survived to leave hospital.

Assisted Circulation↗
PubMed1979

Infection of cultured human type II pneumonocytes with certain respiratory viruses.

Human type II alveolar pneumonocytes were grown either as monolayers derived from a clone or as organotypic cultures of fetal lung. The type II cells in these cultures retained in their cytoplasm multilamellar bodies which were morphologically identical to similar organelles present in type II cells of intact human fetal and adult lung. A number of respiratory viruses infected the cells and produced a cytopathic effect in the cultures. Viral components were also detected in some of the infected cells. Adenovirus type 3, human coronavirus 229E, and rhinovirus types 2 and 9 produced new infectious virus, but influenza A and parainfluenza 3 virus apparently did not.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Arterial pressure studies during carotid angiography.

In a study of 92 patients undergoing carotid angiography under general anaesthesia, marked changes in arterial pressure were infrequent. Possible reasons for this include fewer poor-risk patients, a lighter level of anaesthesia involving controlled ventilation, and the replacement of uriodone (Diodone) by less toxic contrast media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Peripelvic extravasation, urinoma formation and tumor obstruction of the ureter.

We report 4 cases of peripelvic extravasation caused by tumor obstruction of the ureter. A urinoma developed in 3 of the 4 cases. Review of the literature reveals only 5 previously reported cases of peripelvic extravasation secondary to tumor obstruction of the urinary tract. We discuss the mechanics of peripelvic extravasation and urinoma formation, and conclude that tumor obstruction of the ureter must be considered in all cases of peripelvic extravasation.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

A double-blind trial of bupivacaine (Marcain) and etidocaine (Duranest) in extradural block for surgical induction of labour.

A double-blind randomized trial was conducted to compare etidocaine, the new local anaesthetic agent, with bupivacaine. One hundred patients were each given a single dose of one of the drugs during the surgical induction of labour. The results showed that etidocaine had a quicker onset of action than bupivacaine, but that its duration of action was shorter, and that it produced a greater degree of muscle weakness. No differences were noted in the side effects of the two drugs.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1975

A double-blind trial of bupivacaine and etidocaine in epidural block for surgical induction of labour.

Compared to bupivacaine, etidocaine has a quicker onset of action both in terms of initial analgesia and time taken to reach maximal extent of analgesia. ;owever, its duration of action is significantly shorter and it produces a striking degree of motor loss. These last two properties make etidocaine relatively unsuitable for obstetric practice, where a long duration of action and a reasonable mobility are desirable. However, it has been found useful for forceps delivery, because of the good muscle relaxation obtained and, because of its greater penetration, in abolishing the missed segments sometimes seen with bupivacaine.

Acetanilides↗