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Biomedical subjects

G Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to G Phillips.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Sonographic findings in leukemic renal disease.

The ultrasonic findings in 10 patients with diffuse leukemic infiltration of the kidneys are described. The findings are analogous to those seen pathologically and include enlargement of the kidneys, diffuse leukemic infiltration of the renal cortex with sparing of the adjacent medullae, loss of definition and distortion of the renal sinus echo complex and a focal mass. The ultrasound findings correlated well with those seen with intravenous urography making it the preferable screening modality for the initial detection of renal involvement, subsequent follow-up and response to therapy in leukemic patients.

Child↗
PubMed1984

A comparison between the use of a shadow shield whole body counter and an uncollimated gamma camera ain the assessment of the seven-day retention of SeHCAT.

We have compared the 7-day retention of the radioisotope bile salt analogue SeHCAT (75Se-23-selena-25-homotaurocholate), by whole body counting and by uncollimated gamma camera measurement, in phantoms and in 25 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The results correlate with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.96. An uncollimated gamma camera can be used to assess bile acid malabsorption when a whole body radioactivity monitor is not available.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1983

CT of gastric masses: image patterns and a note on potential pitfalls.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 9 consecutive cases of primary gastric neoplasm. Lesions were surgically or endoscopically proved; cross-sectional images are correlated to specific histopathology in each case. The CT images of leiomyoma and leiomyoblastoma are characterized as models of pure bulging intramural growth resulting in a lunate contrast distribution when imaged in the cross-sectional plane. In 5 cases of lymphoma, distortion of the contrast-filled hollow viscus is relatively consistent. Nodular growth is reflected on the CT image as a series of digitations encroaching on the opacified portion of the gastric lumen. Image pattern recognition, relative to histopathology, is of more than academic interest since endoscopy is frequently unreliable in cases of submucosal and exophytic pathology. Further, biopsy of such lesions is commonly nondiagnostic as a result of random choice of biopsy site or inadequate depth of tissue sample. Additionally, this report includes images of lesions that simulate the primary gastric pathology and may be a source of erroneous interpretation. These include: pseudocyst of the pancreas (2 cases) and enlargement of the left lobe of the liver with encroachment on the gastric lumen (1 case). Image specificity on CT examination is increasingly essential to diagnosis and surgical planning.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Pancreatitis associated with duodenal Crohn's disease.

The fourth reported patient with acute pancreatitis associated with Crohn's disease of the duodenum is presented and the clinical features compared with previously described cases. The pathogenesis of the pancreatitis was not clear but the inflammatory process was found to involve the ampulla of Vater making ampullary incompetence with duodenal reflux or ampullary obstruction the most likely mechanisms. High dose prednisone combined with nasogastric suction and subsequently long-term Cimetidine resulted in a rapid improvement which has been maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasound patterns of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder.

Eleven cases of sonographically detected metastatic disease to the gallbladder are reported. This paper represents the first comprehensive review of the ultrasonographic findings in this not infrequently encountered disease process. Four distinctive sonographic diagnostic patterns have evolved and are described. The suspicion of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder should be raised, particularly in the presence of focal gallbladder wall thickening in association with nonshadowing intraluminal soft tissue masses. In contrast to primary carcinomas of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis usually is absent. The differential diagnosis, which includes various benign conditions of the gallbladder, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lysis of Plasmodium falciparum by ferriprotoporphyrin IX and a chloroquine-ferriprotoporphyrin IX complex.

Ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and a chloroquine-FP complex lysed isolated Plasmodium falciparum parasites as judged by decreases in the turbidity of parasite suspensions and by ultrastructural changes. Exposure of parasite suspensions to 50 microM FP or to a complex formed from 50 microM FP and 20 MicroM chloroquine reduced the number of identifiable parasites and caused swelling and loss of internal detail in those that were identifiable. The amount of lysis was dose-dependent over the range of 10 to 50 microM FP. Formation of a chloroquine-FP complex reduced, but did not eliminate, the toxicity of FP. Since there is evidence indicating that a chloroquine-FP complex forms when chloroquine-susceptible parasites are exposed to chloroquine, we suggest that accumulation of this complex may account for the chemotherapeutic effect of chloroquine against P. falciparum.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided puncture of the gallbladder (PUPG).

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided puncture of the gallbladder (PUPG) is a new method for antegrade study of the gallbladder and the common bile duct. All procedures were scheduled immediately prior to planned surgery. Under ultrasound guidance, a 22-gauge sheathed needle was placed into the gallbladder lumen, and dilute (25% to 30%) diatrizoate meglumine (Hypaque) was injected. Indications in five patients included: evaluation of the common bile duct for calculi and/or obstruction, specifically in one patient who had hypersensitivity to intravenous contrast material; aspiration of bile for gram stain, crystal analysis, and cytology; evaluation of the gallbladder lumen for intraluminal masses; and to establish the anatomic site of an occult abscess. A small bile leak occurred in one patient who had no obstruction, and a more significant leak occurred in a patient who had obstructive jaundice and ampullary carcinoma. PUPG obviated the need for surgical intervention in three patients. Although the method has limited indications, we feel that it has great diagnostic potential in conditions related to the gallbladder and biliary ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mechanisms of immune lysis. III. Characterization of the nature and kinetics of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced nuclear lesion in the target.

The experiments reported here demonstrate that the event leading to CTL-induced nuclear disintegration is kinetically similar (t1/2 = 3.1 +/- 0.8 min) to that reported for CTL-induced plasma membrane disintegration as measured by 51Cr release. However, the expression of the lethal event by detergent-soluble 125I release occurs so rapidly that the time between the initiation of the lesion and its expression is 15 min instead of the 90 to 120 min time course for plasma membrane disintegration measured by 51Cr release. In addition, we have demonstrated that the rapid 125IUdR release characteristic of CTL-lysed targets is specific for the nucleus within the target cell itself. Isolated nuclei cultured with effectors and targets during a lytic reaction are not rapidly damaged by the lytic process. Finally, we have characterized the CTL-induced nuclear lesion as a degradative process occurring within the plasma membrane of the target cell. The significance of these events and their relationship to the CTL's role in the host defense system is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Infant care and feeding in an urban black population.

Health education programmes aimed at improving infant feeding must be developed from data on current practices and growth. Infants born in Pimville, Soweto, were traced when they were 6 weeks old and again at 6 months and their mothers and child-minders were interviewed. Length of tay in the area, breastfeeding and weaning intention and practice, age standard of education, understanding of Boston growth charts, and infant growth data were investigated. It is suggested that more specific health education programmes need to be developed and that community-based health workers need to be selected and trained to assist and support mothers in learning better feeding practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Suppressor cell activity in melanoma patients. II. Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells in relation to tumor growth and suppressor T-cell subsets.

The relative proportions of T, B and T gamma suppressor cells were determined sequentially in peripheral blood of melanoma patients before and after surgery. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppression against lymphocyte mitogenesis of melanoma patients and age matched controls was measured concurrently. The mean percentage of T gamma cells was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in melanoma patients before surgery (21.8 +/- 5.4) compared to a group of age-matched controls (14.9 +/- 5.4). There was a tendency for the proportion of T gamma cells in patients to decrease after surgery, although the relative levels of T gamma were still significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) 6-8 weeks after surgery when compared to normal controls. The mean percentage of T and B cells in melanoma patients before and after surgery was comparable to that observed in normal controls. The degree of Con-A-induced suppression in patients increased significantly after surgery particularly at 6-8 weeks (p less than 0.02). No difference in con-A-induced suppressor cell activity was observed between melanoma patients and controls before or after surgery. An inverse relationship was found between the amount of Con-A-induced suppression and percentage of T gamma cells in melanoma patients before surgery. Similar associations were not apparent in patients after surgery or in normal control populations. The inverse correlation of Con-A-induced suppression with T gamma cell numbers suggests that the former may measure potential suppressor cell activity whereas the T gamma cells may indicate active suppressor cells. The significance of these findings for the monitoring of suppressor cell activity in vivo and their role in suppression of immune responses in melanoma patients is discussed.

B-Lymphocytes↗