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Biomedical subjects

G Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Nilsson.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Tissue concentration and release of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the dental pulp.

The concentration of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) was determined in dental pulps from cat, dog and man by radioimmunoassay. Pulps from mature cats showed the highest SPLI-levels (mean 32 pmol/g); these are comparable to or higher than those found in any other organ outside the central nervous system. The SPLI concentrations were lower in pulp from immature teeth. The immunological and chromatographic behaviour of the pulpal SPLI from cat and man resembled that of synthetic substance P (SP), indicating that the assayed substance is closely related to or identical with SP. Release of pulpal SPLI in canine teeth was evoked by stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve in anaesthetized cats. In 9 of 16 experiments the amounts of SPLI found in pulp suprafusates following stimulation (4-31 fmol) were larger than those in unstimulated controls (0-7 fmol). Stimulation also reduced the pulpal tissue concentration of SPLI to 60% of that in homologous control pulps. The high concentration of SPLI found in the dental pulp and the demonstration of nerve-induced release strengthen the hypothesis that SP serves some function in the dental pulp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Concentration of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in tissues of dog, rat and mouse.

The distribution of SPLI in various tissues from dog, rat and mouse was determined by radioimmunoassay. The gastrointestinal, urogenital and tracheobronchial tracts were found to contain SPLI with marked differences in levels in different parts of these tracts. Glandular tissues, such as salivary glands and pancreas, was well as eye, tongue and skin also contain SPLI. Species differences were encountered both in absolute amounts and the distribution of SPLI. The highest concentrations of SPLI were generally found in mouse followed by dog and rat. The present results are in agreement with those of previous studies in which SP was demonstrated by bioassay technique, but due to the greater sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay it was possible to show a much wider distribution of SP. Virtually all organs in which an effect of SP has been demonstrated also contain SPLI.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Axonal transport of substance P in the vagus and sciatic nerves of the guinea pig.

The axonal transport and apparent subcellular distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive material (SPLI) were examined in nerves of guinea pigs by means of a sensitive radioimmunoassay and by immunohistofluorescence. Crushes or ligations were made at various levels above and below the nodose ganglion of the vagus, on the sciatic nerve, and on the central process of the S1 spinal ganglion. From the relative rates of accumulation of SPLI in the adjacent segments, it was concluded that the bulk of the substance P produced in the sensory ganglion cells was being exported toward the terminal regions of their peripheral branches. The average velocity of transport of SPLI in the peripheral direction was calculated to be 1 mm/h in the sciatic nerve and 1.25 mm/h in the vagus. The removal of SPLI from regions of nerve distal to a ligature indicated that only 26% of the peptide in vagus nerve and 17% of the peptide in sciatic nerve was available for rapid transport. It was therefore estimated that the mean velocity of the moving fraction was 5-6 mm/h. Stop-flow experiments with local cooling and rewarming in vivo suggested that some SPLI may have been transported as rapidly as 10 mm/h. The behavior of SPLI during ultracentrifugation of nerve and ganglion extracts indicated that this peptide was normally present both in a soluble form and in association with particles but was transported primarily in the latter form.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Substance P, VIP, enkephalin and somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in intestinal tissue transplanted to the anterior eye chamber.

Tissue pieces of small and large intestine from pre- and postnatal and adult rats, respectively, were transplanted to the anterior eye chamber of the rat. Immunohistochemical studies revealed high numbers of substance P-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and enkephalin-containing nerve fibers, especially in the circular smooth muscle layer and in the myenteric plexus of the intestinal tissue transplants. A small number of somatostatin-containing fibers were observed. The distribution patterns of the various peptide-containing neurons in the grafts resembled those which have been described in the intact gastro-intestinal wall. Substance P, VIP, enkephalin and somato-statin immunoreactive fibers were seen also in the host irides. No obvious differences in peptide innervation in grafts and host irides were observed between normal and sympathectomized animals and animals lesioned in the trigeminal ganglion. These findings suggest that most of the peptide-containing fibers in the intestinal transplants and the host irides originate in the transplanted tissue. Thus, it is shown that peptide neurons can survive in this transplantation model, which may be useful for functional studies of intestinal physiology including peptidergic mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Interaction of substance P with dispersed pancreatic acinar cells from the guinea pig. Binding of radioiodinated peptide.

Tyr8-SP has been radioactively labeled with 125I to a specific activity of 200 microCI/microgram. This tracer has been found to be rapidly and reversibly bound in a specific way to dispersed pancreatic acinar cells. The specific binding is saturable and dependent on incubation temperature. At 37 degrees C 125I-tyr8-SP is bound to a less degree than at lower temperatures since the peptide is rapidly degraded at 37 degrees C. Native SP inhibits binding of tracer. Results have been analyzed according to Scatchard and suggest 2 functionally distinct types of binding sites; a small number of sites with high affinity and a larger number of sites with low affinity for SP. SP-sites also bind eledoisin and physalaemin which are peptides similar to SP in terms of chemical structure and biological activities. The concentration range in which SP, physalaemin, nd eledoisin inhibit binding of 125I-tyr8-SP correlates well with the range in which these peptides stimulate biochemical processes like outflux of 45Ca, accumulation of cyclic GMP and release of amylase from acinar cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The influence of elevated body temperature on skin perspiration.

To evaluate the influence of an elevated rectal temperature on sensible and insensible perspiration the evaporative water losses from the skin of 33 female and 41 male surgical patients with fever were recorded with an evaporimeter. It was found that the patients were generally in a state of normal insensible perspiration. In some of the patients, however, intermittent sensible sweating was observed. In all cases when the patients were sweating the rectal temperature was above 39.5 degrees C and the cutaneous water loss was increased 6-8 times over basal values. The sweating periods, however, took place only during 4-7 hours per 24-hour period in an ambient temperature of about 23.5 degrees C. This means that in a comfortable indoor environment an extra 600 ml per day of fluid should be supplied to patients with highly elevated body temperature in order to compensate for an increased cutaneous water loss. In a tropical or subtropical climate the extra fluid supply has to be substantially increased.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Cytologic diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.

In specimens obtained by fine needle thyroid puncture it is possible to define cytologic criteria of toxic goiter. This cytologic picture is compound but the authors describe marginal vacuolization and nuclear ring patterns in follicular wall fragments as fairly specific signs of thyroid hyperfunction. Thyroid puncture is hardly a measure of choice in the routine clinical evaluation of hyperthyrosis but some case histories demonstrate that due attention to the cytologic picture of toxic goiter is profitable also when the puncture was made with quite other indications.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intraindividual effect of daily supervised flossing on caries in schoolchildren.

The aim was to study the effect of flossing on proximal caries in children grouped according to different combinations of dietary and oral hygiene habits. 140 12--13-year-old children flossed the right or the left lateral region of the mouth once every school-day for 2 years by pulling a waxed floss once up and down through the proximal contacts. Proximal caries was recorded on bitewing films, taken at the baseline and at the 2-year registration. Diet history was obtained four times during the period. Oral hygiene was classified according to the number of bleeding points registered with a feather-loaded probe at the final examination. Caries increments on the control side during the experimental period were calculated for groups with the same habits. A logical border with respect to the amount of new caries was then established between suitable and unsuitable dietary habits as well as between sufficient and insufficient oral hygiene. No statistically significant difference was found between the control and experimental subgroups in the different combinations of dietary and oral hygiene habits, neither with respect to the whole material nor comparable contralateral surfaces. The numerical differences were so small that the technique of flossing studied here cannot be recommended.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oral administration of calcium carbonate, Camalox and Novalucol on plasma gastrin concentration in duodenal ulcer patients.

In 6 patients having duodenal ulcer disease plasma gastrin concentrations were determined before and after the oral administration of 0.5--2 g of calcium carbonate, 2--4 tablets of Camalox and 2 tablets of Novalucol. No significant influence on basal plasma gastrin levels was noted indicating that antacids, whether they contain calcium carbonate or not, do not influence the basal plasma concentration of gastrin at occasional administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Nuclear segmentation in goitre aspirates.

Nuglear segmentation was studied in fine needle aspirate smears from toxic and atoxic goitres. The smear technique implies a flattening of the nuclei on a slide, which facilitates detection of nuclear segmentation. Such segmentation was found in 2.2% of the nuclei in toxic goitres and in 0.9% in atoxic goitres. The difference was highly significant p less than 0.001. The segmented cells were usually of uniform appearance with one large and one small segment. Only very rarely were more than two segments seen.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Affinity chromatography of influenza virus on immobilized alpha- and beta-ketosides of neuraminic acid derivatives.

In order to purify influenza viruses which contain neuraminidase as a constituent of the virus-coat surface, a study was made of the affinity of formaldehyde-inactivated viruses for immobilized ketosides of neruaminic acid derivatives. Attempted desorption of viruses bound to columns of the conjugates was performed by addition of the benzyl alpha-ketoside of N-acetylneuraminic acid to the eluent. The conjugates with alpha-ketosidically bound neuraminic acids adsorbed virus which could be desorbed with the enzyme substrate. When beta-ketosidically immobilized N-acetylneuraminic acid was saturated with virus and the conjugate was washed with buffer until it was free from neuraminidase activity, no more virus could be desorbed with neuraminidase substrate-containing eluents. However, addition of substrate to the buffer during the washing procedure resulted in a neuraminidase activity peak in the effluent. All conjugates bound firmly a portion of the viruses, which remained on the sorbents even after excessive treatment with eluent containing the neuraminidase substrate. When the conjugates were saturated with virus, all sites which bound the viruses strongly were blocked, and the remaining binding sites could be utilized for reversible adsorption of the viruses. Using this method, crude influenza virus vaccine could be separated into allantoic-fluid components and pure virus. Centrifugation of the virus preparation in a sucrose gradient indicated that this column procedure did not solubilize the viral neuraminidase. Using freshly prepared non-inactivated influenza virus, the portion of gel-bound viruses which could not be desorbed by neuraminidase substrate was diminished.

Adsorption↗