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Biomedical subjects

G Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Nilsson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The precision of the conjunctival provocation test.

Repeated conjunctival provocation tests (CPT) were done in 20 children with rhino-conjunctivitis due to birch pollen allergy. Compared with the first open challenge, three successive blinded CPTs were reproducible within an allergen strength difference of one 10-potency in 92% of the tests. Based on the data, a power function was constructed, making it possible to determine the number of patients needed to discriminate CPT sensitivity of a given magnitude between two populations. During the study period specific serum-IgE increased in only three of 19 patients, indicating that stimulation of IgE antibody production is not a common consequence of repeated tests. We conclude that CPT is useful in clinical research. When indicated in clinical routine, CPT is a safe and easy test with good precision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction in the postpartum period.

The prevalence of thyroid disease was investigated in 460 Caucasian women after delivery. Thyroid microsomal antibodies (MsAb) were found in 44 (9.6%) of the women. These women appeared to have autoimmune thyroiditis. The changes in MsAb titers followed a predictable pattern with maximal values around 5-7 months postpartum. At this time 20 of these women had transient hypothyroidism and in some this was preceded by a thyrotoxic episode. The extent of postpartum hypothyroidism correlated well with the titers of MsAb in early pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Transient thyrotoxicosis occurred in eight women 5-7 months postpartum. TSH-receptor stimulating antibodies and/or high radioiodine uptake, suggesting Graves' disease, were detected in four of these women. Thus, after delivery, manifestations of autoimmune thyroid disorders, are remarkably common. In patients with autoimmune thyroiditis measurements of MsAb provide a good prognostic marker for the development of transient hypothyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Skin irritancy from propylene glycol.

Two sensitive methods for the assessment of skin irritancy reactions to propylene glycol (PG) have been used: laser Doppler flowmetry in man for erythema and skin fold thickness measurements in man, guinea pigs and rabbits for edema. Single (open and occlusive) and repeated (open) exposures were used. Trafuril was used as positive control for the flowmetric studies. In man an increased blood flow was recorded only when PG was applied under occlusion. A statistically significant increase in skin fold thickness was observed from day 7 in the guinea pig, but not in man (daily exposures for 36 days). It is concluded that occlusion seems to be a crucial factor and that skin fold thickness measurements in guinea pigs and rabbits is a useful, complementary method for the detection and prediction of marginal irritants.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of duodenal feeding on serum gastrin and acid response to pentagastrin in cats.

Five cats were provided with a gastric fistula (GF) and a Heidenhain pouch (HP), and the proximal small intestine was excluded and provided with a duodenal fistula. A protein-rich meal, introduced into the duodenum (duodenal feeding) caused no serum gastrin increase, which supports our previous conclusion that duodenal gastrin is of no significance for the postprandial acid secretion in cats. However, duodenal feeding potentiated the maximal GF and HP acid responses to pentagastrin, suggesting that the proximal small intestine is implicated in the postprandial acid stimulation in cats via a humoral factor that is distinct from gastrin and cholecystokinin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Molecular forms of gastrin in canine duodenum after antrectomy.

Extracts of the proximal third of the duodenum from 8 antrectomized dogs with the gastrointestinal continuity restored by gastroduodenostomy (n = 4) or gastrojejunostomy (n = 4) as well as from 4 unoperated controls were subjected to gel chromatography. The eluates were all assayed using two different gastrin antisera, one directed against the COOH-terminal end of gastrin and the other directed against the NH2-terminal end of gastrin-17. The gastrin component pattern was very similar in all antrectomized dogs regardless if they had a gastroduodenostomy or a gastrojejunostomy. Gastrin-17 was found to dominate while the amount of gastrin-34 was at most one tenth of that of gastrin-17. Using the COOH-terminal directed antiserum approximately 15% (mean value) of the total gastrin-like immunoreactivity eluted in a peak appearing in the same region as the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin. In unoperated control dogs the corresponding peak constituted approximately 70% (mean value) of the total gastrin-like immunoreactivity. In two of the control dogs small amounts of gastrin-like immunoreactivity appeared at the elution volumes of gastrin-34 and gastrin-17. In the duodenal extracts of all dogs gastrin-like immunoreactivity was found between the elution sites of gastrin-34 and gastrin-17. This material probably represents cholecystokinin-33. The present results show that the increase in duodenal gastrin found after antrectomy, which we have reported previously, is due mainly to an increase in gastrin-17.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Colon cleansing regimens. A clinical study in 1200 patients.

The purgative effect of bisacodyl, anthraquinone glycosides (Cascara), and sodium picosulfate, alone or in combination with a saline purge and a tap water enema, was studied in 1200 patients. The cleansing effect was scored with regard to retained fecal residue evident on double-contrast studies of the colon. The combination of a contact laxative and a saline purge produced good cleansing effect in 52%-80% of the patients. With an additional tap water enema given 1 hour before the colon examination, however, 96% of the colons were clean. The taste and the effects of the cleansing systems were tolerated favorably by more than 90% of the patients. However, 17% reported restriction in work capacity on the day of bowel cleansing.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of two substance P antisera.

The cross reactivity of two currently used substance P (SP) antisera (K 16 and K 25) with various analogues of SP, partial sequences of SP and other naturally occurring peptides were tested in a radioimmunoassay system. Both antisera were found to be C-terminal directed, this tendency being most pronounced for antiserum K 16. The capacity of antiserum K 25 to bind various SP-related peptides correlated to the previously described biological activity of these peptides on the isolated guinea pig ileum. The results thus indicate that this antiserum binds to a biologically active part of the SP-molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Increase in duodenal tissue gastrin in dogs following antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy and after total gastrectomy with oesophagoduodenostomy.

The gastrin concentration in plasma and duodenal tissue was determined in dogs following antrectomy and total gastrectomy as well as in unoperated control animals. The first week after both types of operations, during which time the dogs were parenterally fed the basal plasma gastrin concentration was markedly reduced, and then it slightly increased. The increase in plasma gastrin concentration from the second postoperative week until sacrifice was found to be statistically significant in one of six antrectomized dogs and in two of three dogs in which the whole stomach had been resected. In unoperated controls the gastrin concentration in the proximal third of the duodenum was found to be 6.8 +/- 0.8 pmol/g tissue wet weight (mean value +/- SE, n = 11). Following antrectomy a time dependent increase was seen, the corresponding values being 11.0 +/- 2.5 (n = 4), 36.4 +/- 15.7 (n = 6) and 136.1 +/- 44.2 (n = 6) pmol/g at 3, 9-10 and 14-16 weeks after operation, respectively. A similar increase was seen following total gastrectomy. 8 weeks after this type of operation the concentration was 22.2 +/- 12.5 (n = 3) pmol/g. The gastrin concentration of the middle and distal thirds of the duodenum was not changed by the operations. The results show that removal of the main source of gastrin, i.e. the pyloric antrum, induces an increase in the tissue level of gastrin in the upper portion of the duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of antrectomy on the number of gastrin-immunoreactive cells in the canine duodenum.

The number of gastrin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenum was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 10 dogs that had been subjected to antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I), in 4 dogs in which an antrectomy with gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II) had been performed and in 4 unoperated controls. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were found only in dogs that had been subjected to antrectomy ad modum Billroth I and then only within the first 30 mm of the duodenum, i.e. in the duodenal bulb. The gastrin cells occurred scattered on the villi, in the crypts and within the glands of Brunner. In 3 of the dogs patches of antral-type mucosa occurred within the first 10 mm of the duodenum. All dogs in which gastrin-immunoreactive cells were found have in a previous study been shown to have a markedly increased tissue concentration of gastrin in the proximal third of the duodenum compared to unoperated controls. In the dogs subjected to antrectomy ad modum Billroth II in which no cells were observed the level of gastrin in duodenal tissue has been found to be moderately elevated compared to that of control dogs. The results indicate that the increased gastrin concentration in the proximal third of the duodenum following antrectomy ad modum Billroth I corresponds to an increase in the number of gastrin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenal bulb.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Long-term control of reciprocating paroxysmal tachycardia by ventricular pacing in a case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

A patient is described with a complex electrocardiographic pattern, including preexcitation, grade 1 atrioventricular block, reciprocal rhythm of atrial origin, and frequent attacks of reciprocating tachycardia at a rate of about 135 beats per minute. Long-term control of these attacks was obtained by synchronous ventricular pacing at 80 beats a minute, which was below the rate during the attacks of tachycardia and above the spontaneous heart rate between the attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical studies on the effect of capsaicin on spinal and medullary peptide and monoamine neurons using antisera to substance P, gastrin/CCK, somatostatin, VIP, enkephalin, neurotensin and 5-hydroxytryptamine.

After neonatal treatment of rats with capsaicin, the spinal cord, the spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal and trigeminal ganglia were analysed with immunohistochemistry using antisera to several peptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine. A marked decrease was observed in substance P-, cholecystokinin-, somatostatin- and VIP-like immunoreactivity present in the central branches of primary sensory neurons in the spinal cord and in substance P- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in sensory ganglion cells. No definite depleting effect of capsaicin could be established on 5-hydroxytryptamine and peptides, such as enkephalin and neurotensin, present in centrally originating fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The results demonstrate that the effects of capsaicin are not confined to substance P immunoreactive primary sensory neurons. The possibility is discussed that capsaicin effects specifically functioning rather than chemically specific primary sensory neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Statistical aspects of cell motility determinations with a modified chemotaxis assembly for multiwell filter assays.

A multiple chamber assembly for determination of neutrophil migration consisting of disposable lower plastic chambers and an easily cleaned and inert upper chamber made of stainless steel was constructed and used in experimental work. Using results of chemotaxis determinations in the assembly and a statistical model the consequences of various ways to present cell migration data are discussed. With any method for multiple measurements of chemotaxis of cells from a given sample, there are occasional extreme results ('outliers') deviating considerably from other determinations. We show that the medians of chemotaxis determinations performed in triplicate are less influenced by such outliers than the mean values. The risk of an outlier affecting the median value was in our assembly about 0.2%, compared with a 10% chance of influencing the mean value.

Cell Movement↗