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Biomedical subjects

G Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Nilsson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Plasma gastrin concentrations following sham feeding in duodenal ulcer patients.

Sham feeding experiments were performed in 20 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients by using adequate sham feeding and modified sham feeding (the 'chew-and-spit' technique). A 15-min sham feeding induced a marked secretion of gastric acid but only an insignificant increase in total gastrin or in gastrin17 concentrations in plasma. Nor did prolonged sham feeding (30 min) with intragastric neutralization significantly increase the gastrin concentrations. We conclude that sham feeding in DU patients induces a release of recognized gastrin components in amounts that are barely detectable radioimmunologically. Therefore, the acid secretory effects of vagally released gastrins in DU patients remains to be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Studies on duodenal gastrin concentrations in dogs following antrectomy and total gastrectomy.

In extracts of the normal duodenum from dog minute amounts (2%) of gastrin are present compared to those extracted from the pyloric antrum (4). Despite that, basal levels of gastrin in plasma are not lowered when the antrum is surgically removed and test meal stimulation still significantly elevates the concentrations of plasma gastrin. When also the duodenal bulb is surgically removed basal gastrin levels decrease considerably and stimulation by a meal no longer raises the gastrin concentration in plasma (5). The related results suggest that extra-antral release of gastrin may take place under basal and stimulated conditions in dogs and that this release essentially occurs from the proximal portion of the duodenum, i.e. the duodenal bulb. Considering the low amounts of gastrin normally present in the duodenum of dog we found that levels of gastrin in plasma under basal and stimulated conditions after antrectomy surprisingly high and have therefore put forward the hypothesis that a compensatory increase in duodenal gastrin content takes place when the antrum is surgically removed (3). In the present study the relation between time following antrectomy and duodenal concentration of gastrin has been studied. In addition we also investigated how total gastrectomy influences the gastrin content of duodenum in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Substance P-, VIP-, and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the human vagus nerve.

The human vagus nerve has been investigated for the presence of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and enkephalin (ENK) using immunohistochemistry. After 0.5-4 hr of nerve ligation during surgical operations two right thoracic main truncs, two anterior subdiaphragmal trunks, and four anterior nerves of Latarjet were found to contain accumulation of immunoreactive material in nerve fibers above the ligation. Very high numbers of SP-, medium numbers of ENK-, and low number of VIP-immunoreactive fibers were seen. The relative proportions were similar at all levels studied. These data thus indicate the presence and axonal transport of SP-, ENK-, and VIP-like peptides in the human vagus nerve. Our observations in humans correlate well with results obtained from other species. Thus gastrointestinal vagal sensory mechanisms may be mediated by SP (and possibly VIP) and some motor mechanisms by ENK.

Endorphins↗
PubMed1978

VIP-, enkephalin-, substance P- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in neurons intrinsic to the intestine: immunohistochemical evidence from organotypic tissue cultures.

Small intestine from 18-day fetal mice grown for 3 weeks in organotypic tissue culture was found to contain numerous VIP, enkephalin, substance P and some somatostatin immunoreactive nerve fibers. Since these cultures should be devoid of all afferent or other extrinsic neuronal inputs, it is concluded that there are VIP, enkephalin, substance P and somatostatin containing neurons intrinsic to the intestinal wall. However, all 4 peptides may also be present in neurons originating outside the gastrointestinal tract as well as in the intrinsic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Substance P-like immunoreactivity in cultured spinal ganglia from chick embryos.

The localization of substance P (SP) or a SP-like peptide in cultured ganglia from chick embryos was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Ganglia from 8-16 days old chick embryos and from newly hatched chickens were cultured in a control medium or in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). Addition of colchicine and exposure to different explanted peripheral tissues were also tried. Ganglia from the younger embryos (8-12 days) cultured for 24 h with added NGF showed a weak SP-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in some cell bodies and strong specific immunofluorescence in nerve fibres growing out from the ganglia. In spinal ganglia of the older embryos (14 and 16 days) and newly hatched chickens cultured with and without NGF the concentration of SPLI in the cell bodies was considerably higher. Addition of colchicine to spinal ganglia cultured 12 h in NGF-medium, resulted in retraction of nerve fibres and strongly fluorescent, expanded nerve fibres were observed in peripheral parts of the ganglia. Explants of skin placed near the spinal ganglia stimulated the outgrowth of fibres, some of them containing SPLI. A few fluorescent fibres were also seen within the skin explants. Also heart tissue explants stimulated outgrowth of nerve fibres, but innervation of these explants with SPLI-containing nerves could not be observed. Nerve fibre-extension from the spinal ganglia was not stimulated by spinal cord explants. The present results support the existence of SP-containing primary sensory neurons in chickens.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Dense plexus of substance P immunoreactive nerve terminals in eminentia medialis of the primate hypothalamus.

The indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators was used to study the distribution of substance P-like and luliberin (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone)-like immunoreactivity in the eminentia mediana (eminentia medialis or infundibulum) of rats, monkeys, and human beings. In rats, abundant luliberin-positive fibers were present in the external layer (mainly lateral parts) whereas almost no substance P-immunoreactive nerves were observed in this region. In contrast, in the external layer of the primate eminentia medialis a dense plexus of substance P-positive nerve terminals was observed close to the blood vessels supplying the anterior pituitary gland. Luliberin-immunoreactive fibers were also present, but with a more even distribution all over the eminentia medialis and in lower numbers. The present findings indicate that substance P may play a role in the control of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary, either by being released into the portal vessels, i.e., acting as a releasing or inhibitory hormone, or by an action as local regulator (modulator or transmitter) at the level of the eminentia medialis. Thus, in agreement with many earlier studies, substances other than the "classical" releasing and inhibitory hormones may be important for the regulation of the pituitary gland. Furthermore, there may exist marked species differences with regard to the type of substances involved in the central control of the pituitary.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Peptide neurons in peripheral tissues including the urinary tract: immunohistochemical studies.

Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators, neurons containing substance P-, enkephalin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)--and somatostatin-like immuno-reactivity have been identified in the peripheral nervous system. They have a widespread distribution, particularly in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Whereas part of these peptide containing fibres may belong to sensory neurons, the majority seem to have their origin in peripheral autonomic ganglia, indicating a complex built up of the autonomic nervous system. There is evidence that some noradrenergic neurons contain somatostatin, which may suggest that one neuron can synthesize and store two transmitters. The significance of such neurons, as well as of peripheral peptide neurons in general, remains to be elucidated.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1978

Micronuclei studied in fine needle goitre aspirates.

Small nuclei at the size level of 1--3 mu--micronuclei--were studied in fine needle goitre aspirates. The greatest frequency of such structures was found in carcinomas, toxic goitres, and lymphoid thyroiditis, but even in the cases where they were found in greatest numbers, these structures comprised only a few promille of the nuclei. The possible significance of the micronuclei, especially with regard to carcinogenesis, is discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗