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Biomedical subjects

G Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Nilsson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Endocrine cells in the human colorectal mucosa: immunocytochemical observations on patients with prolapse or internal procidentia of the rectum.

We have examined the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells storing serotonin and the regulatory peptides somatostatin, glicentin, peptide YY in rectal mucosa on 16 patients with prolapse or intussusception of the rectum. There were no significant differences compared with normal rectal mucosa. Our results do not support the assumption that these endocrine cells of the rectum are involved in the pathophysiology of rectal prolapse.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1987

Effect of premature termination of translation on mRNA stability depends on the site of ribosome release.

Translational stop codons were introduced at various locations in the protein-coding regions of the monocistronic bla and ompA gene transcripts of Escherichia coli, and the decay characteristics of the upstream and downstream mRNA segments were analyzed. Premature termination of translation at codon position 26 reduced the stability of both the translated and ribosome-free segments of bla mRNA, whereas release of ribosomes just 30 codons further downstream resulted in normal stability for both segments. Normal stability of an untranslated bla gene mRNA segment required its linkage to a ribosome-bound segment of bla gene mRNA. These findings indicate that depriving an mRNA segment of ribosomes does not necessarily render it more susceptible to degradation. However, premature termination of translation at a location that allows ribosomes to traverse only a short segment of bla mRNA can lead to destabilization of the entire transcript.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Expression of an interferon-alpha gene variant in E. coli using tandemly repeated synthetic ribosomal binding sites.

A human interferon-alpha 2 gene variant was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tryptophan operon promoter and of a series of synthetic partially overlapping ribosomal binding sites, which control initiation of translation. Variation in the distance between the start codon and such a set of ribosomal binding sites affected the level of interferon expression much less than previously described for single ribosomal binding sites.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Increased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone originating from atrial cardiocytes. It seems to be involved in the regulatory control of circulating volume and vascular tone. Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (IrANP) was investigated in 22 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (16 with atrial fibrillation, 4 with atrial flutter, one with a Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) and one with atrial tachycardia). During the aute attack, IrANP was significantly increased (125.3 +/- 11.4 pmol/l) compared to samples obtained during convalescence (55.9 +/- 4.7 pmol/l). Heart rate (HR) was 144 +/- 4.3 beats/min during the arrhythmia and 75 +/- 2.6 during convalescence. The reduction of IrANP in plasma from the acute attack of tachycardia to follow-up was significantly related to the reduction of HR (p less than 0.05). Irrespective of type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, 50% of the patients experienced polyuria during the attack. This symptom was more frequent in younger patients with a shorter duration of tachycardia. Polyuria patients had a higher HR during the attack of supraventricular tachycardia. Even though polyuria was not always found in the patients with the highest IrANP values, the symptom was associated with significantly higher concentrations of IrANP in plasma compared to the non-polyuria group. We conclude that IrANP is increased in plasma during acute attacks of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Furthermore, the polyuria frequently associated with this condition may partly be due to excess release of ANP from cardiac myocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Water intoxication associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.

Two cases of rheumatoid arthritis, who developed severe hyponatremia after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are presented. Early diagnosis was followed by rapid correction with hypertonic saline. It is suggested that NSAIDs, like piroxicam, diclofenac and indomethacin, may be added to the list of drugs which can induce syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The influence of substance P on the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals and birch pollen-allergic patients.

We have studied the influence of substance P (SP) on the proliferative response of concanavalin A (ConA)-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 birch pollen-allergic patients, sampled before and during the pollen season, and from 15 normal individuals. The median response to ConA 3 micrograms/ml in the presence of SP 10(-11)-10(-6) M, was in most instances within +/- 10% of the control value for cells from both healthy and atopic individuals. However, the individual differences were considerable. Analysis of the proliferative responses to ConA of the cells from the allergic patients sampled before and during season, revealed higher responses in the presence of 10(-6) than of 10(-7) M SP. This was in contrast to the findings in the normal individuals: only half of their cells showed such increased responses. This difference in response frequency was statistically significant between allergic patients before season and normal individuals (P less than 0.05) and between allergic patients during season and normal individuals (P less than 0.01). The difference in proliferation rate in the SP concentration interval, 10(-6) to 10(-7) M, for the cells from allergic patients, sampled both before and during season, was significantly different from the cells from healthy individuals (P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.001 respectively). The cells sampled from four allergic subjects during the birch pollen season showed a more profoundly decreased response to ConA in the presence of SP 10(-8) M, compared with their cells sampled before season. Such responses were never seen with cells sampled before season and with cells from normal individuals. The results suggest an involvement of SP in the immunoregulation, particularly in patients exhibiting allergic reactions to birch pollen.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Results of biological standardization with standardized allergen preparations.

The aim of biological standardization (BS) is to equilibrate the activity (potency) of allergen extracts from different source materials. This was done by performing skin prick tests (SPT) on patients who were sensitive to one of the following 10 allergens: Birch, alder, hazel, timothy, rye grass, velvet grass, cultivated rye, mugwort, D. farinae and Cladosporium herbarum. Patient sensitivity varied within a range of three to four powers of ten for each allergen investigated. The weal size in each patient corresponding to that elicited by histamine 1 mg/ml was calculated using the model log (mean weal diameter) = a + b log (concentration). The correlation coefficients of the regression lines of the allergen dose response relationship were found to be greater than 0.85 in most cases. The median slope for all extracts was 0.24. The slope for Cladosporium was significantly steeper than that for pollens. The amount of material in microgram dry weight (d.w./ml) equal to 1000 biological units/ml (BU/ml) varied within a factor of three between species for all tested purified allergen preparations but Cladosporium. For Cladosporium, about 30 times more material was needed than for D. farinae. When using crude rather than purified material, it was necessary to use five to ten times more to elicit a reaction corresponding to 1000 BU/ml, but the difference was significant only for Cladosporium. The narrow range of allergen concentrations used by us as well as other investigators does not assure positive skin prick test results in all patients with clinical symptoms due to the allergen in question. Skin prick testing should therefore be done over a wide range of concentrations to improve the methods for BS.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Dose response relationship of allergen, histamine, and histamine releasers in skin prick test and precision of the skin prick test method.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the dose response relationship of allergen, histamine and histamine releasers in skin prick test (SPT) and the precision of the SPT method. In one experiment timothy allergen, histamine HCl, rabbit anti-human-IgE and compound 48/80 were studied in seven patients. In a second experiment timothy allergen and histamine and dog allergen and histamine were investigated in two groups of 10 patients. Histamine HCl 1 and 10 mg/ml induced weals about 15 and 25 mm2 (4.5 and 5.5 mm in diameter), respectively. The precision as expressed by the coefficient of variation was about 25% for histamine and 40% for allergen for weal areas greater than 10 mm2. Calculations of the regression lines to test the dose response relationships were based on the method of least squares. The best fit was to a log/log model. The slopes of allergen, histamine and histamine releasers were essentially parallel within patients. The median slope of allergen was estimated to about 0.4 based on weal areas and 0.2 based on mean weal diameters. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the lower and upper parts of the dose response curves of allergen and histamine, although there was a tendency towards steeper slopes at lower concentrations. These results show that histamine concentrations greater than or equal to 1 mg/ml should be used as positive control in SPT and that histamine releasers do not offer advantages over histamine as reference substances in SPT. A common slope for the dose response relationship of allergen and histamine can be used for the estimation of skin sensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The effect of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (terlipressin INN, Glypressin) on skin blood flow, measured with laser Doppler flowmetry, thermography and plethysmography. A dose-response study.

Triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP) has been shown to reduce blood loss in connection with early excision of experimentally induced burns in pigs. In order to determine an appropriate dosage of TGLVP in patients with burns, a dose-response study was undertaken. TGLVP was administered intravenously in various doses to healthy volunteers, and skin blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry, thermography and plethysmography. Blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiac activity were monitored as well as serum and urine changes. The doses of 5, 10 and 20 micrograms TGLVP/kg b.wt. caused statistically significant reduction of skin blood flow; minimal values were 35, 26 and 25% of predrug values for the three doses, respectively. Thermography and plethysmography were less sensitive for detecting effects of TGLVP than laser Doppler flowmetry. Minor effects on blood pressure and heart rate were recorded after TGLVP, but no disturbances in electrocardiac activity. Urinalyses revealed an antidiuretic action of TGLVP. The study supports earlier findings and suggests a dose level of TGLVP for the use in excision of burns.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The precision of intracutaneous skin test with timothy pollen allergen preparation using two different techniques.

The precision of two intracutaneous skin test techniques was investigated by testing three grass pollen-sensitive patients. Twenty tests were performed on the back of each patient with each of two techniques. One method used a glass syringe with a 26 G precision needle attached to micrometer equipment. The other method used a disposable 1-mL plastic syringe with a disposable 20 G needle. The tests were arranged in five rows. Each row consisted of two pairs of tests on each side of the spine. Each pair was considered as duplicate tests at the same site. The two methods were tested on either side of the back. No difference in precision between the techniques was found. The analysis revealed differences in skin reactivity between different areas of the back of individual patients but without a common pattern between patients. These differences, therefore, will not influence test results if several patients are included in the investigation, eg, of the relative potency of allergenic extracts and the allocation of test sites is consistent. The variation found, however, will influence comparisons within the same patient, but in an unpredictable way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The stability of E. coli gene transcripts is dependent on determinants localized to specific mRNA segments.

To map the structural features responsible for the 5-fold difference in stability of the E. coli ompA and bla gene transcripts, we have constructed gene fusions that encode chimeric ompA/bla transcripts and a deletion that eliminates a large internal segment of bla mRNA. Shortening of bla transcripts by internal deletion or replacement of the 3' end with the corresponding segment of the ompA transcript had little effect on bla mRNA stability. However, fusion of a 5'-terminal 147 nucleotide segment of the ompA message 5' to full-length or truncated bla transcripts increased the half-life of the bla segments 3- to 5-fold. These and other findings indicate that E. coli transcripts contain discrete structural determinants of stability and instability that can influence the decay rate of linked mRNA segments derived from other genes.

Chimera↗
PubMed1985

Is abietic acid the allergenic component of colophony?

In order to investigate whether abietic acid itself is the allergenic component of colophony, 2 commercial samples were extensively purified and tested in guinea pigs and in colophony-sensitive patients. In the modified FCAT method, sensitization was obtained with Portuguese colophony and when challenged with purified abietic acid, the animals showed no reaction. In the GMPT method, the animals were exposed to purified abietic acid. Challenging with 2 different samples of it gave no significant reaction. When patch tested, patients sensitive to colophony showed no reactions to abietic acid which had been purified immediately before the test. It is concluded that abietic acid itself is not a contact allergen.

Abietanes↗
PubMed1985

Feline insular amyloid: immunohistochemical and immunochemical evidence that the amyloid is insulin-related.

Utilizing islet amyloid-laden pancreatic tissues from six diabetic cats, we demonstrated substantial immunoreactivity (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) of the islet amyloid with antiserum to a B chain-rich insulin fraction, but no reactivity with antisera to insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin. Islet amyloid was purified from two cats and a protein unique to the diabetic and islet amyloid-laden cats was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoreactivity of this protein with antiserum to the B chain-rich insulin fraction was also shown by immunoblotting. Attempts to obtain the amino acid composition of the purified unique protein (represented by a single 25,000 dalton band on gel electrophoresis) were not successful because the amount of protein was too small. These results provide important additional evidence that an insulin-related protein is involved in the formation of islet amyloid. Our study also shows that the diabetic cat provides several advantages for the continued study of the etiopathogenic relationship of islet amyloid and diabetes mellitus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Long-term ECG recordings in hyperthyroid patients before and after antithyroid treatment.

Heart rate and heart rhythm were studied in 19 hyperthyroid patients before and after antithyroid treatment inducing a euthyroid state. The mean 24-hour heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm and without drugs influencing heart rate was 100 beats/min before and 80 after antithyroid treatment. The difference was greatest in the sleeping hours. The heart rate, especially in the sleeping hours, correlated significantly with serum triiodothyronine but not with serum thyroxine concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fine needle aspiration compared with scintigraphy for detection of liver neoplasia.

The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration and scintigraphy was compared prospectively in a series of cases of suspected liver neoplasm. The results of both techniques showed a close correlation to final diagnosis. Biopsy, easily and rapidly performed with simple equipments, is a cost-saving procedure with as good a sensitivity as scintigraphy. Furthermore, the possible finding of specific cytological pictures of primary liver carcinoma or tumours of the amino precursor uptake decarboxylating cell series lend further weight to the biopsy technique.

Adult↗