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Biomedical subjects

G Marchal

Publications and source records attributed to G Marchal.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Early diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome by computed tomography and ultrasonography: report of five cases.

In 5 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, computed tomography after intravenous bolus injection of iodinated contrast agents demonstrated images not previously seen in other diseases. The images are compatible with stagnation of contrast material at the periphery of the liver. In 3 of the 5 cases, grey-scale ultrasonography failed to document the normal hepatic veins draining into the inferior caval vein, but showed an intrahepatic network of comma-shaped venous structures. It is proposed that these two noninvasive approaches can help in establishing an early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dynamic CT of the urogenital tract.

The theoretical basis for and the technique of intravenous contrast enhancement by bolus injection for dynamic CT examination of the kidney are described. The clinical applications of this method include the study of normal vascular anatomy of the kidney, congenital kidney abnormalities and form variants, space-occupying lesions, and kidney trauma. In tumoral lesions of the kidney, dynamic CT aids in detecting the lesion as well as in the tumor staging and evaluating operability. CT time density curves can be used to study disturbances in renal perfusion, but the clinical value of this method needs further confirmation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Local adoptive transfer of skin delayed-type hypersensitivity initiated by a single T lymphocyte.

In vivo primed T cells injected in the footpad of naive recipients elicit a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the presence of their specific antigen. The values of the footpad swelling obtained after these transfers show a clear distinction between negative and positive responses. Serial dilutions of primed T cell populations allow the establishment of titration curves by limiting dilution analysis according to Poisson distribution. The single hit titration curve indicates that a unique cell type underlies the DTH reaction. Furthermore, by using cloned T cells it can be demonstrated that the transfer of a single cell is able to initiate a DTH reaction. The revelation of T cell activity at unit level needs an optimal dose of antigen mixed with the sampled cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Sonography of perirenal hematoma after percutaneous renal biopsy in children].

Gray scale ultrasonography was used to evaluate the incidence of renal or perirenal hematoma in children after percutaneous renal biopsy. On a total of 57 infants and children, we found perirenal hematoma in 10 cases or 16%. In an additional patient with macroscopic hematuria, ultrasound revealed pelvic obstruction due to clot formation. In this study the clinical findings and hematocrit were not really contributive in the detection of hematoma, making ultrasound the method of choice to monitor post biopsy complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the neonatal period: association with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

Two brothers with the neonatal presentation of dominant polycystic kidney disease are reported. The first infant died shortly after birth; autopsy revealed polycystic kidneys. The second infant had two markedly enlarged kidneys at birth. Intravenous pyelography at the age of 10 days showed typical images as observed in the recessive form of polycystic kidney disease. Kidney biopsy showed cystic dilation involving all parts of the nephron; the liver biopsy did not show any abnormality. Severe arterial hypertension was a major problem in the first six months of life. At the age of 3 and 5 years, respectively, the patient developed intracerebral hemorrhage, which was due to a complex intracerebral arteriovenous malformation. At the age of 8 years the boy had chronic renal failure and spastic quadriplegia. Previously unsuspected polycystic kidneys were found in the father during the family study.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonography for assessment of bleeding after percutaneous renal biopsy in children.

Ultrasonography has been used to assess renal bleeding after percutaneous renal biopsy in 57 infants and children. A perirenal hematoma was found in 10 patients i.e. an incidence of 16 per cent. An additional patient with heavy hematuria and temporary obstruction of the pelvis due to clot formation had an enlarged kidney and pelvicalyceal dilatation on ultrasound examination. We did not find a correlation between the clinical findings, the fall in hematocrit and the presence of a hematoma. Ultrasound can be regarded as the method of choice for monitoring renal bleeding in children who have undergone kidney biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Variability of the hepatic arterial anatomy: a sonographic demonstration.

The variable origin of the hepatic arteries is well known from pathological and angiographic studies. Four main variants have been described. The common hepatic artery arising from the celiac artery is the most common type found in 70% of subjects. It can be helpful to be aware of the different patterns of hepatic artery branching in the interpretation of ultrasound examinations. This anatomy is most easily demonstrated by the use of real-time equipment.

Hepatic Artery↗
PubMed1981

A boy with Leydig cell tumour and precocious puberty: ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid.

A 7 1/2 year-old boy developed pseudoprecocious puberty. The diagnosis of Leydig cell tumour was suggested by clinical and hormonal findings and greatly facilitated by ultrasonographic investigation of the testes. Surgical exploration was in keeping with the diagnosis and the tumour was removed. Orchidectomy was not necessary. It appears that ultrasonography may be very useful in diagnosing a testicular tumour. It facilitates surgical intervention since it permits localization of the lesion which is usually very small and limited to a small part of the testis, as in this case.

Child↗
PubMed1981

A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated by a single T lymphocyte.

In vivo primed T cells injected into the footpad of naïve recipients elicit a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the presence of their specific antigen. Serial dilutions of primed T cell populations were used in order to score positive and negative transfers. The values for the footpad swelling obtained after these transfers followed a bimodal distribution. This clear bimodal distribution with no overlapping between positive and negative transfers suggested that a single cell initiates the DTH reaction. Limiting dilutions of cloned T cells transferred with their antigen allowed us to demonstrate that a single cell is able to transfer a specific DTH reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Decreased erythropoiesis: the origin of the BCG induced anaemia in mice.

Transient anaemia follows a high dose of viable BCG given intravenously to mice. The anaemia was dependent upon the dose, viability and the route of injection of the BCG. The evidence of an absolute anemia was based on red cell mass decrease. Serum iron concentration and red cell life span were unchanged in the first 14 d after BCG infection. The erythropoietin level increased 20-fold. Despite the high level of this hormone and the appearance of increased erythropoiesis in the spleen, the production of erythrocytes was decreased presumably because of a decrease in numbers of erythropoietin-responsive cells.

Anemia↗
PubMed1981

Glucagon immunoreactivity and antidiabetic action of somatostatin in the totally duodeno-pancreatectomized and gastrectomized human.

Ten patients who had been totally duodeno-pancreatectomized and totally (N = 1) or partially gastrectomized (N = 9) for chronic pancreatitis (N = 9) or pancreatic carcinoma (N = 1) were investigated. None had a measurable basal level of either plasma C-peptide or a C-peptide response to i.v. glucagon. Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was present in all patients, and the mean level (69 +/- 8 pg/ml) was not significantly different from the mean observed in normal subjects (81 +/- 16 pg/ml). Plasma IRG was unequivocally stimulated by arginine in 2 of the 10 subjects. The effect of somatostatin on plasma glucose and IRG during an oral glucose tolerance test was studied in 5 of the 10 patients. The effects of somatostatin on spontaneous hyperglycemia, plasma growth hormone, and IRG after withdrawal of insulin treatment was studied in 4 patients. Somatostatin blunted both the hyperglycemic and paradoxical IRG responses to the glucose challenge, and reduced the spontaneous rise of blood glucose that occurred after insulin withdrawal. This latter effect was not related to clear-cut changes in plasma growth hormone or in IRG. These data confirm the existence of circulating IRG in pancreatectomized patients and demonstrate the presence of circulating IRG in a completely gastrectomized and pancreatectomized patient. The somatostatin-induced improvement in glucose tolerance in the oral glucose tolerance test seems to be related to a reduction of the paradoxical IRG response. In contrast, the inhibition by somatostatin of the rise in blood glucose which occurs after insulin withdrawal does not seem to be mediated through IRG or growth hormone.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Life cycle of scabies mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis) studied by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)].

The life history of the Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis has been studied with a scanning electron microscope on crusts of a patient with hyperkeratotic (Norwegian) scabies, Eggs, embedded in an amorphous material, are laid in tiers on the parakeratotic floor of the burrow. Once larval maturation has been completed, eggs are cut out from inside and the larvae leave the shells which remain attached to the neighbouring corneocytes. The moults are easily recognized and give us a view on the hidden face of dorsal spines and bristles.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography.

The authors report the preliminary results obtained with a prototype of a digital subtraction unit in intravenous aortography. This new method in its actual state of development is not able to replace conventional arteriography. The new technique can be applied in selected clinical conditions where conventional arteriography is contraindicated or impossible. Further improvement of the spatial resolution of the digital image and reduction of the amount of contrast medium may extend clinical applications of this method which may be able to reduce substantially the cost and morbidity of angiography.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonic appearance of the filled and contracted normal gallbladder.

The echographic appearance of the wall of normal well-filled and contracted gallbladders was studied prospectively in 25 persons. Using gray-scale equipment, the wall of the filled gallbladder appeared as a single reflecting structure, whereas during contraction, three different components could be distinguished. The exact recognition of this particular pattern is important in the differential diagnosis of real wall thickening and incomplete contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Applications of specific vascular opacification in CT of the upper abdomen.

Selective visualization of the arterial and venous structures by CT slices during the early vascular phase after a bolus injection has proven to be a great value in resolving the problems of false images, created by incorporation of these vascular structures in the silhouettes of abdominal organs. This constitutes an important advance in the study and differentiation of pseudopancreas pathology, pseudolacunar images in the hapatic parenchyma and in the study of the porta hepatis.

Abdomen↗