CT and US features of bilateral peripelvic cysts.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
G Marchal
Publications and source records attributed to G Marchal.
[GABAergic control of hypophyseal gonadotropic function and prolactin. Demonstration by valproic acid].
While there is well-known evidence for dopaminergic control over gonadotrophic and Prolactin functions, the way gamma-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) acts and the routes through which it acts are not so well known. Valproic acid stimulates cerebral Gabaergic tracts. It was therefore used by the authors to study first the basal levels of LH FSH and Prolactin and the way they reacted after two months treatment with this anti-convulsant. The authors noted a decrease of LH-RH stimulated LH and a decrease of the basal levels or Prolactin in TRH stimulated Prolactin. So Gaba can be a neuro-modulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, acting synergically with the dopaminergic tracts to decrease Prolactin secretion but opposing the dopaminergic tracts in the control over LH.
Adult↗
[Sclerosing cholangitis following surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver. Probable role of the formol injection of bile ducts].
Three cases of secondary sclerosing cholangitis which developed during the early postoperative phase of surgical treatment of hydatid liver cysts are reported. The cysts had ruptured into the biliary tree and the treatment consisted of infection of formol into the cysts. Evolution was pejorative since one patient died within 3 months and the remaining two underwent liver transplantation following biliary sclerosis. An experimental protocol using dogs has shown that the injection of 5, 10 and 20 p. 100 formalin into normal bile ducts rapidly causes sclerosing cholangitis which often leads to death. In man, it is very likely that the contact of 2 p. 100 formalin with mucosal tissue damaged by episodes of cholangitis could result in sclerosing cholangitis. These observations should be sufficient to discourage the use of formalin to sterilize hydatid cysts of the liver.
Adolescent↗
[Coronary complications of Horton's disease: precipitating role of corticoids?].
We report the case of an 85-year-old man with perfectly controlled hypertension and coronary insufficiency who presented with typical giant cell arteritis (GCA). Thirty-six hours after initiation of prednisolone therapy (1 mg/kg/d), acute coronary insufficiency with non-transmural infarction occurred. Outcome was favorable despite disturbances in heart rhythm. A review of the literature disclosed five cases of myocardial infarction related to GCA, confirmed upon pathological examination. Three out of five myocardial infarctions occurred between the third and seventh treatment days. These findings suggest that corticosteroids may be responsible for coronary complications which arise during the first days of GCA treatment. Furthermore, they justify close monitoring during the initial phase of treatment in patients with coronary diseases.
Aged↗
A new assay suitable for enumeration of murine progenitors of granulo-monocytes and for rapid automated assessment of granulo-monocyte growth factors.
A simple and reproducible assay is described for enumerating the progenitors of granulocytes (G) and monocytes (M) present in either the bone marrow or spleen of mice. This assay is based upon the plating of different dilutions of test cells in the wells of Terasaki plates. Negative and positive wells for presence of G and M are scored 7 days later. Minimal estimates of GM progenitors frequency are obtained by analysis of the Poisson distribution relationship between the percentage of non-responding microcultures and the numbers of cells plated. This liquid microculture assay offers many advantages: (1) the ability to assay directly in situ at clonal level different enzymatic activities like non-specific esterase; (2) the ability to screen within 3 days the presence of GM growth factors by measuring the [3H]thymidine uptake of proliferating responsive cells.
Animals↗
Cyclosporin A inhibits the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction: impaired production of early pro-inflammatory mediator(s).
The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) elicited in mice by sheep red blood cells was investigated. Evidence is presented that a single injection of CsA adversely affects the inflammatory reaction. Sensitized T lymphocytes initiate the DTH reaction by their recruiting activity on phagocytic cells which infiltrate the cutaneous site of antigen deposition. CsA administration has no adverse effect on the recruitment of phagocytic cells at the site of the inflammatory reaction. The present studies show that CsA acts on specific T cells: (a) in adoptive transfer, T-DTH-mediating cells cannot elicit a response in mice treated with CsA 8 h before; (b) when collected 8 h after a single injection of CsA, T-DTH-mediating lymphocytes are no longer able to adoptively transfer the reaction. This conclusion is strengthened by in vitro studies: (a) the frequency of T-DTH-mediating lymphocytes is 50-fold decreased after a short in vitro incubation with CsA; (b) in vitro production by concanavalin A-activated lymphocytes of chemotactic pro-inflammatory mediator(s) is abolished in presence of CsA.
Animals↗
Sonographic diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct neoplasm: a report of 3 cases.
Intraluminal growing tumors of the bile duct are uncommon causes of jaundice. The sonographic appearance of 2 hilar cholangiocarcinomas or Klatskin tumors and a benign extrahepatic biliary cystadenoma is described. Compared to contrast studies of the bile ducts, sonography better defined the intraductal character of the neoplasms. However, the ultrasound appearance did not allow differentiation between the adenocarcinomas and the benign cystadenoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Prophylactic use of cefotaxime in colonic and rectal surgery.
Two hundred and seventeen patients, undergoing abdominal colonic and rectal surgery, received after randomization, the following regimen: group A (74 patients): cefotaxime 1 g intravenous at the induction of anaesthesia, the beginning of the resection, 4 and 8 h later; group B (72 patients): cefotaxime in the same regimen associated with ornidazole or metronidazole 0.5 g intravenous at the induction of anaesthesia and 0.5 g intravenous with the last injection of cefotaxime; group C (71 patients):cefotaxime following the same regimen as groups A and B and metronidazole orally 0.5 tds 3 days before surgery. All wounds were assessed daily, until discharge from hospital. Severe sepsis included: septicaemia, peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess and extra-abdominal infections with death. Non-severe sepsis included all others. All the patients having a history of allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics and those with pre-operative infection were excluded. Mean age of the population was: 64.5 years. Seventy-seven patients had rectal cancer and 82 patients cancer of the colon; Twenty-five patients had inflammatory bowel disease, and in 33 others disease such as polyposis was present. Risk factors of post-operative infection were present in 115 cases (A, 36 patients; B, 37 patients; C, 42 patients). All three groups were very well matched for age, sex, type of intervention and diagnosis. Non-infectious complications appeared in 56 patients. Sepsis developed in 76 patients (A, 27 patients; B, 27 patients; C, 22 patients, no significant difference). Severe sepsis occurred in 14 patients (A, 6 patients; B, 4 patients; C, 4 patients, no significant difference) and in 62 patients non severe sepsis (A, 21 patients; B, 23 patients; C, 18 patients, no significant difference). Post-operative peritonitis was not seen. This study suggests that cefotaxime alone 4 g peri-operatively is useful in prophylaxis during rectal and colonic surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Benign non-cystic tumors of the liver.
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
[Solid benign tumors of the liver. Apropos of 47 surgically treated cases].
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Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
[Hepatocarcinoma in an adult with possible hereditary fructose intolerance].
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Adult↗
[Indefinite survival of pancreatic allografts under cyclosporin A treatment in rats].
Reports in the published literature suggest that cyclosporine A is less effective in the prevention of pancreatic graft rejection. Prolonged survival (97.9 days) of pancreatic allografts was obtained by the use of cyclosporine A in the rat, and indefinite survival was reported in 2 animals. Toxic accidents related to the compound were not observed. A complete histologic and metabolic study of pancreatic grafts showed that two types of response were possible according to whether the graft was rejected or tolerated. Cyclosporine A should be considered as a basic immunosuppressive agent for all types of allograft, including the pancreatic type.
Animals↗
[Comparative microangiographic and histological study of hepatic metastases. Possible implications in the phenomena of contrast medium uptake in x-ray computed tomography of the neoplastic liver].
A comparative study using microangiographic and histologic techniques was realized in 43 metastatic livers, totaling 109 lesions. Three different types of tumor vascularization could be recognized. In 30 lesions, residual vessels could be identified. They constitute the only vascular elements in most of the hypervascular lesions studied. On histology, these vessels corresponded to preserved hepatic arterial branches and portal radicles. 79 lesions appeared hypervascular. In 51 lesions, hypervascularity was due to tortuous irregular vessels, corresponding at microscopy to dysplastic capillaries clearly lined with endothelial cells. On the contrary, in 28 metastases, microangiographies showed amorphous contrast uptake. In these cases the contrast was found in large intercellular spaces without endothelial lining, suggesting free interstitial circulation. These observations suggest that the morphology and the dynamic of CT in liver metastases must be influenced by the arterial or portal venous nature of the different vessels. Furthermore, the extravascular diffusion should be function of the type of tumor circulation. If this circulation is confined to real vessels, diffusion will be function of the structure of the walls of these vessels. On the contrary, if the intratumoral circulation is of the free interstitial type, diffusion will be absent and mixing will occur because of the continuity of vascular and interstitial spaces.
Angiography↗
Cystadenoma of the common bile duct demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography: an uncommon cause of extrahepatic obstruction.
Obstructive jaundice may rarely be caused by a benign tumor of the biliary tract. We describe a patient in whom the diagnosis of cystadenoma of the common bile duct was established. Complete resection of the tumor could be carried out. The clinical, radiological, and histological features of this neoplasm are reviewed.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
Ultrasonography of liver haemangioma. A report of 35 patients totalizing 53 lesions.
During the last two years a total of 53 liver angiomas in 35 patients were examined by sonography. The angiomatous nature of these lesions was proven by angiography, CT, laparotomy, laparoscopy or autopsy. In this material the most striking sonographic data are the reflective character of the angiomas (94%), the subcapsular location (70%), the small size under 2 cm. (32%) and the multiplicity (35%). 90% of the lesions larger than 3 cm. tend to display polylobular contours.
Adult↗
Is the delayed-type hypersensitivity observed after a low dose of antigen mediated by helper T cells?
In mice receiving, i.v., a dose of antigen optimal for antibody response, no delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction is detectable. In contrast, in mice receiving a dose of antigen too small to induce B cell activation, a DTH reaction is elicitable shortly and transiently after immunization. Using a sensitive titration assay of DTH-mediating T lymphocytes, this reciprocal relationship between antibody production and DTH responses was reinvestigated. The absence of peripheral DTH reactivity in mice primed i.v. with a high dose of antigen (10(9) heterologous red blood cells) does not result either from the absence of activation and clonal expansion of DTH-mediating cells or from induction of suppressive mechanisms but results from a decreased circulation of DTH-mediating cells. The present studies show that DTH-mediating cells disappear from blood to enter the spleen only when specific B lymphocytes are present and activated by a high dose of antigen. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that T cells activated by antigen can function either as helper cells for B lymphocytes or as DTH-mediating cells, depending on the environment they reach during their migration. In order to demonstrate that the same cell may support the two functions, monoclonal T lymphocytes were assayed for their helper function and for their ability to transfer a DTH reaction.
Animals↗
[Curable asystole in an adult caused by a diffuse and complete arteriovenous aneurysm of the liver. Cure by ligation of the hepatic artery].
A case of cardiac failure in a 54 year old man with a diffuse total arteriovenous aneurysm of the liver is reported. The aneurysm was arteriolarvenous, without a wide bore localised fistula. It occupied the whole hepatic mass, including the territories of the right subphrenic and anterior collateral of the gastroduodenal artery. The cause of cardiac failure was the elevated cardiac output, 15 1/min, which fell to 6 1/min at each peroperative occlusion of the hepatic artery. After ligature of this vessel, the cardiac output stabilised at 9 1/min and remained at this value 4 months after surgical cure. This case is comparable to the neonatal cardiac failure due to multinodular hepatic angioma with respect to the clinical, angiographic and CAT scan characteristics, and the surgical cure of the high cardiac output syndrome. Some of the histological features were suggestive, in places, of the structure of hepatic cavernoma, which makes the exact pathological classification of this diffuse aneurysm difficult; the closest possibility being an involuted from of diffuse capillary hemangioma of childhood allowing such long survival and, occasionally taking on the appearances of a cavernoma. Permanent surgical cure by ligature of the hepatic artery was an additional rare feature of this case.
Age Factors↗
[Biliary peritonitis caused by perforation of the intra-hepatic biliary ducts. 2 new cases].
Two cases of biliary peritonitis by perforation of intra-hepatic biliary ducts are presented. In both cases there is a perforation from a gallstone. In the first case the perforation is located at the proximal part of the left hepatic bile duct, in the second case it is at the proximal and distal portion of the third segment bile duct. Those peritonitis are rare and their diagnosis is difficult. Gallstone is the main cause. Removing bile duct obstruction is the treatment.
Aged↗