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Biomedical subjects

G Lux

Publications and source records attributed to G Lux.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in man: pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects.

Graded doses of 0.6, 1.3, and 3.3 pmol/kg/min of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were intravenously infused over 30 minute periods in four healthy volunteers and plasma VIP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Even with the smallest dose of VIP, plasma concentrations rose markedly above normal values. Infusion of higher VIP doses resulted in mean plateau levels of circulating VIP which were in the range of VIP values found in the Verner-Morrison syndrome. After cessation of the VIP infusions, plasma VIP levels fell strikingly by first order kinetics with an average disappearance half-time of one minute. The apparent metabolic clearance rate was about 9 ml/kg/min and the apparent volume of distribution for VIP was approximately 14 ml/kg. During infusion of the highest VIP dose, previously shown to induce one-fifth maximum pancreatic juice secretion, plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, and calcium were slightly but significantly raised, the pulse rate and the amplitude of blood pressure were increased, and cutaneous flushing occurred. The spectrum of effects accords well with some abnormalities seen in the Verner-Morrison syndrome. The present data, however, do not support a role for VIP as a circulating hormone, at least under physiological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on resting and pentagastrin-stimulated lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) administered as an intravenous infusion at different doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 micrograms per kg per hr, respectively) inhibited dose-dependently the response of the lower esophageal sphincter to an intravenous injection of pentagastrin (0.6 microgram per kg) in 4 healthy volunteers. Inhibition ranged from about 20% (not significant) with the low dose to about 55% (P less than 0.05) with the high dose. On the other hand, the VIP doses employed did not substantially decrease basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Calculated on the basis of plasma levels of the respective peptides, the inhibitory effect of VIP was about one-third of that of secretin. Even at the smallest dose of VIP, plasma levels of radioimmunoassayable VIP (20 to 100 pmoles per liter) markedly exceeded those encountered normally (1 to 19 pmoles per liter). So, the data presented do not support the suggestion that normally circulating VIP essentially contributes to the physiological regulation of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure; they do not exclude, however, such a role for locally released VIP.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Peptone-stimulated gastric secretion and antacids. Effect of antacids with various content of calcium, magnesium and aluminiumions on the peptone-induced secretion of gastric juice, double-blind study].

A double-blind-trial was performed to prove the effect of antacids containing Mg (OH)2, Al (OH)3 and CaCO3 on peptone-stimulated gastric secretion (intragastric titration). A high efficacy of antacids given after meals was demonstrated. After application of antacids no significant rise in serum gastrin levels during intragastric titration was found. Serum calcium and magnesium levels remained unchanged. Peptone-stimulated gastric secretion was not influenced by application of different antacids within a period of 2 hours.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1977

[Intragastric titration with extragastric pH-metry--a clinically applicable and reliable technique of quantitative analysis of gastric secretion (author's transl)].

A technique is described by which the secretory capacity of the stomach can be determined. It appears to be superior both to intragastric titration along with intragastric pH-metry and to common analysis of gastric juice obtained by aspiration. There is no essential difference when comparing results obtained intraindividually by intragastric titration with the pH being measured either inside or outside the stomach. When titrating intragastricly with the pH being measured extragastricly, a tube is used which can be check more easily, remains usable much longer, and - as a result of its smaller diameter - is tolerated much better by the patient. In contrast to common analysis of gastric juice obtained by aspiration, by intragastric titration with the pH being measured extragastricly gastric acid can be determined at its site of production (less volume loss and rediffusion of H+ -ions into tissue), the results obtained representing more accurately the true secretory capacity of the stomach. As can be seen from its results, the technique presented here is apt particularly to both testing antacids and the substances interfering with gastric secretion; it also appears to be superior to common analysis of gastric juice obtained by aspiration.

Antacids↗
PubMed1977

A new catheter for endoscopic manometry of Oddi's sphincter.

With a newly designed manometry catheter and a modified pull-through maneuver a high presure zone can reproducibly be recorded between the duodenum and the pancreato-biliary tree corresponding to Oddi's sphincter. Catheter marking allows in addition calculation of the length of this zone. Since the sealed end of the catheter remains during pressure recording within the ductal system repeated push-and-pull maneuvres can be performed through the sphincter area.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1976

[New therapeutic methods in gastroenterology].

Operative-therapeutic endoscopy offers new aspects concerning polypectomy, electro- and laser-coagulation of hemorrhages, papillotomy and sclerosing of oesophageal varices. Active and passive immunization in hepatitis A and B will soon become available for clinical trial. The successful synthesis of human gastrointestinal polypeptides may be of clinical significance in the therapy of common gastrointestinal disorders. New surgical procedures adapted to form and function lead rarely to postoperative complaints. Ulcer recurrency seems low when optimal techniques are employed.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed1976

[Effective treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine (author's transl)].

Twelve male duodenal ulcer in-patients received in a double-blind trial either the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (4 X 200 mg/d p.o.) or placebo capsules. Ulcer sizes were assessed endoscopically before therapy followed by repeat endoscopy at weekly intervals. Duodenal ulcer healing was significantly more rapid in cimetidine-treated patients than in those receiving the placebo (chi2 test; P less than 0.0005). Plotting of log ulcer sizes (mm2) against time (days) resulted in regression lines the slopes of which indicated the respective half-time of ulcer healing: about 6 days on cimetidine therapy and about 20 days on placebo treatment. Gastric secretion of acid, protein, pepsin, and N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing glycoproteins was not altered by a 4-week course of daily cimetidine or placebo, nor pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and enzymes. No statistically significant changes in laboratory findings (haemoglobin, white blood-cells, neutrophils, platelets, alkaline phosphatase, blood-urea, serum-creatinine, GOT, GPT) were associated with treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Intragastric titration, a method for clinically testing the effect of antacids].

Intragastric titration can be used not only for the quantiative assessment of gastric secretion in healthy subjects and patients with peptic ulcer, but also for differentiating disorders in the regulation of HCI secretion. It is useful foe evaluating the effect of antacids after stimulation of acid secretion with a test meal. The duration of action of an antacid taken about one hour after a meal was much greater than when taken on an empty stomach. Results in 12 healthy subjects indicate that frequent small meals (6 to 8 daily) and antacids between meals greatly reduce gastric acidity. Whether these findings hold true for patients with peptic ulcer remains to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Persistent diarrhea in rheumatic disease].

The case history of a 52-year-old male with weight loss, steatorrhea and arthritis is presented. During clinical pathological conference, Whipple's disease was strongly suggested. The diagnosis could be proved morphologically. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline 1 g daily for three months caused a prompt improvement. Small bowel biopsy showed disappearance of PAS-containing macrophages.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1976

[New aspects and methods in gastroenterological diagnosis].

Advances in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases are achieved by development of new methods and by an improved analysis of the obtained data. New aspects of screening examinations for gastrointestinal cancer in high risk groups concern endoscopic-bioptic methods, the endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography, the ultrasonically-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy and immunological procedures. An increasing number of gastrointestinal peptides can be determined by radioimmunoassay. Breath tests may improve diagnosis in malassimilation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

Intravenous 13-Nle-motilin increases the human lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

UNLABELLED: To elucidate whether, in principle, motilin could serve a role in LESP regulation, the effects of 13-norleucine-motilin (13-nle-m)-synthetic analogue of motilin and biologically just as active as the natural polypeptide-on LESP were investigated in normal subjects. LESP was monitored with the continual withdrawal method. Sets of tests: (1) i.v. pulse doses of 13-nle-m (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mug/kg) were given to 6 subjects in random order on different days, (2) i.v. bolus injections of 0.6 mug/kg pentagastrin were given to elicit maximal LES contractions, (3) i.v. infusions of 13-nle-m (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mug/kg-h; doses doubling every 30 min) were used in 7 individuals, and (4) the effect of atropine infusion of 13-nle-m-stimulated LESP was studied in 6 subjects. RESULTS: (1) Graded i.v. pulse doses of 13-nle-m caused LESP to increase dose-dependently with maximum pressures exceeding basal levels by about 160% (p less than 0.01). After each bolus injection, peak values were achieved within 1-2 min followed by a steady decrease in LESP. (2) Maximum response to 0.4 mug/kg 13-nle-m was about 65% of that to 0.6 mug/kg pentagastrin. (3) i.v. infusions of varying doses of 13-nle-m caused a significant and dose-dependent increase in average LESP. (4) The stimulating effect of an i.v. pulse dose of 0.1 mug/kg 13-nle-m on LESP could be suppressed by concomitant atropine. CONCLUSION: the human LES is responsive, indeed, to exogenous motilin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Relationship of plasma motilin response to lower esophageal sphincter pressure in man.

The effect of intraduodenal instillation of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid or 0.9% saline (control) on lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and plasma motilin concentrations was studied in five normal volunteers. After acid, LESP and plasma motilin rose concomitantly exceeding basal by about 80% (p less than 0.025) and 90% (p less than 0.05), respectively, at 3 to 4 minutes. Control values did not significantly differ throughout the test period from the mean basal level. These results are compatible with the view that the increase in LESP after duodenal acidification may be mediated by endogenously released motilin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of somatostatin and pentagastrin on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in man.

The effect of intravenous somatostatin on basal and gastrin-stimulated human lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) was examined with the rapid pull-through technique. In a group of 7 healthy volunteers LESP was not influenced under basal conditions, but there was an augmented response to pulse-doses of pentagastrin (0.6 mug/kg) during infusion of somatostatin (250 mug/kg-h). The physiological importance of these findings still has to be evaluated.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMed1975

[Gastro-intestinal endoscopy - today and tomorrow (author's transl)].

Because of their optical and mechanical properties, glass fibers have fulfilled the requirements for a panendoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. The upper digestive tract (as far as the lower knee of the duodenum) and the large intestine, including the terminal ileum can be examined routinely nowadays with minimal risk. Surgical diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy open up new possibilities, i. e. polypectomy, endoscopic biopsy, extraction of foreign bodies, papillotomy etc. The development of gastrointestinal endoscopy demands reorientation in training and teaching, in practice and in hospital.

Biopsy↗