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Biomedical subjects

G Lux

Publications and source records attributed to G Lux.

198 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Endoscopic biopsy using the electrocautery snare (macro particle biopsy)].

The biopsy snare has greatly improved the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in gastro-intestinal endoscopy. Experience with endoscopic polypectomy in the digestive tract has stimulated the use of the biopsy snare for the excision of larger particles. Thus, besides that larger particles can be obtained, also deeper excisions are possible. Usually muscularis mucosae and parts of the submucosal layers are included. Mucosal hyperplasia and submucosal processes can be recognized and analysed preoperatively. Even the resection of inoperable stenosing neoplasms is now possible. The results of 93 gastro-intestinal big particle biopsies are reported. The risk of big particle biopsy proved to be minimal; once bleeding occurred and was managed conservatively.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1973

[Reflux disease].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abundance of VIP in duodenal mucosa of coeliacs and duodenal ulcer patients.

VIP levels were determined in gastroduodenal mucosal biopsies of 8 duodenal ulcer patients, of 5 coeliac sprue patients, and of 8 volunteers without upper gastrointestinal disease. In duodenal ulcer patients, mucosal VIP concentrations were significantly elevated in the proximal duodenum (e.g., in the duodenal bulb 225 +/- 48 versus 95 +/- 17 pmol/g in controls), while in coeliac sprue VIP levels tended to be increased in the whole duodenum and upper jejunum (e.g., descending duodenum 409 +/- 161 versus 81 +/- 16, p less than 0.05). In both disease entities, the rise in mucosal VIP may be a reaction of the peptidergic nervous system to chronic mucosal irritation and a reason for enhanced fluid and electrolyte secretion in the affected areas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transgastric ultrasonography of the pancreas.

This is a report of initial experience gained with the transgastric diagnostic examination of the pancreas in a total of 80 patients. The examinations were carried out with two different instruments. One of the two fiberscopes carries on its tip a mechanical sector scanner, the scan plane of which is angulated through 90 degrees vis-a-vis the longitudinal axis of the instrument. The other ultrasonic endoscope is provided with an ultrasonic linear array assembly arranged along the longitudinal axis of the instrument. The sonic frequency is 7 and 7.5 MHz, respectively, so that the quality of resolution obtained is equal to that of a "small parts" scanner. Intubation of the stomach is readily possible with either instrument. In contrast, owing to the relatively long flexible tip of the instrument, intubation of the duodenum proved impossible in about one quarter of the patients, in particular when the duodenum was deformed by scar tissue. The topographic-anatomic orientation proved difficult, in particular since the scan planes are strictly determined by the position of the endoscope. A systematic examination of the pancreas in two planes is, as a result, virtually impossible. All in all, therefore, the technique must be considered merely as a supplementary procedure to external diagnostic ultrasonography. Thanks to its superior resolution, and the avoidance of such obstacles as "bowel gas", however, it is capable, as a supplementary examination, of providing additional diagnostic information about lesions of the pancreas.

Endoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

L-Glutamic acid and L-lysine as useful building blocks for the preparation of bifunctional DTPA-like ligands.

Bisalkylation of suitably protected L-glutamic acid and L-lysine derivatives with tert-butyl N-(2-bromoethyl)iminodiacetate 2, followed by deprotection of the omega functional group affords N, N-bis[2-[bis[2-(1, 1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]-L-glutamic acid 1-(1, 1-dimethylethyl) ester 4 and N2,N2-bis[2-[bis[2-(1, 1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]-L-lysine 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 7. Such compounds feature a carboxylic or an amino group, respectively, which are available for conjugation with a suitable partner via formation of an amide bond. The conjugates, which can be prepared in this way, contain a chelating subunit in which all five acetic residues of DTPA are available for the complexation of metal ions. Direct bisalkylation of glycine with 2 promptly gives N, N-bis[2-[bis[2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]glycine 11. The latter allows to achieve conjugates in which the central acetic group of DTPA is selectively converted into an acetamide.

Alkylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) by cimetidine -- a double-blind study.

Using the rapid pull-through technique the effect of 400 mg cimetidine perorally on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was studied in a controlled trial in 14 subjects. Cimetidine caused a significant rise of the integrated basal pressure. The response to 0.6 mug/kg pentagastrin was augmented by cimetidine whereas under atropine sulphate infusion this effect could not be demonstrated. Cimetidine may act on LESP by blocking inhibiting receptors.

Atropine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastrointestinal motility in the elderly].

The existence of specific, age-related changes in gastrointestinal motility with clinical significance is controversial. Beside the more infrequent primary motility disorders, secondary motility disturbances associated with collagen vascular diseases, endocrinopathies, and neuromuscular diseases are prominent in the older and often multimorbid patients. Especially in geriatric patients, motility associated symptoms are undesired side-effects of drug therapy. The pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, and therapeutic principles of motility disorders in the elderly are discussed. The major symptoms of esophageal dysfunction are dysphagia, chest pain, heartburn, and regurgitation. Oropharyngeal dysphagia, mostly caused by cerebrovascular accidents and other neurologic disorders, leads to disturbances in food intake, and is often complicated by broncho-pulmonary infections arising from recurrent aspiration of food or saliva. Gastrointestinal reflux disease and spastic motility disorders of the esophagus are regarded as possible causes of angina-like chest pain after exclusion of cardiac diseases. Motility disturbances of the stomach and small bowel are often related to systemic disease (i.e., diabetes mellitus, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction) of drug side-effects. Mental and physical decline, reduced fluid intake, and constipating drugs are the most relevant factors for idiopathic constipation in the elderly. Fecal incontinence means a great psychological strain for older patients and leads to social isolation.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in elderly patients].

Severe intestinal bleeding in elderly patients is associated by an increased risk of mortality. Factors contributory to the poor prognosis are cardiac, respiratory, hepatic and renal diseases. In upper gastrointestinal bleeding initial diagnosis is built up by means of endoscopy in more than 90 per cent. Immediate emergency endoscopy improves the outcome only in patients with active bleeding. In severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding angiography is the primary diagnostic procedure to be performed. Angiodysplasias as a frequent source of lower intestinal bleeding are localized easily by angiography. Conservative therapy of gastro-intestinal bleeding includes endoscopic, angiographic and medical procedures.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetics of duodenal ulcer healing: effect of treatment with cimetidine.

In a double-blind trial, 12 in-patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulceration were treated with cimetidine (0.8 g daily) or placebo. Ulcer sizes were assessed endoscopically before treatment and at weekly intervals during treatment. Duodenal-ulcer healing was significantly more rapid in patients on cimetidine than in those receiving the placebo (p less than 0.0005): half-times of ulcer healing were about 6 days (on cimetidine) as compared to about 20 days (on placebo). No untoward clinical or laboratory effects were observed.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endogenous motilin and lower esophageal sphincter pressure in man: clue to an association.

In man (n = 5), after intraduodenal instillation of 50 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and plasma motilin concentrations rise concomitantly exceeding basal by about 80% (p less than 0.025) and 90% (p less than 0.05), respectively, at 3 to 4 minutes. These results suggest that the increase in LESP after duodenal acidification may be brought about by endogenously released motilin.

Adult↗