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Biomedical subjects

G Lahnborg

Publications and source records attributed to G Lahnborg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Different antimicrobial agents in treatment and prophylaxis of experimentally induced intraabdominal sepsis.

A reproducible experimental model of intraabdominal infection in rats has been worked out in order to simulate intraabdominal sepsis seen in humans and to test different antimicrobial agents in treatment and prophylaxis of intraabdominal infections. This experimental model was used to evaluate the efficacy of benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin plus sulbactam, cefoxitin, thienamycin, clindamycin, tinidazole, netilmicin, clindamycin plus netilmicin, and tinidazole plus netilmicin in the treatment of intraabdominal sepsis. Sixty-five per cent of the untreated animals died within two days. Within four days, 43% of the animals receiving clindamycin alone, 22% receiving tinidazole alone and 46% receiving netilmicin alone died. Animals treated with piperacillin, clindamycin plus netilmicin or tinidazole plus netilmicin showed a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Sixty-five per cent of the untreated animals and the animals given sulbactam alone died within 48 h. Over 90% of the animals given benzylpenicillin died within five days. Animals treated with benzylpenicillin plus sulbactam, cefoxitin or thienamycin had a significantly decreased mortality. Within four days 22% of the animals receiving tinidazole alone, 43% receiving clindamycin alone and 46% receiving netilmicin alone died. Animals treated with tinidazole plus netilmicin or clindamycin plus netilmicin had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. In the prophylaxis experiment the following agents were tested: cefoxitin, doxycycline, tinidazole plus netilmicin, clindamycin plus netilmicin, and trimethoprim-sulfa plus tinidazole. One dosage of the antimicrobial(s) reduced the mortality rate significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neutrophil functions during total parenteral nutrition and Intralipid infusion.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been associated with an increased incidence of infection. To assess the hypothesis that TPN, and in particular one of its constituents, the rat emulsion Intralipid, might impair host defense, we investigated in vitro migration, bactericidal functions, and chemiluminescence of the neutrophil granulocyte in four patients with Crohn's disease, given TPN for up to 12 wk. No abnormal values were found during TPN, but both before and after, impaired migration was noted. Further, 10 volunteers were given 10% Intralipid (85 ml/h), and in blood samples obtained 2 h after discontinuation of the infusion, enhancements were recorded for migration stimulated with serum and the maximal chemiluminescence response (p less than 0.05, respectively). Thus, neither during TPN nor infusions of Intralipid were impairments of neutrophil migration or bactericidal functions noted, and it is suggested that other factors than effects on neutrophils must be sought to explain susceptibility to infection during TPN.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Glucan-induced enhancement of host resistance in experimental intraabdominal sepsis.

Glucan, a 1-3-polyglucosidic component of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated for its ability to alter survival in rats with induced intraabdominal sepsis. In four groups, each of 15 rats, the bacteriological flora was changed into that of humans by giving the animals a meat chew. Intraabdominal sepsis was induced by resecting 1 cm of the intestine and reimplanting it in the abdominal cavity after reestablishing the intestinal continuity by one-layer end-to-end anastomosis. The rats were injected with either glucan or isovolumetric saline or benzylpenicillin or glucan plus benzylpenicillin. The results indicate no significant difference in mortality rate between the groups treated with either glucan or benzylpenicillin on the one hand and, on the other, the group given saline alone. However, the group treated with glucan plus benzylpenicillin differed significantly from the control group given just saline. The bacterial flora did not seem to be influenced by glucan administration. It is concluded that glucan has a clear effect on the survival rate of rats with induced peritonitis, probably by enhancing the activities of the reticuloendothelial system--an important part of the total host resistance.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Influence of low-dose sodium and calcium heparin on the reticuloendothelial system and granulocyte function in man. An in vivo and in vitro study.

The phagocytic and catabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were determined in ten healthy men after subcutaneous injection of low-dose sodium- or calcium-heparin. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing and the bactericidal capacity of granulocytes isolated from the men after heparin administration were also measured. No statistically significant difference was found for the two salts of heparin in any of the mentioned respects as compared with control injections of physiologic saline solution. In addition to these in vivo investigations, in vitro experiments were made for further study of the influence of sodium-heparin on various granulocyte functions. The results showed slight, but statistically significant increase in attachment and engulfment of particles when granulocytes were pre-incubated with heparin. No significant effect of heparin was detected in vitro on the chemotactic and random migration of granulocytes in tests with heparin concentrations 10 and 100 IU/ml. Preincubation of granulocytes with heparin in the same concentrations, however, resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the bactericidal capacity of the cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The effect of glucan--a host resistance activator--and ampicillin on experimental intraabdominal sepsis.

Glucan, a beta-1-3-polyglucosidic component of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cervisiae, was evaluated for its ability to influence the survival rate in rats with induced intraabdominal sepsis. To mimic closely the human bacteriological intestinal flora, the rats, in 4 groups each of 15 animals, were fed a lean meat diet. Intraabdominal sepsis was induced by resecting 1 cm of the intestine and reimplanting it in the abdominal cavity, reestablishing intestinal continuity by one-layer end-to-end anastomosis. The rats were injected with glucan, isovolumetric saline, and ampicillin or glucan plus ampicillin. The results indicate a significant decrease in mortality in the group treated with ampicillin compared with the group treated with saline only. The group treated with glucan plus ampicillin differed significantly from the group given ampicillin. The bacterial flora was not qualitatively influenced by glucan administration. It is concluded that glucan, in combination with ampicillin, has a significant effect on the survival rate of rats with induced peritonitis, probably by enhancing the activities of the reticuloendothelial system--an important part of the total host resistance.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of heparin in healthy and obese subjects and in combination with dihydroergotamine.

Heparin (5000 IE s.c., 5000 IE i v, 200 EI/kg i v) was given to healthy volunteers without and with 0.5 mg dihydroergotamine (DHE) i v to test whether DHE influences the kinetics of heparin. The anticoagulant (200 IE/kg) was also administered to obese subjects. Heparin was assayed using a chromogenic substrate for activated factor X. The plasma levels of heparin did not differ whether given concomitantly with DHE or not. Halflife of heparin was also uninfluenced of DHE demonstrating that the beneficial effect of DHE on postoperative thromboembolism is not caused by interaction with the pharmacokinetics of heparin. The plasma levels of heparin were significantly higher in the obese subjects than in the normal ones. The halflife of the drug averaged 2.13 h in the obese subjects and 1.36 h in the normal subjects (P less than 0.02). It was concluded that the heparin dosage should be calculated in terms of estimated ideal weight.

Dihydroergotamine↗
PubMed1981

Reticuloendothelial function in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

The phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were tested in seven patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver due to excessive ingestion of ethanol. 125I-labelled microaggregated human serum albumin was used as a test substance. A group of 13 volunteers served as controls. Liver and spleen scans were performed in all patients. Routine blood analyses were made, including seven different liver tests. The results show that both the phagocytic and the metabolic activity of the RES were hampered significantly in all these patients compared with the control group. The liver and spleen scan findings were all pathological, showing a good correlation with the RES function test. The blood test that correlated best with the RES function test was the prothrombin time, which was likewise abnormal in all patients. It is concluded that certain functions of the RES are hampered after prolonged ethanol ingestion and that the enhanced frequency of infections in patients with alcohol liver cirrhosis might partly be due to their impaired RES function.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on some host defence functions in man.

Four different functions of the immune defence were studied in six men undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Pre-operatively, a few hours after and three days after surgery the following tests were performed: (I) in vivo phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), (II) haemolytic activity of blood monocytes, (III) nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by granulocytes, and (IV) bactericidal capacity of granulocytes. Compared to the pre-operative values, the RES functions were unchanged postoperatively, whereas there was a significant increase in the haemolytic activity of monocytes and in the NBT reduction of granulocytes. The capacity of the granulocytes to kill bacteria was normal a few hours after surgery, but significantly increased on day 3. No infectious complications occurred and all patients recovered uneventfully. These results suggest that, at the present time, open-heart surgery under CPB is accompanied by an increased activity of granulocytes and monocytes in the early postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system in renal transplant recipients.

The object of this study was to examine the bearing that immunosuppressive therapy may have on the phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The phagocytic and metabolic activities of the RES were determined in renal graft recipients before transplantation and at intervals afterwards. The activities were measured as the plasma clearance rate of 125I-labelled microaggregated human serum albumin and the increase in the plasma metabolites of this test substance. The intravascular clearance of microaggregated albumin was significantly depressed at 1-12 days (P less than 0.001), 1.4 months (P less than 0.02) and 6-9 months (P less than 0.01) after transplantation compared to the levels before operation. RES phagocytosis was normal in the 1-3 year group. Furthermore, in all except the 1-4 month group the metabolic activity was significantly reduced. The significant impairment of the RES functions immediately after transplantation was probably due to administration of antilymphocyte globulin and extremely high doses of steroids. After antilymphocyte globulin had been withdrawn the phagocytic capacity of the RES was correlated to the total dose of steroids given over the 12 months prior to the test. The azathioprine regime seems to have had no influence on the RES functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of low-dose heparin and dihydroergotamine on frequency of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing post-traumatic hip surgery.

The effect of low doses of heparin (5000 units of sodium heparin every 12 hours for 10 days) and dihydroergotamine (DHE) (0.5 mg at the same intervals as heparin) on the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (D.V.T.) in the legs was studied on 210 patients undergoing nailing of a fractured neck of the femur. The patients were allocated randomly to receive heparin (70 patients) or heparin + dihydroergotamine (71 patients) or saline (69 patients, acting as controls). D.V.T. developed in 15 patients in the heparin group, in 12 patients in heparin + DHE group and in 28 patients in the control group. There is a significant difference between the two groups receiving heparin on the one hand and the control group on the other. DHE does not seem to reduce the incidence of D.V.T. any further in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Reticuloendothelial function in human renal allograft recipients.

The phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were determined, by measuring the plasma clearance rate of 125I-labelled microaggregated human serum albumin and the increase in plasma metabolites of this test substance, in patients with chronic renal failure and in renal transplant recipients at different times after transplantation. All transplant recipients received triple immunosuppressive therapy consisting of azathioprine, corticosteroids, and antilymphocyte globulin. The intravascular clearance of microaggregated albumin was significantly depressed in patients when tested at 1 to 12 days (P less than 0.001), 1 to 4 months (P less than 0.02), and 6 to 9 months (P less than 0.001) after transplantation compared to pretransplantation. The 1- to 3-year transplant survivors had a normal RES phagocytosis. Furthermore, the metabolic RES function in all groups of transplant recipients except the group of patients tested at 1 to 4 months after transplantation was significantly impaired compared to pretransplantation. Administration of antilymphocyte globulin and extremely high daily doses of steroids were probably responsible for the significant depression in the RES functions recorded immediately post-transplantation. The further development of the phagocytic ability of the RES was shown to be correlated to the cumulative dose of steroids given over the last 12 months. The azathioprine regime seemed to have no influence on the RES functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dextran infusion on the phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system in man.

The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is part of the host defence and consequently plays an important role in shock and trauma, conditions often requiring volume replacement. Experimental studies have shown that the functions of the RES are hampered by plasma substitutes such as gelatin, starch and dextran. In this study six patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were given 500 ml dextran just before the operation. At the end of the operation the phagocytic and metabolic functions were tested with microaggregated human serum albumin labelled with I125. The results indicate that there is a significant impairment of the phagocytic activitity of the RES in patients given dextran compared to controls not given dextran but saline. The metabolic activity was not significantly affected by dextran, however, suggesting that moderate dosage of dextran is not of great disadvantage to patients undergoing major surgery.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1979

Human granulocyte function during dextran infusion.

The granulocyte function was determined in healthy persons before and immediately after the infusion of 500 ml of dextran for 4 hours. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction reflecting the metabolic activity of these cells was measured both in cells at rest and after stimulation with E. coli, as well as with and without the addition of plasma. In 13 persons, the NBT-reduction was slightly but significantly increased in all four types of experiments after the dextran infusion. When dextran was added in vitro to granulocytes from normal volunteers, the NBT reduction of these cells was increased and the effect was dose-dependent. A surface effect of dextran together with phagocytosis of dextran molecules are the most probable reasons for the elevated NBT-reduction. - In 9 persons tested, the bactericidal capacity was not significantly influenced by dextran infusion. - When dextran was added in vitro to granulocytes neither the bactericidal capacity nor the chemotactic and random migration of the cells were changed. -

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Role of phagocytic cells in host defence in relation to trauma--a brief review.

Present evidence available support a relationship between phagocytic cell function and survival from various types of trauma, e.g. burn, traumatic shock, and haemorrhage. Both polymorphonuclear phagocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) participating in the body's host defence are of crucial importance in preventing post-traumatic infections by microorganisms. The role of macrophages constituting the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in relation to trauma is paid special attention in this review. Deficit in a humoral opsonic glycoprotein (alpha 2 SB glycoprotein) important for reticuloendothelial phagocytosis is described in various types of traumatic injuries, and the role of RES in relation to pulmonary insufficiency is finally summarized.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunoassay of macrophage stimulating alpha 2 SB (surface binding) glycoprotein in pig plasma following missile trauma.

Pigs were subjected to a standardized missile trauma in the thigh and plasma samples were collected at various times after trauma. The plasma level of an opsonic alpha 2 SB (surface binding) glycoprotein related to macrophage phagocytosis was determined by an agglutination assay using 125I-labelled gelatin particles. The results indicated a transient but significance decrease (p less than 0.01) in the plasma agglutination activity after trauma reflecting a deficiency in plasma alpha 2 SB glycoprotein. One non-surviving animal showed a persistent decrease in the plasma level of alpha 2 SB glycoprotein, while the surviving animals showed a normalization indicating that this agglutination assay may have prognostic value during the course of posttraumatic therapy.

Agglutination Tests↗