Biomedical subjects

G Lahnborg

Publications and source records attributed to G Lahnborg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Biapenem versus imipenem in the treatment of experimental intraabdominal infections.

A reproducible experimental model of intraabdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to simulate intraabdominal infections in patients. The experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of biapenem with imipenem. Three groups of animals were used, each group consisting of 20 animals. Antibacterial agents were given by injection initially 1 h after surgery and then at 12 h intervals for 12 days. The drugs and amounts of agents given per dose were biapenem 10 mg and imipenem 10 mg, respectively. The control group received 0.9% sterile saline. 80% of the untreated animals died within 3 days. Animals treated with biapenem or imipenem had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only two animals in the two treatment groups died. Biapenem seems to be useful in the treatment of intraabdominal infections.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1994

Efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal infections.

A reproducible animal model of intra-abdominal infection was devised to simulate intra-abdominal sepsis in humans and emulate clinical trials. Preoperatively, rats were fed lean ground beef for two weeks to change their intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. A 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and continuity re-established by end-to-end anastomosis. The isolated segment was returned to the abdominal cavity. This model was used to compare piperacillin/tazobactam with imipenem and with clindamycin plus gentamicin in treating the resulting infections. Eighty per cent of untreated animals died within three days. Treated animals had significantly reduced mortality and increased cure rates. One treated animal (in the clindamycin-gentamicin group) died. These results support the findings of the efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in treating intraabdominal infections in human clinical trials.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1992

Efficacy of L-627, a new carbapenem, in the treatment of experimentally induced intra-abdominal infections in rats.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to simulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. Pre-operatively, the rats were fed lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of L-627 with the combination of gentamicin plus metronidazole. Eighty per cent of the untreated animals died within three days. Animals treated with L-627 or gentamicin plus metronidazole had significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only two animals in the two treatment groups died. L-627 seems to be as useful as gentamicin plus metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1990

Efficacy of dactimicin plus clindamycin compared with gentamicin plus clindamycin in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal infections in rats.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been developed in order to simulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. Dactimicin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum including both aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of dactimicin in combination with clindamycin with the combination gentamicin/clindamycin in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Of the untreated animals, 70% died within two days. Animals treated with dactimicin plus clindamycin or gentamicin plus clindamycin exhibited significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination dactimicin/clindamycin seems to be useful in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1990

Important predictors of the outcome of physical training in patients with intermittent claudication.

Hemodynamic and endocrine variables have been unsuccessful to predict improvement in walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication following structured training programs. In the present study we evaluated the predictive value of a number of hemodynamic and endocrine parameters. In addition we included information on cognitive factors such as stress and the belief in the structured training and motivation to participate. Twenty-five elderly subjects were studied. Significant improvement in overall walking distance was achieved. The most important explanatory variables of relative improvement in walking distance were belief in training, initial walking distance and number of smoke years. The results support the belief that cognitive factors are of major importance in predicting functional effects of structured training programs for patients with intermittent claudication.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Efficacy of FCE 22101 compared with imipenem and with gentamicin plus metronidazole in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal infections in rats.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infection in rats has been created to simulate infection in humans. Preoperatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal microflora into a flora similar to that found in humans. A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacies of FCE 22101, imipenem, and gentamicin combined with metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Eighty per cent of the untreated animals died within three days. Animals treated with FCE 22101, imipenem or the combination gentamicin plus metronidazole had significantly less mortality and greater cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. FCE 22101 seems to be useful in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections and deserves further clinical investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Disturbances of reticulo-endothelial function following experimental liver transplantation.

Reticulo-endothelial function was studied in liver-grafted pigs using intravenous carbon clearance at 24 h and 7 days postgraft. Flushing of auto- or allografts with Ringer's lactate and with or without 4-hour storage caused no change in carbon clearance. Flushing of auto- or allografts with Eurocollins solution and with or without 4-hour storage resulted in delayed carbon clearance at 7 days. The changes appeared to be related to the composition of preservation fluid rather than to its volume or temperature, the duration of storage or the development of rejection.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Longterm neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of physical training in intermittent claudication.

Twenty-five elderly patients with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication were prospectively followed during a six-month session of physical training. Neuroendocrine and metabolic patterns as well as effects on walking performance were assessed during the training period. At the initial evaluation there was an inverse association between walking distance and serum cortisol and blood glucose levels. The walking distance increased during the training period. A positive effect on glucose homeostatis was seen with decreased basal fructosamine levels after training. During physical exercise a decrease in insulin and an increase in growth hormone was seen. Changes in growth hormone were, in contrast to insulin, more related to the pain level perceived than to the work load imposed. Apart from the marked effects on physical performance the results of the study suggest an improvement of hormonal and metabolic balance after physical training. This regularly applied exercise program improved the health status of rather old people.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Efficacy of dactimicin in the treatment of experimentally induced intra-abdominal infections.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been worked out in order to simulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was reestablished by an end-to-end anastomosis. Dactimicin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic and has a broad antibacterial spectrum including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of dactimicin alone and in combination with metronidazole with the combination gentamicin and metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Many of the untreated animals (70%) died within 2 days. Within 7 days 40% of the animals receiving dactimicin died. Animals treated with dactimicin plus metronidazole or gentamicin plus metronidazole had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination dactimicin and metronidazole seems to be useful in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1989

Effect of ciprofloxacin compared to gentamicin in the treatment of experimental intraabdominal infections in rats.

A reproducible experimental model of intraabdominal infections in rats has been developed in order to stimulate intraabdominal sepsis in patients. Preoperatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with clindamycin with the combination gentamicin and clindamycin in the treatment of intraabdominal infections. Eighty per cent of the untreated animals died within four days. Within six days, 30% of the animals receiving ciprofloxacin died. Animals treated with ciprofloxacin plus clindamycin or gentamicin plus clindamycin had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination of ciprofloxacin and clindamycin seems to be as successful as gentamicin plus ciprofloxacin in the treatment of intraabdominal infections.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1986

Age-related differences in the pituitary prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

We have previously reported that human subjects undergoing surgery for inguinal hernias exhibit an age-related attenuation in the plasma prolactin response, with no differences during resting conditions. We suggested that these differences were due to age-related neuroendocrine changes, but that peripheral factors may play a role as well. In the present study, we have assessed the pituitary response to 500 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the very same subjects previously studied during surgery. Blood samples were drawn immediately prior to, as well as 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes following the intravenous administration of TRH. There was a clear-cut age-related attenuation in the pituitary prolactin response with no difference in the thyrotropin (TSH) response. Maximum prolactin response in the young subjects was 31.7 micrograms/l and 19.2 micrograms/l in old subjects (F(4) = 3.5, p less than .01, two-way ANOVA). These results indicate that the age-related differences in the prolactin response to stress are mainly due to pituitary changes. However, prolactin-secreting cells are under the control of the hypothalamus. Therefore, the possibility must be considered that aging or other concurrent factors could be exerting their influence via the hypothalamus and not necessarily directly at the pituitary level.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The efficacy of pefloxacin in comparison to gentamicin in the treatment of experimentally induced peritonitis in rats.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to stimulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. Pre-operatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. A 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of pefloxacin alone and in combination with metronidazole with the combination gentamicin and metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Seventy per cent of the untreated animals died within two days. Within three days 40% of the animals receiving pefloxacin died. Animals treated with pefloxacin plus metronidazole or gentamicin plus metronidazole had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination of pefloxacin and metronidazole seems to be as successful as gentamicin plus metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

A comparison between netilmicin with metronidazole and doxycycline as prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery.

The aim of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of netilmicin plus metronidazole administered for one day and of doxycycline administered for five days on the incidence of postoperative sepsis in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. One hundred patients were studied, 50 men and 50 women, with a mean age of 66.6 years. The patients were randomized into the two groups. Wound infections occurred in a total of 9 patients, 5 in the doxycycline group and 4 in the group given netilmicin plus metronidazole, i.e. the overall infection rate was 9%. It is concluded that there is no statistically significant difference on the incidence of postoperative wound sepsis in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between the group given doxycycline for five days and the group given netilmicin plus metronidazole for one day.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Age-related differences in the serum prolactin response during standardized surgery.

The aim with the present study was to assess possible age-related differences in the serum prolactin, cortisol and blood glucose responses to standardized surgical stress in humans. Relatively healthy men suffering from inguinal hernias were selected. The subjects were divided into a group of younger people (M=36.4 years, r=23-45, n=7) and one of older people (M=66.5 years, r=56-75, n=9). Surgery was carried out under general anesthesia. Blood was drawn before, during and following the operation. Blood pressure and pulse rate were also monitored. No differences were noticed in plasma prolactin, cortisol, and blood glucose during basal conditions. Even though plasma prolactin increased significantly in both groups during surgery, it was higher in the younger group (M=56.2 micrograms/1) as compared with 28.7 micrograms/l for the older group, p less than .01. Plasma prolactin during surgery, but not under basal conditions, correlated inversely with age. No differences between groups were found during surgery in blood glucose and serum cortisol. This study indicates a diminished stress response in older subjects, possibly due to age-related neuroendocrine changes.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

A randomized study of a semisynthetic heparin analogue and heparin in prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis.

The prophylactic effect of a semisynthetic heparin analogue (SSHA) on deep vein thrombosis was investigated in a prospective double-blind multicentre trial. 440 major general surgical and gynaecological patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups: 50 mg SSHA, 37.5 mg SSHA and 5000 units sodium heparin subcutaneously 12-hourly. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was diagnosed with the fibrinogen uptake test and verified with phlebography. Bleeding complications and other side-effects were carefully monitored. There were no significant differences between the three treatment groups of patients in age, sex, type of operation or risk factors. A DVT was diagnosed in 16 patients (12 per cent) in the SSHA 50 mg group, in 21 patients (15 per cent) in the SSHA 37.5 mg group and 21 patients (14 per cent) in the heparin-treated group. No significant differences were found in the number of patients who bled unexpectedly in the postoperative period, required transfusion or developed wound haematomas. Blood loss at operation was similar in all three groups. Three pulmonary emboli were diagnosed by pulmonary scintigraphy, one in each group.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

A simple regimen for control of postoperative sepsis in colorectal surgery.

A preoperative schedule based on three principles: rigorous mechanical cleansing of the intestine, nutrition for four days with a formula diet (Biosorbin MCT), and short-time systemic prophylaxis with doxycycline has been tested in a prospective study of 252 patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery. There were 11 wound infections, most of them of minor importance (4.4 per cent). Intra-abdominal abscesses occurred in two patients, both successfully reoperated, giving an overall incidence of septic complications of 5.1 per cent. The schedule was easy for the staff to administer, well tolerated by the patients, an inexpensive. The complication rate is probably as low as could be anticipated with this type of surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

The effect of one prophylactic dosage of antibiotics on experimentally induced lethal intraabdominal sepsis.

In order to study the effect of one preoperative dosage of antibiotic on the mortality rate, incidence of abscesses, adhesions and intraperitoneal fluid, a previously described reproducible experimental model of intraabdominal infections in rats has been used. Preoperatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal microflora into a microflora similar to humans. The antibiotics tested were: doxycycline (1 mg), cefoxitin (40 mg), tinidazole (8 mg) + netilmicin (5 mg), clindamycin (150 mg) + netilmicin (5 mg) and trimethoprimsulfa (76.8 mg) + tinidazole (8 mg). The results indicate that one preoperative dosage of the antibiotic(s) significantly reduces the mortality rate in rats with intraabdominal sepsis. Intraperitoneal fluid was observed in all non-surviving rats, whereas in the surviving animals no fluid was present regardless of the type of antibiotic. The rate of intraabdominal abscesses was significantly higher in the doxycycline group compared with the other treated groups, indicating an inadequate anaerobic cover of doxycycline. The incidence of intraabdominal postoperative adhesions was similar in all groups except the trimethoprimsulfa + tinidazole group, which had a significantly lower number of rats with adhesions.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1984

Efficacy of metronidazole and fosfomycin alone and in combination in the treatment of experimentally induced intra-abdominal infections.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infection in rats has been worked out in order to simulate intra-abdominal sepsis seen in humans and to test different antimicrobials in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. This experimental model was used to evaluate the efficacy of metronidazole and fosfomycin alone and in combination in the treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis. Seventy per cent of the untreated animals died within two days. Within seven days, 33% of the animals receiving metronidazole alone, and 40% receiving fosfomycin alone died. Animals treated with metronidazole plus fosfomycin showed a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period.

Abdomen↗