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Biomedical subjects

G Ladurner

Publications and source records attributed to G Ladurner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A clinical approach to vascular (multiinfarct) dementia.

71 patients with an ischaemic stroke were investigated clinically, by psychological tests (WAIS) and Computertomography. On the basis of the investigation the patients were separated into two groups. 40 patients showed early dementia; 31 were without mental impairment. The frequency of strokes, the history of neurological symptoms and the neurological symptoms at admission were distributed evenly. The dominant hemisphere was significantly more often diseased in the demented group; bilateral signs were also significantly more often seen in the demented group. From the investigated risk factors (Hypertension, Cardiac disease, Diabetes, Viscosity, Fibrinogen). Only hypertension was significantly more often present in demented than non demented patients. The CT confirmed the clinical findings, especially the importance of the bilateral distribution of infarcts as well as a higher distribution of infarction in the thalamus in the demented patient group.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1982

Computertomography and vascular (multiinfarct) dementia: a qualitative and quantitative investigation.

In a qualitative approach it was shown in 204 patients with ischaemic stroke that Computertomography is significantly more often normal and atrophy more seldom in the demented patients. In addition the importance of a bilateral distribution of infarcts in the demented group was shown as well as the more common affection of the thalamus in the demented patients as compared with the non demented group. The quantitative approach was performed with measurements of the width of the 3rd ventricle, the Huckmann, the ventricle, the cella media index as well as the calculation of an index brain/CSF density. Here the importance of total loss of substance - atrophy and infarcts - was evident, explaining why measurements of the ventricle dimensions only - apart from the distribution of infarcts - were not always relevant.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1982

Computertomography in subarachnoid haemorrhage and aneurysm.

50 patients with SAH and an aneurysm were investigated by CT and angiography. In the 59 patients 67 aneurysms were found. The mean interval between SAH and CT was 8 days, between SAH and angiography II days. Blood in the CSF space was visualized up to the 9th day in the patients and 67% of those investigated showed blood in the CSF-space in the CT. In 31% of the patients an aneurysm, in 29% an intracerebral haemorrhage and in 19% a recent infarct was found. A hydrocephalus was seen in 13% of the patients. Of 12 patients with recent infarcts 8 showed vasospasm which correlated in time and location with the infarct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Assessment of lesions in various sections of the visual pathway].

The suitability of ultrasonography, computer tomography and Octopus perimetry is illustrated with reference to an investigation carried out in 60 patients. First, the characteristic symptoms are described, depending on the localization of the lesion in the visual pathway. Then the advantages and disadvantages of the various examination methods are compared. In the orbita, echography is the most accurate method in the anterior segments, while the balance shifts increasingly in favor of CT toward the retrobulbar region. As far as intracranial tumors are concerned, there is good correlation between CT and VF findings in the case of sellar processes and pathologic changes of the midline and occipital lobe. In the frontotemporal region, on the other hand, VF defects are found in only one-half of the cases, while in the case of vascular lesions there is no apparent correlation between perimetry findings and the size of the lesion demonstrated on the computer tomogram. The importance of the Octopus for early recognition of such lesions is discussed.

Hemianopsia↗
PubMed1982

Clinical factors associated with dementia in ischaemic stroke.

71 patients with an ischaemic stroke were studied. The patients were separated into two groups on the basis of the results of clinical investigation, computed tomography and psychological testing (WAIS). 40 patients showed an early dementia and 31 were without mental impairment. The mean age was 57 years in the demented group and 54 years in the non-demented group. The mean duration of the history of cerebrovascular disease was also not statistically different in both groups. The frequency of strokes was identical since 50% of the patients in both groups had more than one stroke. The history of neurological symptoms together with the neurological deficits seen on admission were distributed evenly. The dominant hemisphere was more often diseased in the demented group. Bilateral symptoms were also more common in the demented stroke patients. The WAIS showed a similar IQ in both groups but the deterioration index was significantly altered in the demented group. Hypertension was the only risk factor which differed between both groups. Cardiac disease, diabetes, viscosity and fibrinogen did not differ in both groups. The CT showed more normal scans in the non-demented group, the distribution of atrophy on its own and infarction in the left or right hemisphere were both inconclusive, whilst patients with bilateral infarcts were more common in the dementia group. Also, generalised atrophy in combination with an infarct was found more often in the demented patients.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1982

Computer tomography in children with stroke.

31 children aged between 6 weeks and 15 years, who had suffered a stroke, were investigated by computer tomography (CT). 8 patients had suffered transient ischemic attacks (TIA), 17 had completed ischemic strokes and 6 had hemorrhagic strokes. The mean interval between the stroke and the first CT investigation was 5 days. In the group of 8 patients with transient ischemic attacks, 1 patient had a small infarct, 1 had atrophy and 2 exhibited A-V malformations. In the group of 17 patients with completed ischemic strokes, 14 showed an infarct, 5 had atrophy and in 1 an angioma was found. All 6 hematomas were detected by CT. In follow-up studies, 11 of 17 patients with ischemic stroke showed atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Neurophysiological findings and serum aluminium in dialysis encephalopathy.

64 patients on hemodialysis were investigated. The mean duration of dialysis was 43 months. In all the patients, serum aluminium levels, systolic blood pressure (averaged over a period of 6 weeks) and the EEG were investigated. Psychological testing to assess the level of intelligence (IQ) was also performed. The serum aluminium levels have been assayed by flameless atomic absorption (Perkin-Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 420). In 6 patients, the diagnosis of dementia was made on the basis of psychological testing and clinical observations. The demented patients showed significantly (p less than 0.01) higher aluminium levels (mean 409 microgram/l, SD 235) than the 58 non-demented patients (mean 189 microgram/l, SD 152), whereas the age of the patients, duration of dialysis and blood pressure were the same in both groups. The EEG was abnormal in all 6 demented patients. Only in 23 of the 58 non-demented patients was the EEG pathological (p less than 0.05). A significant correlation was found between serum aluminium levels and the EEG data with regard to bilateral slow waves, focal slow waves and epileptic potentials (p less than 0.05). The EEG, age of the patients, duration of dialysis and blood pressure showed no correlation. Electromyography, nerve conduction velocity and latency showed no correlation with aluminium levels or dementia. It can be concluded from our findings that in dialyzed patients there is a correlation between serum aluminium levels and the appearance of dementia and EEG changes.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1982

[The value of EEG in subarachnoidal haemorrhagia].

The EEG findings from patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhage are described. The results of the EEG and CT are compared. Furthermore the influence of neurological deficits on the number and degree of pathological EEG results was investigated and the EEG of patients with and without intracranial aneurysm, shown by angiography, were correlated. The EEG was pathological in 47 patients (70%) predominantly with focal changes. In the 17 patients with intracranial lesions pathological EEG records were significantly commoner and the changes were more evident. Also in patients with neurological deficits pathological EEG were significantly more frequent. In 25 patients with aneurysm, proved by angiography, predominately focal changes were found which gave us information about the site of the aneurysm. It was shown, that the EEG gives informations about intracerebral lesions and that in cases with subarachnoidal haemorrhage functional disturbances can be seen. The EEG is also of prognostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Changes in pattern evoked visual potentials in multiple sclerosis in respect to development of illness].

In 43 patients (28 female, 15 male) with a definitive diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis visual evoked potentials were tested several times with pattern stimulation. The average duration of the disease was 7 years before the first pattern evoked potential. The latency of the evoked potential, estimated from the first positive peak, was in the pathological range in 30 patients in the first investigation, whereas in 38 patients there was a delayed latency in the last measurement. There was an average period of 1.5 years between the first and last investigation. In 20 cases the evoked potentials showed a continuous delay in the latency. Two patients maintained the original pathological values and in 7 cases the control results were below that of the first investigation. In 9 cases it was not possible to show a definite result because of the marked fluctuation in the values. 5 times in the entire investigation was a pathological result absent. There was a clear correlation between both the duration of the disease and the presence of a delayed latency, and the frequency of episodes and a pathological latency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Night sleep studies: mobile recording in comparison to conventional laboratory recording].

Night sleep registrations were made in a group of 11 persons in a laboratory using both traditional polygraphic methods and a portable home recording system. A significantly higher value in the evaluation of the sleep efficiency index (quotient of total sleep time and total time in bed) was found with the mobile recording system. Apart from these findings the latency to the beginning of the particular sleep stages (classification of Dement and Kleitman) were diminished. Furthermore there was found a significant decrease of stage 1 in favour of the REM-sleep. Regarding the relation between the REM and the NREM-time, a distinct difference could also be shown. As to the subjective sensitivity, 10 of the 11 tested persons preferred the mobile recording system.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[EEG night sleep recording: evaluation with automatic data analysis].

Sleep investigations were made in a laboratory using both traditional polygraphic methods and a portable home recording system (Medilog-Recorder 4-24). The evaluation was done by an automatic analysis. For the division into the particular sleep stages (classification of Dement and Kleitman) at least the diversions of 2 EEG and 1 EOG-channel were found to be necessary. As a further parameter the measurement of the pulse frequency was used. After the determination of the frequency-spectrum by the Fast Fourier Transformation a power spectrum was made in order to register the changes of voltages (in periods of 30 seconds) with a sample rate of 128 and a frequency resolution of 0.5 Hz. To evaluate the EOG, a band pass filter was used and after the determination of a level of 15 microV only activities over this value were regarded. Furthermore an automatic artifact detection was fit into the program. The activities of the EEG, the EOG and the pulse frequency were compared with the normal values of the stages and, after that, the particular sleep phases were determined.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

[Epidemiology, clinical aspects and long term prognosis of vascular (multiple infarct) dementia].

The frequency of dementia states in old age has been demonstrated and the increasing social medical importance has been focused upon. The discrepant frequency of dementia of cerebrovascular origin between the autopsy and clinical case material and the distinguishing characteristics to the primary degenerative (Alzheimer type) dementia as the most frequent form of dementia have been mentioned. The importance of clinical assessment, apparatus diagnosis and laboratory for the differential diagnosis have been discussed. The importance of the early diagnosis of an underlying vascular etiology for therapy with special attention to prophylactic viewpoints has been emphasized upon.

Aged↗