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Biomedical subjects

G Jakse

Publications and source records attributed to G Jakse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Mechanisms of action of intravesical treatment. Effect on the ABH surface antigens of urothelial cells.

Blood group isoantigens can be demonstrated immune-histologically on normal urothelium of the urinary bladder by means of the specific red cell adherence test. In preneoplastic and reactive changes of the urothelium and in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, there is a loss of these antigens. Ultrastructural investigations of carcinoma in situ demonstrate a loss of normal membrane structures such as tight junctions, desmosomes, and glycocalyx. Of 18 patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder, 12 achieved tumor remission after topical chemotherapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride. A recurrence of blood group isoantigens was demonstrated in patients who achieved tumor remission. The antigenicity reappears before complete normalization of the urothelium. Ultrastructural investigations demonstrated normalization of cellular membrane structures in the respective biopsies. According to these findings and the current literature, the mechanisms of action of doxorubicin hydrochloride in carcinoma in situ may be due to retardation of cell cycle, cell loss by desquamation, cell death, and decrease of growth fraction.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

[Injuries of the posterior urethra].

Injuries of the posterior urethra are a result of a blunt trauma of the pelvic ring, lacerations of the perineum and iatrogenic perforations due to transurethral manipulations. Traumatic lesions of the posterior urethra in about 10% of these patients suffer also a bladder laceration. The diagnosis of a urethral injury is ascertained by i. v. urogram and urothrography. If a urethral trauma is suspected the insertion of a catheter should be avoided in any case. The treatment is divided in emergency treatment, which means evacuation and drainage of the haematoma and extravasation and suprapubic urinary derivation made by the surgeon and the primary realignment or delayed urethral reconstruction, both interventions being reserved for well trained urologists. Minimal lesions characterized by a preserved continuity in small extravasations in the urothrography are sufficiently treated by a suprapubic urinary diversion. Severe injuries are treated by realignment of the urethra over a splint, drainage of the perivesical space and urinary diversion. 63% of the patients treated by this modality had perfect results and there was no need for further therapy. The proper replacement of the fractured pelvic bones are an integrated part of our plan of treatment. About 12% of patients with pelvic fracture and injury of the posterior urethra experience loose their potency. These can be explained by neurovascular injury. Impotence does not seem to be caused by surgical treatment, since the rate of impotence is similar in patients treated by primary realignment and suprapubic urinary diversion only.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1983

Combined cis-platinum and radiation therapy in patients with stages pT3 and pT4 bladder cancer: a pilot study.

A prospective study was done on 8 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to evaluate toxicity of an integrated treatment with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (1.6 mg. per kg. body weight 3 times weekly) and 60 gray 60cobalt or 18 mev. photons. Local and systemic toxicity caused by this treatment schedule was minor. Late sequelae consisted of a contracted bladder in 1 patient. The rate of bladders free of tumor after a mean followup of 7.7 months was surprisingly high (6 of 8).

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Significance of ABH antigens and CEA for the prognosis of urothelial tumors].

Normal urothelial cells usually reveal surface-bound blood group isoantigens (ABH antigens). These substances can be demonstrated by means of the Specific Red Cell Adherence test (SRCA-test) or the indirect immunoperoxidase method. ABH antigens show a different distribution pattern from that of CEA. Some of the superficial, well-differentiated urothelial carcinomas show a depletion of the ABH content. The loss of antigens indicates a worse prognosis. Antigen depletion can be found also in preneoplastic alterations and in early stages of bladder cancer. In cases of SRCA-negative tumours, the apparently normal urothelium on light microscopy shows antigen depletion to some degree in a considerable proportion of cases. The loss of ABH antigens, therefore, seems to be a phenomenon which appears at a very early stage in the development of bladder cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1982

[Classification of bladder tumours by sonography (author's transl)].

Sonography was used for classifying bladder tumours by the T.N.M. system (UICC 1978). Methods and techniques are described. Since treatment depends largely on the stage of the tumour, classification is of great significance. With an accuracy of 95%, sonography has proved to be invaluable, non-invasive and an easy method. Examples are given to show its use in control after treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[The risk of tumor cell implantation by multiple selected bladder mucosal biopsies].

Two groups of patients with superficial bladder cancer were evaluated in regard to tumor recurrence. In one of the groups multiple, selected mucosal biopsies were done. There were no significant differences in regard to tumor recurrences between both groups, if tumor grade, -localisation and -multiplicity were considered. Selected, multiple mucosal biopsies do not increase the risk of iatrogenic implantation of tumor cells. By this diagnostic measure patients can be evaluated in respect to the further risk to develop tumor recurrences.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Stepwise combination of skeletal scintigram and x-rays in the improvement and rationalisation of skeletal metastases detection (author's transl)].

Skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc phosphate complexes allows the early detection of sites of pathological activity in bones. High sensitivity of this procedure (93%) contrasts with low specificity (59%). Scintigraphically-located sites are uncharacteristic and can imply various diagnoses and require radiodiagnostic investigation. The stepwise application of both methods is recommended, according to tumour type and clinical picture in order to avoid unnecessary and costly duplication of investigation procedures. Thus, the combination of the high specificity of skeletal radiology and the high sensitivity of scintigraphy aids the early detection of skeletal metastases, whereby whole-body skeletal scintigraphy forms the basis for such investigations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

ABH antigenicity of in situ carcinoma of the urinary bladder during intracavity treatment with doxorubicin hydrochloride.

Ten patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder were treated topically with doxorubicin hydrochloride. Blood group antigens were evaluated by the specific red cell adherence tests. Carcinoma in situ was associated with the loss of antigenicity, the reappearance of which could be demonstrated in patients with tumour remission. This occurred in spite of a persistent nuclear atypia.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Intracavitary doxorubicin hydrochloride therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

We treated 15 patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder by intravesical instillation of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Different dose and interval schedules, that is 40 mg. biweekly and 80 mg. monthly, each resulted in a 66 per cent tumor remission rate. In no instance were undue systemic effects noted; the local side effects were negligible. Cold cup random biopsies were obtained before and during therapy. Light and electron microscopic evaluation revealed a gradual redifferentiation of the malignant urothelium in the course of treatment. In addition, A, B and H antigenicity was assessed and showed a recurrence of initially lacking surface isoantigens in patients with tumor remission.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Specific red cell adherence test and unspecific immune response in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

ABH antigenicity and unspecific immune response were evaluated in 31 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma. 26% of these patients showed a reduced dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) reaction. There was no significant difference in the monocyte chemotaxis of patients with benign urological diseases and patients with superficial bladder cancer. However, a significant difference exists versus patients with deeply infiltrating carcinomas. 20 patients revealed a loss of ABH antigens on the initial tumor. During the follow-up of at least 1 year, patients with negative DNCB skin test, reduced monocyte chemotaxis and negative specific red cell adherence test demonstrated a high rate of recurrent tumors and in 1 of 7 a progressive tumor developed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Urethrography in urethral trauma: tissue reaction to extravasation of contrast dye and iatrogenic infection.

The reaction of periurethral tissue to retrograde urethrography with 30 or 60% contrast dye and/or iatrogenic infection following a sharp, penetrating injury of the urethra was investigated in rabbits. Urine was diverted continuously by tubeless cystostomy throughout the experiment. The local healing processes did not differ from the normal reaction after urethrography with 10 ml 30 or 60% sodium-meglumine-amidotrizoate or instillation of 1--2 . 10(6) E. coli in 10 ml saline. An increased inflammatory reaction was only observed when urethrography and the instillation of E. coli saline was combined, thus increasing the total fluid volume instilled and with it probably also the intraurethral pressure. The results suggest that retrograde urethrography as a diagnostic procedure immediately after an acute urethral trauma is free of adverse effects on the normal healing processes if performed under aseptic standards, with a small volume of contrast dye and as low as instillation pressure as possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Value of erythrocyte adherence tests (SRCA tests) in the diagnosis and therapy of superficial bladder tumors].

Patients with superficial transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder incorporating ABH-antigens will not develop infiltrating recurrent tumors in about 70%. The investigation of multiple-selected biopsies of the bladder mucosa in regard to ABH-antigenicity revealed an increasing deletion of ABH-antigens with the occurrence of dysplasias and in situ carcinomas. ABH-antigen negative tumors are significantly more often accompanied by dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (47%) than ABH-antigen positive tumors (23%). A chemoprophylactic treatment of patients with superficial bladder tumors after TUR was done prospectively. The prophylaxis with adriamycin decreased the percentage of progressive recurrent tumors from 70% (historical control) to 16% in the ABH-antigen negative tumor group.

Erythrocytes↗