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Biomedical subjects

G Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to G Hansson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Amyloid precursor protein mutation causes Alzheimer's disease in a Swedish family.

Since the report of a double mutation at codons 670 and 671 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene identified in two Swedish families with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD), a carrier with dementia has died. Neuropathology confirmed the clinical diagnosis of AD. Genealogical investigations have confirmed that the two families are related to common founders. Two-point linkage analysis of the mutation versus the disease in the revised pedigree now gives a lod score of 7.62.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The contralateral hip in patients primarily treated for unilateral slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Long-term follow-up of 61 hips.

We reviewed, at an average age of 46 years, a series of 61 patients treated for unilateral slipped upper femoral epiphysis. At maturity there had been slipping of the contralateral hip in 11 patients (18%) and another 14 (23%) had originally had evidence of bilateral slipping when the primary radiographs were reviewed. In only two of these 25 patients (8%) was the slipping of the contralateral hip symptomatic. The incidence of early osteoarthritis of the contralateral hip was 7 of 36 with no slip, 5 of 16 with an untreated slip and 1 of 9 with a slip pinned in situ. If all 61 contralateral hips had been prophylactically pinned at the primary admission, 36 of the operations (59%) would have been unnecessary. We recommend that prophylactic pinning of the contralateral hip should not be standard, but that lateral radiography by the Billing technique be repeated every third to fourth month until closure of the growth plate begins. Hips in which a slip occurs should be pinned in situ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

E-cadherin: a differentiation marker in thyroid malignancies.

Loss of E-cadherin (uvomorulin), a Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule required for normal epithelial function, has been attributed a pathogenetic role in tumor invasion. The expression of E-cadherin was studied in normal and neoplastic follicular epithelium of the human thyroid by Northern blot analysis and immunofluorescence on frozen tissue sections. In the normal thyroid (n = 10) and in benign thyroid disorders (n = 21; toxic diffuse goitre; multinodular goitre; follicular adenomas), E-cadherin mRNA levels were equally high and the follicles were generally stained, mainly along the lateral surface of the epithelial cells, by the anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody. In anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (n = 6) E-cadherin expression was very low or lacking. In papillary carcinomas (n = 23), E-cadherin mRNA levels varied from nearly normal to highly reduced, which roughly correlated with the overall immunofluorescence intensity. However, the immunostaining also revealed a heterogeneous "all-or-nothing" expression of E-cadherin among adjacent cells in the same tumor. In the follicular carcinomas (n = 9), E-cadherin mRNA levels were in general rather high but the immunostaining varied considerably. A few papillary and follicular tumors lacked immunoreactive E-cadherin in spite of high mRNA levels. In oxyphilic (Hürthle) cell tumors, comprising both adenomas (n = 4) and carcinomas (n = 2), E-cadherin immunoreactivity was reduced and distributed intracellularly rather than at the cell surface. The expression of E-cadherin in relapsing thyroid carcinomas and in tumors with metastatic spreading was, irrespective of the histiotype, low or lacking. Sequential Northern analysis revealed a close correlation between the expression levels of E-cadherin and the thyrotropin receptor. Together, the data suggest that in human thyroid malignancies both gene expression and posttranscriptional control of E-cadherin may be impaired.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Acute cobalt exposure and oxygen radical scavengers in the rat myocardium.

Excessive amounts of cobalt are cardiotoxic, although the mechanism for this toxicity remains unclear. We studied the effects of acute cobalt exposure on the activities of free radical scavengers in the myocardium in 5 groups of rats. Six rats served as a control group and were given a daily subcutaneous injection of 1 ml saline for 8 days. The other 4 groups of rats received a daily injection subcutaneously of cobalt chloride in doses of 1 mg/kg bw, 5 mg/kg bw, 20 mg/kg bw and 50 mg/kg bw, respectively for 8 days. There was a marked and dose-dependent accumulation of cobalt in the myocardium of the cobalt exposed rats. Creatine kinase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and alpha-tocopherol content did not differ between the control and the cobalt exposed groups. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased, while the activity of manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was significantly reduced in the cobalt exposed groups. There was an inverse relationship (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001) between the cobalt content and Mn-SOD activity in the myocardium. These results suggest that acute cobalt cardiotoxicity may involve a reduction of intrinsic scavengers resulting in an increased vulnerability to oxygen free radical toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Adrenocortical carcinoma--diagnostic and therapeutical implications.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of treatment of a consecutive series of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who presented during the six year period 1985 to 1991. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Endocrinology, and Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgren Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 10 consecutive patients, two with recurrent and eight with primary adrenocortical carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS: All patients were treated surgically. Two required preoperative embolisation of the tumour vessels to facilitate excision of particularly large tumours, and eight were given adjuvant treatment with mitotane (o,p'-DDD). RESULTS: At a median follow up of 1.5 years (range 3 months, to 21 years) 6 patients were alive with no radiological or biochemical signs of disease; 2 were alive, but with signs of recurrence (at 3 months and 6 years, respectively); and two had died of their disease (at 4 and 8 months, respectively). For the past two years all patients have had their urinary steroid profiles monitored by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to detect recurrence of the tumour at the earliest possible stage. CONCLUSION: Operation is the treatment of choice for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma, particularly stages I-III. The role of mitotane as adjuvant treatment can be evaluated only in multicentre studies.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Radiographic assessment of coxarthrosis following slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A 32-year follow-up study of 151 hips.

In all, 108 patients (151 hips) previously treated for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), were evaluated radiographically for assessment of coxarthrosis at an average age of 47 years. Five projections were obtained of each hip (supine a.p., supine modified frog lateral, standing a.p., standing anterolateral oblique, and standing posterolateral oblique) and the superior, anterior, and posterior joint space heights were measured (abnormal: superior < or = 3.0 mm and/or anterior and/or posterior < or = 2.5 mm). Sixty-three hips (42%) had joint space narrowing in at least one projection. The standing a.p. and 2 lateral oblique views identified 54 hips as abnormal, and the supine a.p. and modified frog lateral views uncovered an additional 9. The supine a.p. view was the least helpful; 12 abnormal hips on the standing a.p. view were normal on the supine a.p. view. Isolated narrowing in the anterior and/or posterior joint space was found in 9 hips (6%). These changes could only be assessed by the 2 lateral oblique views. Our results illustrate that a combination of standing radiographs, visualising the circumference of the articular space of the hip joint, and modified frog lateral projections is necessary to fully identify coxarthrosis in hips previously treated for SCFE.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Metoprolol does not reduce platelet aggregability during sympatho-adrenal stimulation.

The possibility that beta-adrenoceptor blockers, especially beta 1-selective agents might inhibit platelet function is of considerable interest, as this might be of pathophysiological importance in cardiovascular diseases. Platelet function, however, is difficult to assess and in vivo related data are scarce. The effect of one week of treatment with metoprolol 200 mg/day on platelet aggregability during mental stress (colour word conflict test; CWT) and low and high dose adrenaline infusions has been evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 10 healthy male volunteers. Platelet function in vivo was assessed using ex vivo filtragometry, and the urinary excretions of beta-thromboglobulin (HMW beta-TG) and 11-dehydro-TxB2 (a thromboxane metabolite). Conventional in vitro aggregometry and the urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a prostacyclin metabolite) were also studied. During the interventions there was increased platelet aggregability in vivo, as filtragometry readings were shortened by 41 +/- 11% during high dose adrenaline infusion, urinary HMW beta-TG levels increased and urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 tended to increase. In contrast, platelet sensitivity to ADP in vitro was reduced. The urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were increased during the interventions. Despite the cardiovascular and biochemical signs of beta-adrenoceptor blockade at rest and during the interventions, metoprolol failed to influence platelet function in vivo, as measured by ex vivo filtragometry, or urinary HMW beta-TG or 11-dehydro-TxB2 levels. It tended rather to enhance the stress response measured by ex vivo filtragometry. Platelet aggregability in vitro and urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were not altered by metoprolol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1992

Sacrococcygeal teratoma in Sweden: a 10-year national retrospective study.

Thirty-two children with sacrococcygeal teratoma have been treated during the last 10 years (1980 to 1989) in Sweden. A retrospective study was performed in four departments of pediatric surgery that treat sacrococcygeal teratomas in children from the whole of Sweden. Prenatal and perinatal histories were reviewed together with interval to diagnosis, Altman classification, histology, and serum alpha-fetoprotein. Details of surgical management +/- adjuvant chemotherapy and outcome of patients were also documented. In 8 patients the teratoma was diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography and there was one postoperative death in this group. Multiagent chemotherapy was used in all but one of 11 patients with malignant teratomas (in 8 of them a cisplatin, bleomycin, vinblastine combination). Only one patient with a malignant tumor treated by single-agent chemotherapy died, 8 others were still alive and tumor-free after 1 to 9 years (mean time, 5.4 years). Two patients developed late relapses and were treated by surgical resection. Metastases occurred in five of the 11 malignant tumors, one at presentation and in four patients 10 to 29 months following surgery. All relapses had distant metastases as well as local disease. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was used in monitoring some of these patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of non-union after tibial shaft fracture with a full cortical thickness inlay bone graft.

Twenty-seven non-infected delayed union or non-union fractures of the shaft of the tibia in 26 patients were operated on with a full cortical thickness inlay graft taken from the injured leg. The initial trauma was moderate in 9 fractures and severe in 18. Fifteen fractures were closed injuries and 12 open. The fracture pattern was longitudinal in 5 cases, transverse in 11 and communited in 11. Surgery was performed 12 to 72 weeks (mean: 30 weeks) after the fractures had been sustained. All fractures healed after the bone grafting procedure. The time until union was established after surgery ranged from 6 to 37 weeks (mean: 17 weeks). The healing time was neither influenced by the initial type of fracture pattern (p > 0.05) nor by the fracture age at surgery (r = -0.21). Of 13 patients re-examined 8 to 16 years after surgery, the clinical results were classified as excellent in 8, as fair in 2, and as poor in 3 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

IgE-positive duodenal mast cells in patients with food-related diarrhea.

Thirty-seven consecutive adult patients with a history of adverse reactions to foods, manifested mainly as diarrhea, were investigated with skin prick test (SPT), IgE levels in serum, and the presence of IgE bound to mast cells in duodenal biopsy specimens. Nineteen percent had increased serum IgE levels indicating the presence of atopic disease and in 35% positive SPTs for one or several allergens related to their gastrointestinal symptoms were found. In 92% of the patients with positive SPTs to food, IgE-positive mast cells in duodenal biopsy specimens were found, twice as many as in patients with negative SPTs (47%). Forty-two percent of normal individuals without any adverse reactions to foods had IgE-bearing mast cells in their intestinal mucosa. The results showed that 'arming' of mast cells with IgE locally was relatively prominent but not consistent in the gut of patients with food-related diarrhea suggested to be allergic by positive SPT. Intestinal IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions could be of pathogenetic significance in most of these patients. However, since also half of the normal individuals were found to have IgE-positive intestinal mast cells, this phenomenon presumably also reflects a normal physiological defence mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lack of correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the increasing incidence of primary liver cancer in Sweden.

The incidence of primary carcinoma of the liver in Sweden has been reported to increase. In order to study the role of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for liver cancer development 40 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined for the presence of HBV surface antigen and HBV core antigen in the cancer and in the surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. It was not possible to demonstrate a single case with tissue HBV antigen, indicating that HBV plays a minor role in the etiology of HCC in Sweden and thus does not seem to be responsible for the increasing incidence of this cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Non-polarized cell surface expression of HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR antigens in Graves' thyroid follicle cells.

The intrathyroidal distribution and cell surface location of HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR antigens was studied in polarized thyroid follicle cells from Graves' (n = 11) and normal (n = 3) thyroid tissue, using light and electron microscopy. Cryosections and isolated, open follicle segments were incubated with monoclonal antibodies against HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR antigens and with patient sera containing autoantibodies against the microsomal antigen/thyroperoxidase. Immunoreactivity for HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR on isolated thyroid follicle cells was frequently detected in Graves' disease, but absent in normal glands. There was a large variation in the immunolabelling between follicles as well as between different glands. Both HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR immunoreactivity were detected on the apical and the basal surface of the follicle cells. Microsomal antigen/thyroperoxidase immunoreactivity was restricted to the apical cell surface. In contrast to normal tissue, HLA-DR positive cells with a dendritic or macrophage-like morphology were frequent in Graves' tissue. These cells adhered directly to the basal surface of isolated follicle segments. We conclude that HLA antigens are, unlike thyroid-specific plasma membrane constituents, expressed in a non-polarized manner at the surface of the follicular epithelium. These observations might have implications on the immune recognition of thyroidal autoantigens in Graves' disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prostacyclin synthesis in relation to sympathoadrenal activation. Effects of beta-blockade.

Results from several studies suggest that beta-adrenoceptor blockade causes increased biosynthesis of the vasodilator prostanoid prostacyclin in the arterial wall. This effect may contribute to the clinical effects of beta-blockers in hypertension and coronary heart disease. Studies in hypertensive patients and in animals indicate that the arterial pressure reduction after beta-blockade is related to the associated increase of prostacyclin biosynthesis, regarding both magnitude and time of onset of effect. Some observations suggest that the effects of beta-blockers in myocardial ischemia may in part be due to an improvement of coronary blood flow caused by increased prostacyclin biosynthesis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Effect of disulfiram on the platelet function and fibrinolysis in healthy volunteers.

Disulfiram was studied for platelet and fibrinolytic activity in 12 healthy volunteers of both sexes (age 23-75 years). Placebo was given for 7 days, followed by disulfiram, 800 mg for 2 days and 400 mg for an additional 12 days. Finally, there was another placebo period of 14 days. With the exception of an initial platelet activation on day 2, no significant effects were found on the platelet variables studied: platelet aggregation with collagen, ADP and adrenaline, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. Treatment for 14 days with disulfiram resulted in a decreased euglobulin clot lysis time: from 421 +/- 82 to 246 +/- 41 min (p less than 0.01). After an initial increase, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity was slightly decreased on disulfiram, from 8.4 +/- 1.6 on placebo to 6.0 +/- 1.2 U/ml (p less than 0.05) after 14 days of treatment. Plasminogen, fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin were unchanged. It is concluded that disulfiram can increase fibrinolytic activity in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Histopathologic characteristics and nuclear DNA content as prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma. A nationwide study in Sweden. The Swedish MTC Study Group.

Complete follow-up for 4 to 27 years was achieved for virtually all 249 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) diagnosed in Sweden in a 23-year period. Tumor specimens from 241 patients were re-examined with regard to calcitonin immunoreactivity, amyloid content, argyrophil reaction, tumor capsule condition, and nuclear DNA content. In univariate analyses, these factors, with the exception of the argyrophil reaction, were strong predictors of survival. There were twofold-to-threefold differences in hazard rate between patients with a high (greater than 50%) and low (less than 10%) frequency of calcitonin-immunoreactive tumor cells, between those with amyloid-containing and amyloid-free tumors, and between those with an intact and a nonintact tumor capsule. Calcitonin immunoreactivity and the amyloid content also provided prognostic information in multivariate analyses that adjusted for all the other factors mentioned above and in the full multivariate model, which in addition considered age, sex, heredity, stage of the disease, tumor size, and treatment. The strong prognostic capacity of the nuclear DNA content found in univariate analyses became considerably weaker when other morphologic characteristics were considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Concomitant occurrence of an adrenal ganglioneuroma and a contralateral pheochromocytoma in a patient with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. An immunocytochemical study.

This report presents concomitant occurrence of an adrenal ganglioneuroma and a contralateral pheochromocytoma in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. The patient's daughter also has cutaneous neurofibromatosis and an adrenal medullary tumor indicating that the observed "three component disease" may represent an inherited neurocristopathy. Immunocytochemically the ganglioneuroma showed a positive reaction with a tyrosinhydroxylase antiserum, but a negative reaction with a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase antiserum, suggesting the capacity of dopamine synthesis. Frequent ganglion cells were immunopositive against neuropeptide Y, but occasional ganglion cells were also positive against enkephalin and substance P. Adrenergic nerve fibers were abundant in the Schwann cell portion of the tumor, but peptide containing nerve cell processes were also demonstrated.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗