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Biomedical subjects

G Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to G Hansson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Reliability of articular indices and function tests in a population study of rheumatic disorders.

Reliability and method error were assessed for 25 clinical tests by test-retest on 31 subjects with rheumatic disorder (RD) and on 28 consecutive non-RD of a reference group (REF) from a female population sample. Low systemic differences were found for joint mobility tests in the RD group and correlation coefficients were generally above 0.7. A significant difference in the RD group was found only for climbing stairs, and in the REF group for shoulder external rotation and flexion, wrist extension and grip strength. The relative method error of grip strength was large (17%). A new assessment of activities of daily living could not be fully evaluated because the population studies had limited disability, but the error was acceptable. Articular indices (Lansbury, Ritchie, and American Rheumatism Association) showed large method errors (9-25%), acceptable test-retest correlations (greater than 0.75), and a systematic difference only in the Ritchie index. The analyses showed that a number of clinical tests are adequate for population studies of RD, but the metrical properties of these tests must be considered in the planning of clinical and population studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Endometrial sampling using the Mi Mark procedure as a primary routine: first year's experience.

This study reports on the Mi Mark technique as a primary method of endometrial sampling in routine practice. The experience gained during the first year was evaluated with regard to diagnostic accuracy and acceptability. In total, 736 patients were examined using either the Mi Mark technique or dilatation and curettage (D&C). In the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, in the study group, 11% and 30%, respectively, of the Mi Mark specimens proved too scanty for evaluation. In women aged over 60 the proportion of specimens that were inadequate for diagnosis was around 60% and the Mi Mark technique was not therefore considered to be suitable for use in this age group. If the latter group is excluded, the Mi Mark procedure could replace D&C in 47% of cases. Where the sampling material obtained was inadequate a secondary D&C was performed, following which an atrophic endometrium was usually found, although endometrial cancers were detected in 2 cases. Thus, an inadequate specimen obtained by means of the Mi Mark helix did not exclude the possibility of endometrial malignancy. When questioned, 8% of the patients stated that they considered the pain associated with the examination to be severe. On the other hand, 93% were prepared to undergo another Mi Mark procedure if necessary. The Mi Mark technique was considered to be adequate in terms of both acceptability and accuracy provided a D&C was performed in cases where the Mi Mark specimen was inadequate for evaluation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Primary biliary cirrhosis presenting as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with deterioration after splenectomy.

A case of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) presenting as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is described. The patient, a 59-year-old woman, had, at the time when thrombocytopenia was first observed, an asymptomatic PBC. She responded only temporarily to corticosteroids, and splenectomy had to be performed later. After this operation the platelet count was normalized, but a marked and rapid deterioration of her previously indolent PBC occurred. The time-relationship indicates that the removal of the spleen may be considered the cause of the disease's progression. Possible mechanisms behind this adverse effect of the splenectomy are discussed. After initiation of azathioprine therapy a good response in clinical and laboratory features of the PBC was obtained, although the histological picture has remained unchanged.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

In our series the prognosis of medullary carcinoma of thyroid (MCT) has improved during recent years due to earlier diagnosis and more systematic treatment. MCT remains confined to the neck for long periods of time. The surgical strategy should be based on this fact and on the occurrence and distribution of lymph node metastases. Lymph node metastases occurred in 90% of patients with palpable tumors. In those patients with hereditary MCT who had palpable tumors the lymph node metastases were distributed bilaterally in 88%. Hereditary cases with non-palpable thyroid tumors had lymph node metastases in 27%. During the last 15 years none of the patients with hereditary but 15% of those with sporadic disease died from MCT. During the same period 12 of 22 patients with lymph node metastases had their provoked calcitonin levels normalized by surgery.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Pitfalls of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint.

The efficiency of the routines for early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint (CDH) practiced in the 1960s in the city of Göteborg were reviewed. Between 1961 and 1970 there were 65,875 live births in Göteborg. Eighty-five percent of the estimated number of cases of CDH were diagnosed during the first month of life. Of the children "missed" at the primary screening on the maternity wards, 75% (15/20) were premature babies and/or had been delivered during weekends. In all, 475 newborn children were judged to have unstable hips (dislocated or dislocatable hips), corresponding to an incidence of 7.2 per thousand live births. In 19 children, abduction treatment with braces commenced during the first 10 days of life failed to prevent dislocation. Eighteen of these children were treated primarily with a Frejka pillow and one with a von Rosen splint. A history of CDH among relatives was obtained in 47% of these 19 children including four of five children who had developed pathological hips after supplementary treatment with a hip spica cast and/or surgery. Radiological examination at the age of 1-4 months was helpful in revealing failure of early abduction treatment to prevent dislocation, which in most cases was difficult to detect by clinical examination at this early age.

Female↗
PubMed1988

The role of sympathetic activity in atherogenesis: effects of beta-blockade.

Clinical and experimental evidence points to potential antiatherosclerotic effects of certain beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Long-term treatment with metoprolol resulted in significant reductions of total and cardiovascular mortality or morbidity due to decreased incidence of coronary and cerebrovascular complications both in a primary prevention trial in hypertensive patients and in a secondary prevention trial in patients surviving myocardial infarction. The observations suggest that a retardation of atherosclerosis development might have contributed to the reduced incidence of cardiovascular complications. An antiatherosclerotic effect of beta-blockers has been directly demonstrated in animal studies. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, metoprolol significantly reduced the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic intima in the absence of any changes in blood lipids. Similar findings were reported for propranolol, which prevented psychosocial stress-induced atherosclerosis of the coronary artery in monkeys. Furthermore, beta-blockers have been shown to prevent stress-induced endothelial injury and platelet accumulation to intima at atherosclerotic predilection sites in animal models. These antiatherogenic effects may be due to biochemical and hemodynamic factors. Two biochemical effects of beta-blockade may lead to reduced cholesterol accumulation in arterial intima at unchanged serum cholesterol levels. One is a beta-blocker-induced increase of prostacyclin biosynthesis, and the other a metabolic change of low-density lipoprotein, reducing its potential for deposition in the arterial wall. The antiatherogenic effect of these factors may be reinforced by beta-blocker-induced hemodynamic changes leading to reductions of arterial flow aberrations and pressure-related wall stress.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Persistent alanine aminotransferase elevation in healthy Swedish blood donors--mainly caused by obesity.

Five hundred consecutive healthy blood donors were tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 44 (8.8%) had increased levels. Donors with and without raised ALT were compared in several aspects but only weight (expressed as percentage of ideal body weight) and sex differed significantly (119.1 +/- 14.5 and 106.3 +/- 12.8%, respectively; p less than 0.001 and males 97.7 and 77.1%, respectively; p less than 0.01). The 44 donors with raised ALT were followed up and in 13 out of 15 donors with persistently raised ALT without obvious reason, a liver biopsy was performed. Ten donors had various degrees of liver steatosis, 2 had normal liver morphology and in 1 donor chronic hepatitis could not be ruled out. If ALT screening is introduced as a surrogate test for non-A, non-B hepatitis in Swedish blood donors, we suggest that a correction for overweight must be considered in order to minimize donor loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Protein synthesis and quantitative morphology in thyroid tissue from hyperthyroid patients after preoperative treatment with antithyroid or beta-adrenergic antagonist drugs.

The rate of protein synthesis was measured in thyroid tissue obtained from three groups of patients undergoing thyroid surgery: group I (n = 18), hyperthyroid patients preoperatively treated with an antithyroid drug and T4; group II (n = 11), hyperthyroid patients preoperatively treated with a beta-adrenergic antagonist drug; and group III (n = 9), euthyroid patients operated on for multinodular goiter or adenoma. Quantitative morphology was studied in the resected thyroid tissue from the patients in groups I (n = 15) and II (n = 6) who had Graves' disease. While serum thyroid hormone levels became normal during preoperative treatment in group I, they remained elevated in the group II patients. The rate of protein synthesis was 2-fold higher in thyroid tissue from patients in group II than in those in groups I and III. A tendency toward an increased amount of epithelium and a reduced amount of colloid was found in thyroid tissue from patients in group II. There was a positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis, and distribution of epithelium, and the epithelium to colloid ratio, respectively, in thyroid tissue. These results suggest that the thyroid gland of hyperthyroid patients remains hyperactive during treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist drugs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Morphology of the adrenal medulla indicating multiple neuroectodermal abnormalities in pheochromocytoma patients.

25 of 85 (29.4%) consecutive patients operated on for pheochromocytoma had other neuroectodermal abnormalities. Medullary thyroid carcinoma was the most common associated neuroectodermal abnormality followed by von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Other abnormalities were intracranial tumors, parathyroid hyperplasia and midgut carcinoid. The adrenal medulla was studied to find out morphological characteristics in patients with associated neuroectodermal abnormalities. All patients with multiple pheochromocytomas (n = 7) and all patients with hyperplasia of the extratumoral adrenal medulla (n = 13) had other neuroectodermal abnormalities. It is important to detect the associated neuroectodermal abnormalities because they can be lethal. Patients with associated neuroectodermal abnormalities often have hereditary syndromes.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

A common restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human apolipoprotein E gene and its relationship to type III hyperlipidaemia.

We report a common DNA polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene detected with the enzyme HpaI. In an individual who is heterozygous for the polymorphism, two hybridising fragments of DNA, one of 50 kb (the H1 allele) and one of 20 kb (the H2 allele) are detected. In 54 controls the frequency of the rare allele is 0.38 (PIC value 0.36). We have also studied the frequency of the polymorphism in normolipidaemic and hyperlipidaemic individuals whose apo E protein typing is known. In 39 individuals with type III hyperlipidaemia and the apo E phenotype E2E2, the frequency of the H2 allele is 0.97. In contrast, the frequency of the H2 allele in normolipidaemic individuals with the E2E2 phenotype is closer to that found in the general population. Possible explanations for this are discussed.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed1987

Humoral immunity in nasal mucosa of patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Humoral immunodeficiency, as reflected by the low serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), was even more severely expressed at the B-cell level in their nasal mucosa. No Ig-producing cells could be detected by immunohistochemistry in 11 of 19 mucosal specimens. The epithelial distribution of secretory component (SC) was normal in all specimens, but a sign of SC-dependent IgM transport was seen in only three. Epithelial IgA was completely lacking. All patients had had recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and 16 had recurrent or chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract. A previous report indicated that the intestinal mucosa is a privileged site for maturation of B cells in patients with CVID; the present study shows that this does not hold true for the nasal mucosa. This difference in B-cell maturation may in part explain the preferential susceptibility to infections in the respiratory tract of patients with CVID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Histochemical investigation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

An enzyme histochemical method and histomorphological examination were applied in the cases of 37 patients with cytological atypia. Good agreement was found between the presence of aberrant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity (metabolic atypia) and histopathologically demonstrable dysplasia. Only three women with metabolic atypia showed a normal histopathological picture. The results suggest that enzyme histochemistry may also be a valuable supplement to histopathology in the diagnosis of cervical neoplastic changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Influence of sodium deoxycholate on morphology, net fluid transport and motility in the small intestine of the rat.

Intestinal fluid secretion and motility were induced by luminal perfusion of rat small intestine with sodium deoxycholate, a dihydroxy bile salt for 1-3 h. Changes in intestinal morphology were studied simultaneously with the changes in fluid transport and motility. The results suggest that the bile salt causes epithelial lesions which may lead to a reduced fluid absorption in the villi, thereby explaining part of the total change in net fluid transport caused by the bile salt. Pyrilamine and indomethacin did not influence the bile salt-induced secretion. Based on earlier studies, it is proposed that the major part of the bile salt-evoked secretion is mediated via activation of intramural nervous reflex(es), which also stimulate the intestinal smooth muscle cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical study of nasal mucosa in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

The presence of immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells was studied immunohistochemically in nasal mucosa obtained from adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency. In 11 of 19 biopsy specimens no such cells could be detected and with one exception very few appeared in the others. Distinct sign of epithelial IgM transport mediated by secretory component (SC) was seen in three specimens although the epithelial distribution of SC appeared normal in all cases. All patients had recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and 16 had recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract. The localization of the infections primarily to the respiratory tract might be explained by the fact that the immunodeficiency, as reflected by the low serum Ig concentrations, was still more severely expressed at the B cell level in the nasal mucosa.

Adolescent↗