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Biomedical subjects

G Gay

Publications and source records attributed to G Gay.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Absence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in individuals with abetalipoproteinemia.

Abetalipoproteinemia is a human genetic disease that is characterized by a defect in the assembly or secretion of plasma very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), which is located in the lumen of microsomes isolated from the liver and intestine, has been proposed to function in lipoprotein assembly. MTP activity and the 88-kilodalton component of MTP were present in intestinal biopsy samples from eight control individuals but were absent in four abetalipoproteinemic subjects. This finding suggests that a defect in MTP is the basis for abetalipoproteinemia and that MTP is indeed required for lipoprotein assembly.

Abetalipoproteinemia↗
PubMed1992

Genetic transformation of the symbiotic basidiomycete fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum.

The pAN7.1 plasmid containing the E. coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene was used to transform protoplasts of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Hygromycin-resistant transformants were selected at a frequency of one to five per micrograms of transforming DNA. Southern blot analyses revealed multiple copy integration of the transforming plasmid into the genome. The selection system was used to introduce other genes of interest by co-transformation. Two plasmids, one containing tryptophan biosynthesis genes and the other the NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase gene from the saprophytic basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus, were successfully introduced into the H. cylindrosporum genome with up to 70% efficiency of co-transformation. The hygromycin resistance phenotype was stably maintained during growth of transformants on hygromycin-free medium. All transformants retained their ability to form mycorrhizae with the habitual host plant Pinus pinaster, making them suitable for future physiological studies.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1992

Villous adenomatosis of duct of Wirsung revealed by wirsungorragie: evolution and surgical management.

A patient presenting with wirsungorragie was found to have a villous adenoma of the duct of Wirsung. The lesion was treated by a left pancreatectomy. Five years later he presented with recurrent wirsungorragie and was found to have a villous adenomatosis of the main pancreatic duct and of its side branches. This time a Whipple procedure was performed, achieving a total pancreatectomy. The patient has remained well for 12 months. This case of villous adenomatosis is, to our knowledge, the first one to be revealed by a wirsungorragie.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Liver fibrosis in a patient with familial homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia: possible role of vitamin supplementation.

A case of apolipoprotein B-related disorder is reported in which liver fibrosis developed without long term administration of medium chain triglycerides, previously incriminated in the pathogenesis of this lesion. The patient was a young woman in whom the diagnosis of familial homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia was made at the age of 21. A first liver specimen taken at diagnosis revealed steatosis, hypertrophic Golgi apparatus and proliferating smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The patient was treated with vitamin A and E supplementation only. Two years later, a second liver biopsy, carried out because of increased serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations, showed fibrosis, mild cytolysis and marked mitochondrial alterations. Hepatic level of vitamin A was increased. This finding supports the hypothesis that liver disease observed in our patient might be an adverse effect of vitamin supplementation. Our observation underlines the importance of including liver function tests in the follow up of patients with apolipoprotein B-related disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Endoscopy of the small intestine in 1991: is it the end of the tunnel?].

Small bowel enteroscopy in 1991 is now feasible in two clinical situations: in the case of malabsorption or diffuse intestinal disease, it is easier to visualise the small bowel with the "push enteroscopy methods". The most proximal and distal ends of the small intestine can be viewed through standard instruments or better with videocoloscope beyond the ligament of Treitz. The ileocecal valve can be intubated after total colonoscopy for the evaluation of Crohn's disease, tuberculosis and small bowel lymphoma. In the case of occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage small bowel enteroscopy now permits visualization of large amounts of small intestinal. When the gastrointestinal bleeding is severe, we recommend intraoperative enteroscopy. When the bleeding is not severe and chronic, it is possible to perform a non surgical total small bowel enteroscopy with an enteroscope or videoenteroscopoe. Prototypes are under development. The procedure is safe an can be performed on an outpatient basis. The limitations of the procedure are the impossibility of intervention and inability to inspect the total mucosal surface. It is not a "first line" or "second line" investigation in these situations. It should be considered after previous investigations have been negative. Push enteroscopy should be performed by general endoscopists, non surgical and total enteroscopy should be reserved, for instance for skills and motivated team endoscopists.

Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed1991

[The so-called "idiopathic" anaphylaxis: allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions].

The anaphylaxis that is called idiopathic (A.I.) forms less than 1% of the publications that are concerned with anaphylaxis. The clinical picture associates all the symptoms of anaphylaxis, with particular frequency of Quincke's laryngeal oedema. A vital risk is supposed. No abnormal biological factor can be found. There is an associated, variable pathology in 20% of subjects, 58% are atopic. A.I. effects women more--69%. Quincke's hereditary angioneurotic oedema, the carcinoid syndrome, and the capillary hyperpermeability syndrome, paroxysm with monoclonal gammopathy, systemic mastocytosis must be eliminated as well as false anaphylaxis. The authors review the exceptional causes that may not be considered: drug anaphylaxis, to foods, hymenoptera, effort anaphylaxis, to hydatic antigens, to toboggans, to progesterone. Pathogenic hypotheses incriminate sensitization to unknown allergens, functional anomalies of mastocytes, heterogeneity of IgE. Addition of allergic and non-allergic factors is possible. Release of mediators other than histamine is one hypothesis proposed, to account for the inefficiency of anti H1. Prevention requires avoidance of aspirin, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and beta blockers. Basic treatment is always corticosteroids, with anti H1 and sympathomimetic amines where the A.I. is severe.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Hospital characteristics and mortality rates.

The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) publishes hospital mortality rates each year. We undertook a study to identify characteristics of hospitals associated with variations in these rates. To do so, we obtained data on 3100 hospitals from the 1986 HCFA mortality study and the American Hospital Association's 1986 annual survey of hospitals. The mortality rates were adjusted for each hospital's case mix and other characteristics of its patients. The mortality rate for all hospitalizations was 116 per 1000 patients. Adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher for for-profit hospitals (121 per 1000) and public hospitals (120 per 1000) than for private not-for-profit hospitals (114 per 1000; P less than 0.0001 for both comparisons). Osteopathic hospitals also had an adjusted mortality rate that was significantly higher than average (129 per 1000; P less than 0.0001). Private teaching hospitals had a significantly lower adjusted mortality rate (108 per 1000) than private nonteaching hospitals (116 per 1000; P less than 0.0001). Adjusted mortality rates were also compared for hospitals in the upper and lower fourths of the sample in terms of certain hospital characteristics. The mortality rates were 112 and 121 per 1000 for the hospitals in the upper and lower fourths, respectively, in terms of the percentage of physicians who were board-certified specialists (P less than 0.0001), 112 and 120 per 1000 for occupancy rate (P less than 0.0001), 113 and 120 per 1000 for payroll expenses per hospital bed (P less than 0.0001), and 113 and 119 per 1000 for the percentage of nurses who were registered (P less than 0.0001).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1988

[Bibliographic review of antihistaminics H2 in the treatment of chronic (or recurrent) idiopathic urticaria].

Cimetidine alone has not been shown conclusively to be effective in the treatment of urticaria. Cimetidine in combination with an H1 antihistamine has been shown to be effective in studies of patients who could not be controlled by H1 antihistamine alone. In that section of the patient population with "untreatable" chronic urticaria, the use of an H2 antagonist in conjunction with an H1 antagonist should be considered as a possible treatment.

Histamine H1 Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

[Type I hypersensitivity to latex].

Allergy to latex causes serious accidents that are often unrecognised. These accidents are perfectly predictable by a simple interrogation, together with skin and biological tests. Populations at risk can be identified: persons undergoing treatment, particularly the disabled and also housewives. There is a risk of further increases in the number of cases of hypersensitivity to latex due to the expanding use of preservatives. The study undertaken at the CHU at Angers has shown that allergy to fruits is frequent in patients who are sensitive to latex. The exact nature of allergy to Hevea is not yet well understood: it is not possible at present to decide whether there is "crossed allergy" or whether it is one part of a larger syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lack of linkage between HLA and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 in a French family.

In this study, linkage between HLA and a dominant gene determining multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) in a large pedigree was investigated. All lod scores for recombination fractions ranging from 0 to 0.45 were negative. If we pool data from our family and the families studied by Jackson et al. (1976) and Simpson & Falk (1982), a link between HLA and the locus for MEN 2 can be excluded. Linkage studies with various markers and pooled data should be pursued to permit detection of high risk individuals and to identify a genetic defect.

Genetic Linkage↗
PubMed1986

A case of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism and hepatitis: results of clinical laboratory and histological tests.

We report a case of amiodarone-induced hepatitis accompanied by hyperthyroidism in which estimations of amiodarone in blood and in the liver and histological examinations were performed at the start and end of a 3-month interval. Our observation demonstrates the persistence in the liver of amiodarone and its principal metabolite for 3 months after the drug was withdrawn. There was no correlation between the persistence of the drug, the elevation of enzyme levels, and the extent of histological damage in the liver.

Amiodarone↗