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Biomedical subjects

G Gay

Publications and source records attributed to G Gay.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

Caryometry and nuclear ultrastructure of cultured human breast cancer cells (FAM) after oestradiol administration.

In a breast cancer cell line (FAM) isolated and characterized in our laboratory, we previously observed that oestradiol (E2) did not affect cell multiplication in vitro. In this work, we examined whether these cells bearing oestrogen and progesterone receptors, were oestrogen (E)-sensitive in spite of their lack of growth response. We observed that E2 administration resulted in an increase in protein synthesis characterized by enhancement of progesterone receptors, creatine-phosphokinase and plasminogen activator. Thus these FAm cells were true E-responsive target cells and we studied their nuclear size and ultrastructure to determine if E2 stimulation induced the same important changes as described in vivo. We observed no significant differences between control and E2-treated cells. In these breast cancer cells in vitro, E does not act on DNA-auto-reproduction but only on transcriptional activity. Thus, there is only a limited number of activated genes and no gross nuclear morphological changes. In these cultured oestrogen target cells, ultrastructural nuclear changes are not a marker of hormone action, unlike the situation in vivo where E also acts in triggering cell multiplication.

Breast Neoplasms↗

Oestradiol is effective in stimulating 3H-thymidine incorporation but not on proliferation of breast cancer cultured cells.

The growth of numerous human oestrogen target cell lines is said to have been stimulated by oestradiol. We studied the action of this hormone on the growth of two human cancer cell lines originating from endometrium (GUS), and from breast (FAM). Oestradiol was inactive on endometrial cell multiplication as well as on their tritiated thymidine uptake, but in FAM breast cancer cells, we noticed a discrepancy between tritiated thymidine uptake and actual cell proliferation: there was a 40% increase in DNA precursor uptake, but no change in either the number of cells or in their DNA content, both of which were verified by two different methods. Therefore, an actual increased nuclear (autoradiographic) uptake of thymidine did take place in oestrogenized cells, associated with an increase of incorporation into DNA (a rise of radioactivity in the acid-insoluble materials), but finally there was no greater total DNA increase in the whole treated population than in control cells. Then we examined the metabolism of tritiated thymidine in oestradiol-treated FAM cells. We extracted the radioactive thymine nucleotides and characterized them chromatographically: the oestradiol caused an increase in the labelling of deoxythymine monophosphate (TMP). How these results are consistent with both unmodified cell count and whole DNA content is discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗

[Influence of pedicle clamping in partial hepatic resection with the Nd YAG laser. Comparative study in a series of 15 pigs].

Liver resection is performed in 15 pigs by means of low divergent Nd YAG laser, the hepatic pedicle being clamped and not. Clamping does not modify the efficiency of laser hemostasis during resection but increases the thickness of the ischemic layer underlying the cut liver edge. The coagulation necrosis and the edematous layer are more thickened. Migration of inflammatory cells and young fibrosis present at day 3 are gaining ground until day 15. During the same period, biliary neoductules and nodules of hepatic regeneration appear. Hepatic inflow being conserved, these reactions are delayed and less intensive. The hyperthermia, the inflammatory cellular reaction and the deepness of parenchymal damages induces by pedicle clamping are suitable for antitumoral surgery. Cooling effects of hepatic inflow are better for traumatic surgery.

Animals↗

[Long-term hypotensive treatment by butofilolol].

Eighteen patients, most of them plethoric, exhibiting stage I, II or III permanent essential hypertension, were treated following reduction of their weight excess with moderate doses of butofilolol. The minimum duration of treatment was 6 months; 5 patients received the drug for more than 1 year, and the last 3 for more than 18 months. An antihypertensive effect of butofilolol was observed in 11 of 18 cases. It was deemed very good or good in 9 patients, i.e. 50 p. cent; this is the usual rate of efficacy of beta-blocking agents in this indication. The effective dose, administered as 1 or 2 daily doses, is 200 mg/day on an average (range 75-300). No true manifestation of clinical or biological intolerance was recorded, although the patients were continued on low-calorie diets, and some of them showed disturbances of glycoregulation. It is the author's opinion that butofilolol constitute a good therapeutic approach to hypertension in plethoric subjects, when the weight reduction has failed to correct it adequately--if at all.

Adult↗

[Embryologic origin of salivary inclusions in the parotid lymph nodes].

Epithelial salivary ducts included in the lymphoïd tissue are sometimes recognized in the lymph nodes of an adult parotid region. These salivary inclusions into the nodes are in fact constant features of the foetal parotid gland. They arise by progressive development of a lymph node in a salivary lobula: lymphoid cells progressively stuff the lobula and choke the epithelial ducts. So, these salivary inclusions must not be qualified as ectopic.

Fetus↗

The liver and primary type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia: a pathological study.

We studied the histological structure of the livers of 36 patients presenting type IV primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. Electron microscopy revealed dilation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as the presence of giant mitochondria containing para-crystalline inclusions. Steatosis was present in all type IV hyperlipoproteinaemic patients regardless of their weight or nutritional sensitivity (to alcohol or carbohydrate). The ultrastructural modifications observed by electron microscopy indicate an increased synthesis of very-low-density lipoproteins by the hepatocytes. An alteration in excretion cannot be ruled out with certainty even though the microfilamentary microtubular system was intact, since the qualitative and functional modifications in this system may be undetectable by electron microscopy.

Adult↗

Fractions of middle molecular weight responsible for immunodeficiency in malnourished and burnt patients.

Patients with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) or burn injury have a high incidence of infection, partly related to a secondary deficiency of cell-mediated immunity. We have studied sera from 37 patients with PCM, 19 burns patients, and 8 uremic patients, and results were compared with those obtained in 12 healthy individuals. Chromatography on Sephadex G-25 fine revealed a high peak of so-called Middle Molecules. This fraction appeared to be almost superimposable on that separated from sera and urines of uremic patients, but even more concentrated especially in burns patients and in the severely hypoproteinemic patients with kwashiorkor. The proliferative responses of normal lymphocytes were inhibited by the patients' sera. A significantly more potent inhibition was obtained with middle molecular weight fractions from sera of these patients. Percentages of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) inhibition were 69.38 +/- 21.69 (eluates from PCM patients), 67.05 +/- 21.75 (eluates from burnt patients), 66.37 +/- 31.38 (eluates from uremic patients), and 26.00 +/- 18.90 (eluates from control sera). Indirect evidence suggests that these inhibitory fractions may be responsible for several of the immunologic and hematologic disturbances found in PCM and in burnt patients.

Adult↗

[Cloacogenic transitional epithelium of the anal canal and Solère's theory on cloacal partitioning].

A transitional zone, between the squamous and columnar epithelium is described at the anorectal junction. Its existence, unknown in most of the Histology text books is an indirect evidence of the theory of SOLERE (1969). According to this author, there is a flattened sagittal entoblastic bud, shared by uro-genital and anal zones, achieving the closure of the cloacal cavity in its distal part. Some data which agree with this theory are discussed.

Anal Canal↗

Effects of ornithine alphaketoglutarate on blood insulin, glucagon and aminoacids in alcoholic cirrhosis.

After summing up existing theories about the origins and development of functional hepatic encephalopathy, the authors report on the effects of six-hour intravenous infusions of ornithine alphaketoglutarate (60 g dissolved in 500 ml distilled water), administered to 10 patients with ethylic hepatic cirrhosis in conjunction with a normal protein intake (70 g/day). Arterial blood ammonemia, venous blood aminoacidemia and the insulin/glucagon ratio did not vary during or after infusion. This method of treatment therefore seems to meet the protein requirements of these undernourished patients.

Amino Acids↗

[Value of bronchopulmonary fibro-lavage in the treatment of severe suppurative pneumopathies].

The therapeutical use of bronchial fibroscopy is very promising. Already today it is much used in postsurgery atelectasies by obstruction or in suppurative atelectasies related to important infectious foci. It considerably improves the bronchial clearing previously done by blind aspiration or bronchoscopy. The coupling of this aspiration to a perfusion-lavage in severe suppurative bacterial pneumopathies yielded interesting results.

Acute Disease↗