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Biomedical subjects

G Dutau

Publications and source records attributed to G Dutau.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Epidemiology of passive smoking of children from 0 to 6 years (author's transl)].

An epidemiologic survey was carried out in the South of France, concerning 892 children less than 6 years of age who were examined or hospitalized for various reasons. Smoking is significantly more important in parents of coughing children than in children who do not cough. The percentage of coughing children increases with the amount of smoking of their parents. A statistically significant relationship is found between the annual incidence of bronchopneumopathies and the total number of cigarettes smoked inside the house. A respiratory index expressed as the sum of 6 parameters representative of the respiratory infectious status of the children is correlated with parental smoking. This study also shows the enhancing effect of day care centers and nursery schools and of collective heating, difficult to adjust. This emphasizes the role of environmental factors and the multifactorial character of respiratory diseases in pre-school children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

In vitro effect of tobacco smoke components on the functions of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has previously been shown to be impaired in smokers in comparison with healthy nonsmokers. Potent inhibition of PMN chemotaxis has been achieved with whole tobacco smoke, the gas phase of smoke, and a water-soluble extract of whole smoke. In the present work several aspects of PMN function were studied after exposure to water-soluble fraction of the particle phase of tobacco smoke collected on glass fiber filters. These tests included capillary tube random migration, chemotaxis under agarose, phagocytosis of yeasts, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium dye reduction, and whole-blood bactericidal activity. The water extract of the particle fraction of smoke had a high content of nicotine when compared with the levels achieved in plasma of smokers and a much lower concentration of aldehydes when compared with the gas phase of smoke. It had no cytotoxic effect and did not affect phagocytosis, oxygen consumption, or bactericidal activity. Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction of both resting and stimulated PMNs was significantly decreased only with the most concentrated solution. The tested solutions exerted a dose-related depressive effect on capillary tube random migration, whereas the random migration measured in the agarose chemotaxis test was normal. Nevertheless, the chemotactic response to a caseine solution was significantly decreased. The same tests were performed in the presence of several concentrations of a nicotine solution and the only test to be affected was the capillary tube random migration, and, that only at a very high concentration. The results of this study contribute to the more precise delineation of the extent of the dysfunction of PMNs exposed to tobacco smoke components and indicate that deleterious products are released from the particle phase of the smoke, which deposits all along the respiratory tree.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Automation of T4 and TSH radioimmunoassay in the neonatal screening for hypothyroidism in south-west France (author's transl)].

In the South-West France the neonatal screening service for hypothyroidism using both T4 and TSH undertakes 50 000 assays annually. To obtain maximum reliability and speed the calculations and statistical analysis have been automated. Counting is done by gamma counter linked through magnetic tapes to programmable computer. This provides immediate print-out of hormone levels and for each group of the results the mean and standard deviation of the T4 levels and histogram of the TSH values. The counter also produces a punched paper tape so that the results can be analysed in the detail on a computer (range of values and correlation between T4 and TSH value). The results of the statistical analysis of the T4 and TSH levels are reported.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1980

[Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism by measurement of both T4 and TSH in dried blood eluates (author's transl)].

Systematic screening for neonatal hypothyroidism has been undertaken since January 1977 in Southern France by the measurement of both T4 and TSH in dried blood eluates. 76,432 measurements were performed in 3 years and 22 cases of hypothyroidism were detected. There were several advantages of this method; detection of all forms of thyroid disease, immediate diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism with T4 < -2 S.D. and TSH > 80 microU/ml, decrease in the number of false positive results, detection of some false negative values with normal T4 but high TSH values. In Southern France the frequency of thyroid abnormalities is 1/34,000 births. The causes of these abnormalities in 22 cases was as follows: Absent thyroid (10), ectopic thyroid (11) and one thyroid in the normal position. In all cases TSH levels were above 80 microU/ml but in six cases with ectopic thyroids the T4 levels were between -1 and -2 S.D. These cases would not have been detected with T4 measurements alone.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1979

Effect of tobacco smoking on the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Eight tests investigating the function of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were performed in 68 subjects, half of whom smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day. Comparison of the two groups allowed determination of the in vivo effect of tobacco smoke on the nonspecific defense system of the body. Ingestion ability, oxygen consumption, and bactericidal activity were normal in smokers. Myeloperoxidase and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activities also were unchanged. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and the serum lysozyme levels were slightly increased in smokers. The capillary tube random migration, though, was depressed, and intensive smoking further aggravated this change. It is suggested that tobacco smoke acts directly on one (or several) unidentified target site of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This impairment, demonstrated in vivo, probably plays a role in the genesis of the bronchopulmonary diseases so frequent in heavy smokers.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory signs linked to passive inhalation of tobacco smoke in infants (author's transl)].

Thirty observations done on infants formed the base of a review of the literature on the epidemiology, the clinical signs and the physiopathological mechanisms of passive smoking (PS). The main signal was a chronic cough but in infants under 12 months, PS also provoked, as well, an "asthmatoid bronchitis", progressing relentlessly since the coming out of maternity ward, in relation with the maternal tobacco addiction. In these patients, examinations failed to disclose the different causes of recurring respiratory infections. Among the granulocytic tests, only the spontaneous migration of neutrophil polykaryocytes in the absence of chemotactic stimulus was significantly lowered, by comparison with the controls. The authors did a review on epidemiological surveys done to this day; they revealed a direct relationship between the parent's addiction to tobacco and the frequency of recurring respiratory disorders. It was particularly evident when the mother smoked and the child was under 12 months. At this age it was independant from the infection eventually transmitted by the parent's cough. The constituants of tobacco smoke probably have a depressive action over the regional or perhaps the general means of immunitary defense as it is suggested by the decrease of leukocyte migration noted in parents with PS. It is therefore necessary in our country to define the true risks of PS in infants thanks to well organized epidemiological surveys and to obtain the means of an efficient preventive policy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Corticotropic testing during long-term beclomethasone dipropionate treatment in asthmatic children].

The authors looked for undesirable side-effects in prolonged treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (BDP) at the daily dose of 400 microgram in asthmatic children. Growth in height was not impaired, the height gain (5.35 +/- 4.06 cm) not being statistically different from the theoretical gain (5.46 +/- 2.94 cm) (t : 1.33 0.20 less than p less than 0.01). Testing the corticotropic chain at pituitary level by the L8VP test did not reveal any decrease in patients treated by BDP alone (delta of elevation of cortisolemia; 9.08 +/- 2.79 microgram/100 ml, not very different from the controls 9.79 +/- 4.32 microgram/100 ml). On the other hand, the results in patients with continuous or alternating conventional corticotherapy showed a corticotropic decrease (delta of elevation : 5.39 +/- 4.53 microgram/100 ml, a significant difference from the controls t : 7.54 p less than 0.001). In 5 of these observations, the repetition of L8VP testing revealed the progressive restauration of the corticotropic function together with the decrease and the stopping of conventional corticotherapy. The average cortisolemia of patients definitively off corticotherapy, before and after L8VP, was not significantly different from that of controls. The elevation delta of cortisolemia of deprived patients (9.30 +/- 4.92 microgram/100 ml) become comparable to that of normal controls (9.79 +/- 4.32 microgram/100 ml. The analysis of the main literature data, in agreement with the results presented here, showed that prolonged treatment with BDP had no harmful effect on height growth. There was no corticotropic decrease in a child unsubjected to previously conventional corticotherapy or after completely stopping the treatment.

Administration, Intranasal↗