Prognostic factors in superficial bladder cancer.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
F Debruyne
Publications and source records attributed to F Debruyne.
Antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin in testicular tumour diagnosis.
Thirteen primary and metastatic testicular germ cell tumours, including classical and anaplastic seminomas, and non-seminomatous testicular tumours were examined for their intermediate filament protein (IFP) types. The seminomas were shown to react with a monoclonal and a polyclonal antibody to bovine lens vimentin, while non-seminomatous germ cell tumours were strongly positive for a polyclonal and a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin. In one case of seminoma with elevated serum levels of beta HCG and alpha FP, cytokeratin positive tumour cells were found. In the case of teratocarcinoma, several components of the tumour could be distinguished using a combination of antisera in double-label immunofluorescence microscopy. The glandular component of this tumour was positive with the polyclonal antikeratin, but also with the monoclonal cytokeratin antibody specific for glandular epithelia (RGE 53). However, the squamous component was negative with this latter antibody. Strikingly, the spindle cell component showed focal positivity for vimentin, with coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin in some cells. Our data show that antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin can be helpful in the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumours, especially in the differentiation between seminomas and non-seminomatous tumours.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Lateral sinus thrombosis in the eighties.
In spite of the increasing use of more efficient medical therapy, different types of otogenic intracranial complications continue to occur. A detailed description of two cases of lateral sinus thrombosis illustrates that its present-day clinical course can differ from the traditional clinical picture of the disease.
Adolescent↗
[Acute mastoiditis: 16 clinical cases].
Sixteen cases of acute mastoiditis were treated between 1980 and 1984. In infants the course of the mastoiditis was brief. An external retroauricular swelling soon occurred that was generally due to edema without abscess formation, and medical treatment resulted in rapid healing. For the older children, the acute mastoiditis occurred on an acute otitis media that had already been present for some time. Abscess formation occurred in half of the cases, and a mastoidectomy was generally required. For the adult patients, there was always an underlying chronic ear pathology, either a cholesteatoma or a chronic benign middle ear infection. Surgical intervention was always required both for the treatment of the underlying pathology and for the acute associated infection.
Acute Disease↗
Hydronephrosis caused by cystocele. Treatment by colpopexy to sacral promontory.
A case of marked bilateral hydroureteronephrosis due to extreme prolapse of the bladder is reported. This latter condition led also to obstructive urinary tract symptoms and residual urine. After repair of the cystocele in an unusual way by fixation of the vaginal vault to the sacral promontory, the caliber of the upper urinary tracts became almost normal and postvoiding residual urine disappeared.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: preliminary results of a European organization for research on treatment of cancer. Randomized trial comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and transurethral resection alone.
Patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were entered in a randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacies of transurethral resection alone or followed by bladder instillation of doxorubicin hydrochloride or ethoglucid (Epodyl) for 1 year. Results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with the selected drugs prolonged the mean interval between recurrences. Mild systemic toxicity and chemical cystitis were observed in 3 and 3 per cent, respectively, of the patients given ethoglucid, and in 5 and 4 per cent, respectively, of those taking doxorubicin.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
Estimation of the slope of the audiogram with the auditory brain stem response.
A practical procedure is described for obtaining frequency specific information with the auditory brain stem response (ABR). ABR thresholds were determined with a 4 kHz sine wave and with a 1 kHz sine wave combined with high pass filtered masking noise (cut-off 2 kHz). The differences between these 2 thresholds were compared with the slopes of the tonal audiogram, in a sample of 30 ears with various kinds of perceptive hearing loss. The test is in conformity with the theoretical knowledge about the ABR, and can be performed in routine practice.
Adult↗
Phase-locking of the auditory brain stem response.
omparing the auditory brain stem responses to several condensation and rare-fraction stimuli, the effect of different stimulus phase shifts is studied. The phase-locking of waves I and III is demonstrated. For waves IV and V it is concluded that they cannot be regarded as a mere repetition of the preceding waves; they can show a distinct behavior as has been suggested earlier on other experimental grounds.
Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
Binaural interaction in early, middle and late auditory evoked responses.
Binaural interaction of early, middle and late auditory potentials (1-250 ms) was investigated by comparing peak-to-peak amplitudes after diotic stimulation with the computer sum of the right and left monaural reactions. While absent in waves I and III of the brainstem response, binaural interaction or fusion appears in wave V and in the middle latency response, and seems to be greatest in the cortical response N1P2N2.
Adult↗
Intracranial complications of otitis media.
The occurrence of otogenic intracranial infections in the eighties is illustrated with the history of five patients recently treated.
Adolescent↗
[Over- and underestimation of hearing using the click-evoked brain stem P5].
The click-evoked brainstem P5 is nowadays widely used to estimate hearing in those cases where subjective audiometry is unreliable. However it should be taken into consideration that 1st, in young children the amplitude of P5 can be very small; 2d, additional stimulation techniques are necessary to assess middle and low (?) frequency regions; and 3d, p65 can be absent for other reasons than hearing loss.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Sensorineural hearing loss in sporadic congenital hypothyroidism.
Hearing acuity was assessed in 45 children with sporadic congenital hypothyroidism during adequate long-term treatment. Otoscopy was performed in each and additional tympanometry in some of them. Secretory otitis media was found in 6 and was treated medically or by inserting grommets in the eardrum. In these children, hearing acuity was assessed after the otitis had been cured. Hearing acuity was measured either by conventional monoaural pure-tone audiometry (125-8000 Hz) or by binaural free field testing depending on the child's age (above and below 4 years respectively). Hearing was normal in 36 (80%) children. In the remaining 9, sensorineural hearing loss to some degree was detected affecting the higher frequencies in particular. Perceptive deafness required the use of a hearing aid in 4 children. No relationship could be found between hearing acuity and chronological age or bone age at diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism or type of hypothyroidism. Sensorineural hearing loss is common in children with congenital hypothyroidism and should be searched for carefully and systematically to avoid difficulties related to speech and language development.
Adolescent↗
Hearing in congenital hypothyroidism.
The hearing profile of children with congenital hypothyroidism was studied in 45 patients with thyroid gland agenesis, hypogenesis or dyshormogenesis, during adequate substitution therapy. Preliminary, secretory otitis media was found in 6 patients under the age of 6 years; in these children, hearing assessment was performed after cure of the middle ear effusion. Hearing threshold was measured either by conventional pure-tone audiometry or conditioned orientation reflex audiometry according to the patient's age (above and below 4 years). In 36 patients (80%) the auditory thresholds were normal; in the remaining 9 patients (20%) a sensorineural hearing loss of different degree was detected; in 5 cases (11%) the deafness was important and required auditory rehabilitation, with the use of a hearing aid in 4 of them. No relation could be found between hearing acuity and bone age at diagnosis of hypothyroidism or aetiology of thyroid dysfunction. It is concluded that in about one tenth of the children with congenital hypothyroidism a substantial deafness persists. The sensorineural nature of the hearing loss is in agreement with reported histological findings in congenital hypothyroid animals, where an immature development of the organ of Corti including hair cells and tectorial membrane has been observed.
Adolescent↗
Latency differences between ipsilateral and contralateral auditory brainstem responses.
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Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
Triplication and contralateral duplication of ureter.
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Aged↗
On-effect in brainstem electric response audiometry. Consequences for the use of tone-bursts.
The nature of the auditory brainstem potentials is studied, referring to the theory of the on-effect. The following stimuli are used: a click, a tone-burst of 3 kHz with a rise-decay time of 2 ms and a plateau of 1 ms, and finally different initial parts of the former tone-burst (the first 8, 4, 2, 1 cycles). Together with the electrical waveforms, the acoustic forms of the stimuli are described and the frequency spectra are measured. The auditory brainstem potential appears to be a pure onset response with a very short integration time. Only the initial part of the tone-burst (mainly the first oscillation) is responsible for eliciting the response. The consequences for the audiometric use of short tonal stimuli are discussed. Measurements of intensities or frequency spectra, technically or subjectively, of the whole tone-bursts are inappropriate, because the intensity and frequency content of the effective stimulus must be considered. The real frequency specificity then becomes much poorer and differs little from the click stimulation.
Adult↗
Frequency specificity and on-effect in brainstem electric response audiometry.
Auditory brainstem responses recorded with tone bursts (1, 2, 3, 4 kHz; 70, 50, 30 dB SL) are compared with the recordings obtained with merely the first period of these bursts. No significant differences are found. The initial cycle of a tone burst is apparently the effective stimulus for the brainstem potential. This illustrates how the brainstem electric response is an on-effect. Measurements of the frequency spectra of the first period stimuli indicate better the real frequency specificity of the tone burst method. As duration is irrelevant for evoking the auditory brainstem response, single sine stimuli seem to offer the maximum frequency specificity that can be obtained with tonal stimuli.
Audiometry↗