Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Bonnel.
After anatomic dissections and cross section studies the authors gives detailed descriptions of the insertions of the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles and of the lumbrical muscles. For each anatomic structure the different terms used in the literature are recalled. The exact typographic relations of the interossei muscles at the level of the metacarpophalangeal and the proximal interphalangeal joints are described.
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Compression was applied to the distal femoral growth plate in rabbits. Measurements of bone length and microscopic studies of the physis showed that the axial growth rate decreased proportionally with the compression force; forces greater than 30 N caused cartilage cell damage and rapid cessation of physeal growth.
The study of the biological course of a vascularized osseous graft was performed on 64 fibulae in rabbits. Using radiography, standard histology, tetracyclines markage and study of 47-calcium incorporation as means of control. The time-limits of control are fixed at the 5th, 10th, 15th and 21st day and at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th month. The results show that if they are vascularized or not, the osseous grafts are not subjected to the rule: everything or nothing: "everything is not living in a vascularized osseous graft and everything is not dying in a conventional osseous graft". As for the good quality of the recipient bed, there is no significant difference between the healing time of those two types of grafts.
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The metatarsal intercapital space is located in the forefoot, between two metatarsal heads and above the transverse inter-metatarsal ligament. The 2nd space is the narrowest, the 1st is the widest and the 3rd is the most mobile. It contains a connective tissue bursa which facilitates the sliding of the metatarsal heads. The existence of this bursa was confirmed in two cases of rheumatoid arthritis (at operation). As the bursa hypertrophies, it gradually extends beyond its normal site towards the dorsal or plantar region of the foot. The metatarsal intercapital space, like the metatarso-phalangeal joint, warrants thorough clinical investigation.
An ultrastructural and crystallographic study was done on calcium deposits obtained from a patient with the CREST syndrome. Optical microscopy showed that large calcific cutaneous deposits seemed to have developed in a dense connective tissue without any inflammatory reaction. The oldest lesions contained heterotopic bone. Electron microscopy showed that calcium deposit, in the slightly mineralized fibers, was located at the center of the elastic fibers. The calcifications were surgically removed and studies were performed on the rough products and, after heating, using x-ray crystallography, differential thermal analysis and quantitative chemical analysis. Our results showed that this cutaneous calcification is a B type carbonated apatite.
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The authors have studied the incidence of lunate necrosis in 110 perilunate dislocations. Twenty-one cases (19%) developed a necrosis. The classification into three types, according to the amount of damage to the perilunar ligaments, is of prognostic value. There is no risk of necrosis in type 1, 17% in type II, and 50% in type III. An associated fracture of the scaphoid does not modify the risk. In neglected lesions, reduction of the lunate dislocation should be attempted, even at a late date, the risk of necrosis then being 50%. Surgical reduction increases the risk of secondary necrosis to a greater extent than does orthopedic treatment, but it is generally use in the most complex cases too. The authors advocate a closed reduction with percutaneous pin fixation.
The authors have dissected 24 hands previously injected with a mixture of micropaque gelatin and minium. The arterial supply of the trapezo-metacarpal joint is provided through an anastomotic circle connecting four networks (dorsal, volar, ulnar and radial). These four networks are all supplied by branches from the radial artery. Each network has one main artery and several other additional smaller arteries. Even when the radial artery has an abnormal direction, the same type of vascular supply for the trapezo-metacarpal joint is preserved, but its sources are different.
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A study was conducted of 50 cadavers in children and 25 immature dogs to discover more precisely the vascularization of the lower end of the femur and the iliac crest. It was concluded that it is possible to transplant these epiphyses with anastomosis of three pedicles in the same line. It was also concluded that the vascularisation differs before and after the formation of the bony epiphyseal nucleus. The cartilaginous canals which preclude the vascularisation of hyaline cartilage, the formation of the bony nucleus and the nutrition of the germinal layers of the growth plate are described.
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The authors have studied the mechanical problems of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, both from the theoretical and experimental point of view. They have tested stability of several types of fixation according to the obliquity of the fracture line. Three types of strain have been applied to fractured dried bone. Fixation by three parallel screws seemed to give the most stability. The authors conclude that, with this type of fixation, early weight-bearing can be resumed by patients with fractures of Pauwels type I and II, but weight-bearing is still dangerous in type III.