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Biomedical subjects

F A Oski

Publications and source records attributed to F A Oski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of pancreatic enzyme supplements on iron absorption.

Iron deficiency has been reported in one third of patients with cystic fibrosis. There are data that suggest that iron absorption is increased with exocrine pancreatic deficiency and that administration of pancreatic enzymes may impair oral iron absorption. We compared oral iron absorption over a 3-hour period in the presence and absence of exogenous pancreatic enzymes in 13 stable young-adult patients with cystic fibrosis and 9 age-matched control patients. Although none of the patients with cystic fibrosis had a hemoglobin level less than 119 g/L, serum ferritin levels were less than 25 micrograms/L in 5 of the 13 patients, and the mean corpuscular volume was significantly lower in the patient group (86.1 +/- 2.7 vs 90.9 +/- 5 fL). Baseline mean serum iron levels were higher in controls (18.9 +/- 5.9 mumol/L) than in patients (11.9 +/- 6.3 mumol/L). There was no difference in iron absorption in the absence of exogenous pancreatic enzymes. Significant impairment of iron absorption was detected in both patients with cystic fibrosis and controls after administration of a preparation of pancreatic enzymes. There was an inverse relationship between iron stores, as measured by serum ferritin, and iron absorption. These findings suggest that long-term consumption of pancreatic enzymes by patients with cystic fibrosis may contribute to iron deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Assessing the need for transfusion of premature infants and role of hematocrit, clinical signs, and erythropoietin level.

There are no clear criteria for administration of blood to premature infants. In the past, indications for transfusion have included tachypnea, tachycardia, poor weight gain, apnea, bradycardia, pallor, lethargy, decreased activity, or poor feeding. Some have suggested that erythropoietin levels may also be useful in determining the need for transfusion. Data were studied from 11 premature infants with birth weights less than 1500 g collected throughout 469 hospital days. During that period the infants received a total of 37 blood transfusions. No overall relationship was found between hematocrit of 19% to 64% and heart rate, respiratory rate, or the occurrence of bradycardia; ie, these variables proved to be clinically unreliable as indicators of hematocrit. Furthermore, no predictable effect of transfusion could be identified on heart rate, respiratory rate, or on the incidence of apnea or bradycardia. It was anticipated that frequent episodes of apnea or bradycardia might increase serum erythropoietin concentration. To the contrary, more frequent bradycardia was associated with the low erythropoietin levels because those infants tended to receive transfusions for "symptomatic" anemia. The data are consistent with the concept that "anemia of prematurity" is not predictably associated with symptoms classically attributed to anemia. Possible reasons for this are that the premature infant has a different inherent response to anemia; that it is inappropriate to extrapolate symptoms of severe acute anemia to persons with mild or moderate chronic anemia; or, most likely, that other determinants of heart rate, respiratory rate, and apnea/bradycardia are of more importance than mild or moderate anemia.

Anemia↗
PubMed1988

Pediatric residencies: differences between 1959/1960 and 1984/1985.

Patient, contact data, collected by two first year pediatric residents, separated in time by 25 years, were compared, and it is concluded that pediatric residency has undergone major changes throughout the past quarter century. Pediatric training has increased in length and includes more female residents. The overall intensity of patient care pediatric residents provide has increased. Children with chronic disorders that were often lethal conditions 25 years ago now make up a large portion of pediatric admissions to teaching hospitals.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Consequences of starting whole cow milk at 6 months of age.

Two groups of infants, one fed whole cow milk commencing at 6 months of age (n = 69) and the other continuing to receive iron-fortified infant formula (n = 98), were closely observed over their second 6 months of life. At 12 months of age, infants fed cow milk had significantly lower mean serum ferritin levels and mean corpuscular volume, higher free erythrocyte protoporphyrin values, and greater incidence of hemoglobin values less than 11 g/dl than did formula-fed infants. There were no significant differences in frequency of otitis media, wheezing episodes, nasal discharge or congestion, diaper dermatitis, constipation, guaiac-positive stools, or hospital admissions between the two groups. These data suggest that, to avoid iron deficiency, infants should continue to receive iron-fortified formula throughout the first year of life or a daily iron supplement if they are fed whole cow milk before their first birthday.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Controversies in the management of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a survey of specialists.

A total of 322 physicians, Board-certified in pediatric hematology, responded to a survey designed to determine several aspects of their management of children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The survey demonstrates that, in practice among specialists, a controversy exists as to whether or not bone marrow examination needs to be performed, and how often corticosteroids should be prescribed. Seventy-four percent of practitioners would perform the bone marrow examination, whereas 26% would not do so. Forty-six percent of responders prescribe steroids more than half the time, whereas 54% prescribe steroids less than half the time. The questionnaire ascertained the reasons why physicians performed marrow aspirations and prescribed steroids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Iron deficiency--facts and fallacies.

Iron deficiency occurs in all strata of society, is primarily a result of postnatal feeding practices and not due to congenital deficiencies of iron, can be prevented by appropriate dietary guidance, and, when present, produces important nonhematologic manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Is bovine milk a health hazard?

Whole bovine milk should not be fed to infants during the first year of life because of its association with occult gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, and cow's milk allergy. The consumption of whole milk after the first year of life should be discouraged because of its potential role in a variety of disorders including atherosclerosis, recurrent abdominal pain of childhood, cataracts, milk-borne infections, and juvenile delinquency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1984

A survey of pediatric resident training programs 5 years after the Task Force report.

Twenty-nine pediatric residency training programs responded to a survey with detailed descriptions of the scheduled rotations before and after the Report of the Task Force on Pediatric Education. This survey documented some changes in the overall structure of residency programming in that all programs demand 3 years of general pediatric training. Little if any changes were noted in the traditional emphasis on inpatient and neonatal training. Some changes in content area have been noted, namely a modest increase in the experiences in adolescent medicine. The survey failed to demonstrate any trend indicating increased emphasis on training experiences in the "new morbidity."

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

Effect of iron therapy on behavior performance in nonanemic, iron-deficient infants.

In an effort to determine whether iron deficiency, in the absence of anemia (hemoglobin greater than 11.0 g/dL), might produce alterations in behavioral development, four groups of nonanemic infants, 9 to 12 months of age, with varying degrees of iron deficiency were studied. Infants were classified as iron sufficient, iron depleted, or iron deficient based on measurements of serum ferritin concentration, erythrocyte protoporphyrin values, and the mean cell volume of erythrocytes. Subjects in each group were tested with the Bayley Mental Development Index, treated with parenteral iron, and retested seven days later. The administration of iron produced a significant increase in the Mental Development Index scores (+21.6 points) in the infants with iron deficiency but no significant change in the scores of infants with iron sufficiency (+6.2 points) or only iron depletion (+5.6 points). It is concluded that iron deficiency, even in the absence of anemia, results in biochemical alterations that impair behavior in infants.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1983

Iron status and infant feeding practices in an urban ambulatory center.

The relationship of infant feeding practices to iron status was examined in a group of 280 infants, 9 to 12 months of age, attending a "well-baby" clinic. Of this group, 7.6% were found to be iron depleted, 19.7% were iron deficient without anemia, and 8.2% were iron deficient with anemia. The incidence of iron-deficiency anemia was significantly greater in the black infants than the white infants (14.3% v 2.7%). The introduction of whole cow's milk into the diet had occurred prior to 6 months of age in 29.2% of the infants, and 62.1% of these infants had laboratory evidence of nutritional iron inadequacy, as contrasted with only 21.8% of those with iron deficiencies fed cow's milk after 6 months of age. Of the 21 infants with iron-deficiency anemia, 19 (90.5%) had been fed whole cow's milk prior to 6 months of age. Iron deficiency remains a nutritional problem for infants in an urban setting and is largely a result of the early introduction of whole cow's milk into the diet.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

Differences in polymorphonuclear cell counts between healthy white and black infants: response to meningitis.

Both black adults and black children have significantly lower total WBC counts and absolute polymorphonuclear WBC counts than do white adults and white children. In an effort to determine whether similar differences existed in infancy, 50 health black infants and 50 white infants were examined. The black infants, 9 to 12 months of age, were found to have significantly lower total WBC counts, absolute neutrophil counts, and absolute lymphocyte counts. In ten of the 50 black infants, the absolute neutrophil counts were less than 1,000/microL; none of the white infants had absolute neutrophil counts of less than 1,000/microL. Even in the presence of a serious infection, meningitis, significantly fewer black infants had absolute neutrophil counts greater than 10,000/microL than did their white counterparts.

Black People↗