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Biomedical subjects

F A Oski

Publications and source records attributed to F A Oski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Henna: a potential cause of oxidative hemolysis and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro oxidation potential of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone). Lawsone is a chemical present in henna, the crushed leaves of which are used worldwide as a cosmetic agent to stain the hair, skin, and nails. METHODOLOGY: Venous blood from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-normal and G6PD A- subjects were incubated with various amounts of lawsone for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Reduced glutathione and methemoglobin (MHb) levels were measured before and after incubation. RESULTS: Final molar concentrations of lawsone in normal blood of 1.4, 2.8, 5.7, and 8.6 x 10-3 mol/L increased MHb percentages from 0.5% to 2.2%, 8.3%, 9.5% and 12.5%, respectively. In a C6PD A- blood, MHb percentages were 19.8%, 32.2%, 44.9%, and 53.9%. At a lawsone concentration of 2.8 x 10-3 mol/L, blood from 15 healthy adults formed MHb percentages of 7.4% +/- 3.3% (+/- 1 SD); in blood from 4 G6PD A- adults, percentages were 44.5%, 40.6%, 41.3%, and 42.8%. Simultaneous measurements of reduced glutathione revealed preincubation values of greater than 40 mg/100 mL of red cells in blood of healthy and G6PD A- subjects. Postincubation values were greater than 40 in blood of healthy subjects and less than 40 in blood of G6PD A- subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These in vitro observations indicate that lawsone is an agent capable of causing oxidative hemolysis. In regions of the world where there is a high incidence of G6PD deficiency and unexplained hyperbilirubinemia, oxidative hemolysis secondary to the cutaneous application of henna could be the initiating event.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Office pediatrics. Physical growth and general nutrition.

Obesity is now one of the most prevalent diseases in the US population. Many observations suggest that two and possibly three critical periods exist for the development of obesity and its complications. An expert committee has developed guidelines for obesity in adolescence and recommendations for preventive services, whereas others have examined adolescent obesity and its cardiovascular risks and have suggested a rational approach to management and the effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Infant nutrition, physical growth, breastfeeding, and general nutrition.

Breastfeeding and its consequences continue to attract the attention of investigators. Breastfeeding has again been shown to reduce the development of otitis media during the 1st year of life. Although the development of hyperbilirubinemia is increased with breastfeeding it has been shown to be easily controllable without the discontinuation of breastfeeding. Although it is apparent that infants that are breastfed for periods of more than 6 months weigh less than formula-fed counterparts it remains to be established which growth pattern is optimal.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Infant nutrition, physical growth, breastfeeding, and general nutrition.

It is becoming increasingly apparent that infants who receive human milk develop differently from infants who receive infant formulas. Infants who receive human milk appear to have higher scores on tests of intelligence even after controlling for confounding variables. These differences have been demonstrated to persist in children for as long as 15 years of age. Infants who are fed human milk also grow at a different rate after 4 months of age. New growth charts should be employed that are specific for the breastfed infants so that these infants will not be characterized as "failing to thrive." Breastfed infants appear to be capable of adapting to the nutrient composition of their mother's milk by altering their own intake and although many mothers discontinue nursing because they perceive they have developed breast milk insufficiency, careful studies document that they are still producing adequate quantities of milk and that their infants are growing satisfactorily.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1992

Kernicterus in preterm newborns: past, present, and future.

This historical overview of kernicterus in prematurity, from the 1950s to the present, provides a unique perspective on this clinical conundrum. Three separate periods of pediatric history are detailed in relationship to our understanding of kernicterus in the preterm newborn: (1) the pre-intensive care era (1950 to 1965); (2) the low bilirubin kernicterus era (1965 to 1982); and (3) the 1980s. Each period demonstrates selected insights regarding kernicterus in prematurity, and together with recent reports suggest that premature newborns are now at extremely low risk of developing kernicterus when managed using current standards of care. However, the current conservative empiric guidelines for preventing kernicterus are questioned, and it is suggested that additional study is needed to clarify this issue in the 1990s.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1991

Pediatrics.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Attitudes and factors affecting the decisions of men and women pediatrics residents toward having children during their residencies.

This study examines attitudes and factors affecting the decisions of pediatrics residents of both sexes toward having children during their residencies. In 1987, the authors surveyed by mail all 742 pediatricians who had trained at eight university-based residencies from 1981 to 1987; 417 responded. Of these, the men were significantly more likely than the women to have had children during their residencies (p less than .001). At the time of their residencies, 265 of these pediatricians were married. Of those who were married but did not have children during their residencies (175), the women were significantly more likely than the men to believe that having a child during residency would have had a negative influence on their careers (p less than .001) and would have been associated with difficulties in arranging child care (p less than .001). By contrast, among those pediatricians who were married and did have children during their residencies (90), their perceptions concerning the impacts on their careers of having children and the difficulty in arranging child care did not differ significantly by gender. The authors suggest that programs might explore the possibilities of greater flexibility in scheduling and of making child care more available so that residents could more easily combine their careers with having children.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗