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Biomedical subjects

E Yaniv

Publications and source records attributed to E Yaniv.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The anatomical relationships of eustachian tubes with and without infection.

In a study of 24 human temporal bones, 20 did not show any evidence of infection, whereas 4 showed signs of chronic otitis media (i.e. central perforations of the ear drum) and 1 had a cholesteatoma as well. The eustachian tubes were removed in toto, and fixed in paraffin blocks. Serial sections were cut and the histological and anatomical features studied. No significant (anatomical) differences were found between the tubes with and without infection. In addition, the isthmic lumen of each tube was compared with the mastoid pneumatisation of its temporal bone in an attempt to evaluate the functional status of eustachian tubes with and without infection. The isthmic lumen was chosen for comparison since it is that part of the eustachian tube which offers the highest resistance to air flow. No correlation was found to exist between the isthmic lumen and mastoid pneumatisation parameters of the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Combined perilymphatic fistulas of the round window and lateral semicircular canal. A report of 2 cases.

Two patients with combined perilymphatic fistulas of both the round window and the lateral semicircular canal are presented. They became asymptomatic only when both fistulas were closed. In both cases the hearing improved concurrently. It is recommended that when a traumatic perilymphatic fistula is not cured by closing window fistulas, the lateral semicircular canal be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculous otitis media: a clinical record.

The clinical picture of tuberculous otitis media has changed since previously documented. In our series of 31 patients, it was found that severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations, and denuded malleus handle are constant findings and, in our opinion, are significant clinical features of the pathology. The disease can also manifest itself as an acute mastoiditis. As regards to investigations, bacteriology is considered as being unreliable. This is attributed to secondary organisms interfering with the growth of the tubercle bacillus, as well as the fastidious nature of the bacillus itself. We regard histology as the most reliable means of attaining a definitive diagnosis. Treatment was with a four drug antituberculous regime administered over 6 months. Streptomycin was excluded in all but one case due to its ototoxicity. We believe TB otitis media to be secondary to an established chronic otitis media in the majority of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculous otitis media as a secondary infection to chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.

A series of six cases of tuberculous otitis media is reviewed. All patients had a history of chronic otorrhea and were operated on with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Postoperatively the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by histologic examination of the granulation tissue from the middle ear and mastoid. We believe that any patient with a long history of discharging ears needs histologic examination, as tuberculous otitis might be the cause of infection. We report our findings in these patients and discuss the possibility of penetration of tuberculous mycobacteria into the ear and mastoid. In our opinion, the tuberculosis is secondary to established ear infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Middle ear tuberculosis--a series of 24 patients.

A study of 24 cases (25 ears) of tuberculous otitis media is revealed. Characteristic findings of the disease e.g. painless ottorhea and multiple perforations of the tympanic membrane, are not considered consistent with our findings of the clinical features of the pathology. Severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations and an eroded maleus handle consistently occurs in the pathology and in our opinion are more significant clinical features of the disease. As mixed infections are often present, histological examination of the granulation tissue from the middle ear and mastoid is the best diagnostic procedure. Treatment with anti-tuberculous therapy combined with surgery is shown to give good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Perilymphatic fistulas: are they exclusive to the round and oval windows?

Eleven patients suspected of having perilymphatic fistulas were evaluated. A perilymphatic fistula was demonstrable in ten of these patients. In six patients, fistulas of one of the windows, or both were found. In two patients, combined fistulas of both the round window and lateral semicircular canal were found. In two other patients, fistulas were found only in the lateral semicircular canal. The patients in whom fistulas were found and repaired improved dramatically. The patient without a demonstrable fistula remained symptomatic. We have shown that perilymphatic fistulas can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and suggest exploring this area when indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The eustachian tube lumen in chronic otitis media.

The measurements of the size of the eustachian tube lumen, in its various regions, in adults are presented. The material consisted of serially sectioned eustachian tubes of 26 normal temporal bones and four pathologic temporal bones, three of them with simple chronic otitis media and one with cholesteatoma. These measurements reveal: (1) in adults (as in children) that there is a considerable variance of the eustachian tube lumen sizes corresponding to other variations in sizes of other organs; (2) no obstruction of the eustachian tube lumen was encountered in any of the pathologic specimens; and (3) there was no significant statistical difference between the lumen size of the eustachian tube retrieved from normal temporal bones compared with those from temporal bones with chronic otitis media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Parotid tumour as a presenting symptom of tuberculosis. A report of 2 cases.

Two young women with a mass in the parotid gland are described. In both the diagnosis of tuberculosis was only made on postoperative histological examination of the excised specimens. Since tuberculosis of the parotid gland can exist in isolation, this diagnosis should be considered in areas where tuberculosis is common.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Missing stapes and stapes-replacing prosthesis.

Our study of 205 ears with missing stapes, secondary to some type of chronic ear disease, showed that only 40% of such ears are suitable for ossiculoplasty. The remaining 60% are unsuitable because of a fixed footplate, severe atelectasis, hearing better than 25 dB (these patients do not need the operation), or poor discrimination. A new stapes replacement prosthesis (SRP), which we term Tabor, is described for use where indicated. The prosthesis has two parts: The lower part (or base) is made of a broad inorganic, biocompatible material (Teflon). This part fits and covers most of the footplate, ensuring maximal stability. The upper part of the prosthesis is made of autograft or homograft bone--usually a malleus head--the contact of which with the drum prevents extrusion. In twelve out of fourteen ears insertion of this prosthesis was successful; the average postoperative air conduction went from 56 dB to 29 dB, leaving an average air-bone gap of 16 dB. The bone conduction also improved, from an average of 20 dB to 13 dB.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMed1983

Stapes-replacing prosthesis (S.R.P.).

Any chronic inflammatory condition of the middle ear may bring about bone destruction. Today, in the antibiotic era, this destruction concerns mostly the ossicular chain. Any one of the ossicles or all of them together may be partially damaged or completely destroyed (Sadé et al, 1981). Hearing is usually impaired if the stapes or the incus or both of them are damaged. To overcome the resulting hearing deficit, various surgical techniques, using various materials, have been introduced, with various degrees of success. The most problematic situation encountered surgically is the one in which the stapes is missing, and it is with this situation that the present study deals. The surgical solution so far advocated has been in the form of a surgical bridge or columella between the mobile footplate and the drum. The columella (Fig. 1) is made out of bone or some non-organic biocompatible material. Often, however, this solution is not very successful, for two reasons: A. Instability of the columella (prosthesis) is often unavoidable because of its slim attachment to the footplate; B. Biologically, an incompatibility between the drum and the prosthesis is all too often present, when the latter is made of plastic materials. These columellas have been found, sooner of later, to extrude. It is the purpose of this communication to report a new technique and a new concept, which tries to overcome the above shortcomings, using a different type of stapes-replacing prosthesis.

Hearing Loss↗
PubMed1982

The missing stapes and the Tabor prosthesis.

This is a description of a new stapes replacement prosthesis (SRP), which we term "Tabor". The prosthesis has two parts--the lower part is made of a broad inorganic, biocompatible material (Teflon) base, which fits and covers most of the footplate, ensuring maximal stability. The upper part of the prosthesis is made of autograft or homograft bone--usually a malleus head, the contact of which with the drum prevents extrusion. Eleven out of 12 ears operated with this prosthesis were successful--the average postoperative air conduction going up 33 dB (15-50), leaving an average of 18 dB (5-30) air-bone gap. The bone conduction also improved, from an average of 21 dB (10-30) to an average of 14 dB (10-25).

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1981

Unrecognized infantile Meniere's disease.

We have described two patients who, from early infancy, suffered attacks of vomiting associated with fluctuating hearing loss, which ended in bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss. The patients were treated by pediatricians as suffering from gastroenteritis or meningitis. Meniere's disease was not suspected. We want to point out that Meniere's disease, though it usually begins in middle age, may well start in childhood, as well as in infancy, and should be suspected whenever vomiting without diarrhea is associated with some hearing loss at any age--no matter how young the patient is. It is also quite possible that some sensorineural hearing losses in late childhood or adulthood are in effect the result of early burnt-out Meniere disease, as in our second case.

Deafness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal histamine challenge: a method to predict the efficiency of antihistamine treatment.

Nasal histamine challenge (NHC) was performed on patients suffering from chronic rhinitis. The histamine was administered to the nose in the form of a spray. One hundred sixty-eight patients and 20 healthy subjects were examined. The histamine was sprayed into the nose in seven metered doses, from 0.03 mg to 3 mg. The nose was examined before and 4 minutes after each challenge. A positive reaction to challenge was indicated when the conchae swelled to the point that they impinged against the septum. We found that some patients reacted to a low dose of histamine (0.03 mg to 0.15 mg) while our control group and some other patients reacted positively only to higher doses of histamine (3 mg or more). After the first tests, NHC patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with placebo and the other group with antihistamines. Three weeks later another NHC was performed (now under treatment) and revealed that patients reacting to low doses of histamine improved significantly with antihistamine treatment, while those reacting to a high dose did not respond to antihistamines. We found the NHC to be a simple test with no complications, and one that is easily tolerated by patients, including children. Nasal histamine challenge helps to identify which patients will improve with antihistamine treatment and aids the evaluation of its efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous otitis: an underdiagnosed disease.

A series of 31 cases (33 ears) of tuberculous otitis was reviewed. Classical findings of the disease, such as painless ottorhea and multiple perforations of the tympanic membrane, are not consistent with the clinical findings reported here. Severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations, and an eroded malleus handle occur consistently and appear to be important clinical features of the disease. In all cases suspected of tuberculosis, granulation tissue from the middle ear or mastoid was submitted for bacteriologic and histologic examination. As a result, tuberculous otitis was diagnosed in its early stages. In 10 patients (32%), pulmonary tuberculosis was found following confirmation of the tuberculous otitis media. Following 6 months of treatment with oral antituberculous therapy in conjunction with surgery, no evidence of active tuberculosis was present in any of the patients studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Objective and subjective nasal airflow.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess whether a correlation exists between the rhinomanometric measurement of nasal resistance, nasal airflow, and the subjective sensation of airflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with recurrent maxillary sinusitis were examined before and after uncinectomy during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Subjective nasal sensation of airflow was assessed by means of a visual scale before and after uncinectomy. Rhinomanometry was performed three times for every patient: before anesthesia, and before and after uncinectomy. The subjective nasal sensation of airflow was compared with the nasal airflow and resistance to flow as measured by rhinomanometry. RESULTS: Rhinomanometric measurements were almost the same before and after uncinectomy, with no significant difference, whereas patients reported a significant improvement in nasal airflow. CONCLUSION: Rhinomanometric measurements of nasal airflow and resistance often have no correlation to the patients's sensation of airflow. However, because it is the patients' ultimate concern to breathe more comfortably, the rhinomanometer has little clinical value.

Airway Resistance↗