Biomedical subjects

E Yaniv

Publications and source records attributed to E Yaniv.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

A new rapid technique for the fixation of thyroid gland surgical specimens.

One of the main diagnostic problems in thyroid pathology is to distinguish between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. Thorough sampling of the nodule's capsule is recommended in order to identify capsular invasion. However, during the hardening of the tissue, by the usual fixatives the capsule shrinks and rolls downwards and sometimes the capsule separates from the remaining tissue. The present work evaluates the use of "Lymph Node Revealing Solution" (LNRS) for the rapid fixation (2h) of different thyroid lesions as compared to that of formalin. Fifty-one unselected consecutive cases of thyroid nodules, which included various benign and malignant lesions, were examined. Each specimen was cut in two equal parts; one was fixed in LNRS, the other in formalin. Fixation in LNRS for 2 hours gave adequate results in sectioning and staining of the tissue, and excellent immunostains. Its advantage over formalin is the conservation of the natural relationship between the capsule and the rest of the tissue, on the same plane, as well as the short time required for the final diagnosis.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMed1997

Supraglottic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 114 patients.

We retrospectively evaluated the management of supraglottic carcinoma at our centre during the last 35 years to determine the preferred mode of treatment. A review of the medical records yielded 114 patients with supraglottic T1 and T2 carcinoma who were diagnosed and treated in the Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Oncology between 1959 and 1993. Of these, 47 (41.2%) had T1 carcinoma (stage I) and 67 (58.8%) T2 (stage II). Treatment varied among radiotherapy, surgery, or combined radiotherapy and surgery. Twelve patients underwent elective neck dissection, one of whom (8.3%) was found to have occult metastases. Local failures were noted in 22 patients (11 T1: 11 T2), three of whom also had neck metastases. All except one T2 patient received radiotherapy. Radiotherapy yielded the best survival rates for T1 disease as combined therapy did for T2. Five-year recurrence rates for T1 patients were 35% for those treated by radiotherapy and 42% for those treated with combined therapy; corresponding figures for T2 patients were 39% and 28%. We suggest that patients with T1 supraglottic carcinoma be managed with radiotherapy and patients with T2 with combined therapy. We believe there is no need for elective neck dissection, especially in T1.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Transseptal transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary tumors is a well-established surgical technique. The sublabial approach and the open rhinoplasty approach are most commonly used. In both cases, the surgical avenue is along the entire length of the nasal septum, removing both nasal cartilage and the vomer. Septal perforations and upper dental anesthesia are frequent complications of the standard approaches. We describe our initial experience in using the nasal endoscope for the first stage of the operation. METHODS: A nasal endoscope was used to open the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. Our initial incision was in the posterior third of the septum, removing only the vomer. After the sphenoid sinus was opened, we inserted a speculum and proceeded with the operation with an operating microscope. After the speculum was in place, it was easier to proceed with the microscope, which allows binocular vision and bimanual operation. RESULTS: The procedure was used for our most recent 14 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas. No complications related to the approach were encountered for any of the patients in follow-up monitoring. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic transseptal approach to the sphenoid sinus for pituitary surgery was found to be easy, time-saving, and without septal or sublabial complications.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1996

Isolated sphenoid sinus changes--history, CT and endoscopic finding.

This study reviews the records of 21 patients with isolated sphenoid sinus disease who were treated by rigid endoscopic sphenoidotomy at the Nose and Sinus Unit, Department of Otolaryngology of Beilinson Medical Center, Israel. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, rigid nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan. The most frequent symptom was headache; no instances of 'pathognomonic' headache were found. Sphenoidotomy was performed through the area of the natural ostium. The pathological finding was infection in 11 patients, cyst in four patients, polyps in three patients, mucocoele in two, and inverted papilloma in one patient. Surgical results were very good. Endoscopic sphenoidotomy proved to be safe, with minimal blood loss, reduced operating time, decreased morbidity, and short post-operative hospitalization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a study of 56 cases and review of the literature.

Over a period of 32 years, 56 patients with inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were diagnosed and treated at Beilinson Medical Center, Israel. Four patients (7%) had an associated malignancy. Several surgical approaches were used: limited intranasal excision in 5 patients with an 80% failure rate, a Caldwell-Luc approach in 21 patients with a 48% recurrence rate, and lateral rhinotomy with medial maxillectomy in 18 patients with only a 22% failure rate; a selected group of 9 patients underwent an endoscopic procedure, with a 22% recurrence rate. Our results and a review of 19 published reports suggest that medial maxillectomy via lateral rhinotomy remains the treatment of choice for most cases of inverted papilloma. The role of endoscopic excision in selected patients is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Endoscopic treatment of maxillary sinus cysts].

Maxillary sinus cysts are common lesions usually found in routine x-rays of the teeth and sinuses. Although most patients are asymptomatic, there may be headache or periorbital or facial pain. Traditionally, these cysts have been treated by puncture and aspiration, or excision via intranasal antrostomy or Caldwell-Luc operation 23 patients with maxillary sinus cysts who presented with facial pain were treated by endoscopic surgery. During followup of 1 year the cyst recurred in only 1 of the patients (after 2 months). We recommend endoscopic removal of maxillary sinus cysts as the treatment of choice.

Cysts↗

PubMed1994

T1 glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure.

This study reviews the records of 56 patients with early glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure (T1N0M0) who were treated between 1958 and 1988 at Beilinson Medical Center. Five- and 10-year survival rates were 82% and 60%, respectively. Most failures were local (15 patients). In addition, three patients who were treatment failures had neck lesions (regional failure) and one had lung lesions (distant metastases). All 56 patients received irradiation as the only mode of initial treatment. The effectiveness of irradiation for anterior commissure lesions is therefore evaluated. The study supports previous reports suggesting that glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure is associated with a high rate of treatment failure.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Chronic rhinitis in children.

One hundred and fifty-one children aged 2-6 years old suffering from chronic rhinitis were followed and treated for periods of 3-6 months. Seventy-five children were treated with antihistamines (AH) and 76 with antibiotics (AB). Significant statistic difference was found between pre-school children and school children. The differences were both with the nature of the symptoms, and reaction to treatment. While 49% of the school children recovered with AH treatment, only 14% of the pre-school children did. On the other hand, 58% of the pre-school children recovered with AB treatment while only 35% of the older children did. From our results it is clear that in many children bacterial infection is the cause for chronic rhinitis. In pre-school children it is the main cause, while in older children it is the cause in about a third of the cases. It is also important to remember that although allergy might be the basic reason for rhinitis, in certain age groups a secondary bacterial infection might interfere with the efficiency of antiallergic treatment.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

[Experimental cochlear damage by neomycin ear drops].

Damage caused by neomycin sulphate solution, identical in concentration to that in ear drops, was tested on the cochleas of 28 guinea pigs. Neomycin sulphate with dexamethasone sodium, and physiologic salt solutions were also tested. Only neomycin solutions damaged the cochlea, and even after only a single exposure. The damage after a single exposure was to the supporting cells and not to the hair cells. However, because of the importance of the supporting cells for normal hearing and because destruction of supporting cells leads to shedding of hair cells, the resulting functional impairment is similar. As a result of further exposure to neomycin the hair cells themselves are damaged, and there is also loss of cell hair. Damage to either the cells or to the hair causes hearing loss. From our work it is clear that in guinea pigs neomycin is absorbed from the middle ear into the inner ear and damages the cochlea. Increased exposure to neomycin increases the damage.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Traumatic perilymphatic fistulae of the lateral semicircular canal.

Fifteen patients with perilymphatic fistulae were evaluated. Of these patients, three had CSF leaks in addition to the perilymphatic fistulae. Eight patients had fistulae of one or both windows; two had fistulae confined to the lateral semicircular canal; and two had combined fistulae of both round window and lateral semicircular canals. All improved dramatically following surgical repair. In the following study, we have shown that perilymphatic fistulae can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and we suggest exploration of this area when indicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Complications of ear disease.

Forty-seven patients with acute mastoiditis were treated in our hospital over a 2 and a half year period. Seven patients were symptomatic for a short period only. The other 40 gave a history of chronic ear disease, 22 of them with cholesteatoma. Post auricular swelling is an important sign of acute mastoiditis but was found in only 64% of the patients. Forty-five percent of our patients were found to have infection spread beyond the mastoid. Meningitis was the most common complication (13 patients). Most of the patients who presented without post auricular swelling were diagnosed as a result of having one or more complications. We believe that in cases of intracranial pathology or septic fever associated with ear disease, the diagnosis of mastoiditis is most likely. Early operation combined with appropriate antibiotic treatment can prevent further complications and fatal outcome.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

The anatomical relationships of eustachian tubes with and without infection.

In a study of 24 human temporal bones, 20 did not show any evidence of infection, whereas 4 showed signs of chronic otitis media (i.e. central perforations of the ear drum) and 1 had a cholesteatoma as well. The eustachian tubes were removed in toto, and fixed in paraffin blocks. Serial sections were cut and the histological and anatomical features studied. No significant (anatomical) differences were found between the tubes with and without infection. In addition, the isthmic lumen of each tube was compared with the mastoid pneumatisation of its temporal bone in an attempt to evaluate the functional status of eustachian tubes with and without infection. The isthmic lumen was chosen for comparison since it is that part of the eustachian tube which offers the highest resistance to air flow. No correlation was found to exist between the isthmic lumen and mastoid pneumatisation parameters of the groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Combined perilymphatic fistulas of the round window and lateral semicircular canal. A report of 2 cases.

Two patients with combined perilymphatic fistulas of both the round window and the lateral semicircular canal are presented. They became asymptomatic only when both fistulas were closed. In both cases the hearing improved concurrently. It is recommended that when a traumatic perilymphatic fistula is not cured by closing window fistulas, the lateral semicircular canal be explored.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Tuberculous otitis media: a clinical record.

The clinical picture of tuberculous otitis media has changed since previously documented. In our series of 31 patients, it was found that severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations, and denuded malleus handle are constant findings and, in our opinion, are significant clinical features of the pathology. The disease can also manifest itself as an acute mastoiditis. As regards to investigations, bacteriology is considered as being unreliable. This is attributed to secondary organisms interfering with the growth of the tubercle bacillus, as well as the fastidious nature of the bacillus itself. We regard histology as the most reliable means of attaining a definitive diagnosis. Treatment was with a four drug antituberculous regime administered over 6 months. Streptomycin was excluded in all but one case due to its ototoxicity. We believe TB otitis media to be secondary to an established chronic otitis media in the majority of cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Tuberculous otitis media as a secondary infection to chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.

A series of six cases of tuberculous otitis media is reviewed. All patients had a history of chronic otorrhea and were operated on with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Postoperatively the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by histologic examination of the granulation tissue from the middle ear and mastoid. We believe that any patient with a long history of discharging ears needs histologic examination, as tuberculous otitis might be the cause of infection. We report our findings in these patients and discuss the possibility of penetration of tuberculous mycobacteria into the ear and mastoid. In our opinion, the tuberculosis is secondary to established ear infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Middle ear tuberculosis--a series of 24 patients.

A study of 24 cases (25 ears) of tuberculous otitis media is revealed. Characteristic findings of the disease e.g. painless ottorhea and multiple perforations of the tympanic membrane, are not considered consistent with our findings of the clinical features of the pathology. Severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations and an eroded maleus handle consistently occurs in the pathology and in our opinion are more significant clinical features of the disease. As mixed infections are often present, histological examination of the granulation tissue from the middle ear and mastoid is the best diagnostic procedure. Treatment with anti-tuberculous therapy combined with surgery is shown to give good results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Perilymphatic fistulas: are they exclusive to the round and oval windows?

Eleven patients suspected of having perilymphatic fistulas were evaluated. A perilymphatic fistula was demonstrable in ten of these patients. In six patients, fistulas of one of the windows, or both were found. In two patients, combined fistulas of both the round window and lateral semicircular canal were found. In two other patients, fistulas were found only in the lateral semicircular canal. The patients in whom fistulas were found and repaired improved dramatically. The patient without a demonstrable fistula remained symptomatic. We have shown that perilymphatic fistulas can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and suggest exploring this area when indicated.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The eustachian tube lumen in chronic otitis media.

The measurements of the size of the eustachian tube lumen, in its various regions, in adults are presented. The material consisted of serially sectioned eustachian tubes of 26 normal temporal bones and four pathologic temporal bones, three of them with simple chronic otitis media and one with cholesteatoma. These measurements reveal: (1) in adults (as in children) that there is a considerable variance of the eustachian tube lumen sizes corresponding to other variations in sizes of other organs; (2) no obstruction of the eustachian tube lumen was encountered in any of the pathologic specimens; and (3) there was no significant statistical difference between the lumen size of the eustachian tube retrieved from normal temporal bones compared with those from temporal bones with chronic otitis media.

Adolescent↗