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Biomedical subjects

E V Staab

Publications and source records attributed to E V Staab.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Image archival technologies.

A typical radiology department can create many gigabytes of image data per day and as much as 1 terabyte of data per year. Archiving and accessing this much data are substantial problems. One solution is data compression, which decreases data storage requirements and increases the rate of data transfer; however, standards are not yet available. Other solutions involve improvements in archival media. Jukebox subsystems allow automated access to multiple units. Digital magnetic tape, the standard medium, can store large amounts of information and enables easy updates or replacements; more practical technologies have been introduced in recent years. Digital videotape allows storage of digital video data and features a high rate of data transfer. Optical disks, now the preferred permanent archival medium, have a large storage capacity and provide excellent long-term stability. Optical tape is also being investigated as a solution to the archiving dilemma. Which technology to choose depends on many factors, including needs of the institution and the cost, stability, transfer time, and storage capacity of the system.

Computer Storage Devices↗
PubMed1992

Understanding and using teleradiology.

In 1972, Webber and his coauthors closed their landmark paper with some visionary remarks that have proved to be remarkably perceptive. They hypothesized that special telephone circuits or radiofrequency channels could be used to yield "images whose grey scale and resolution are satisfactory enough to be virtually indistinguishable from the original." Speaking of transmitting still-frame images in a reasonable length of time and at a reasonable cost, they were limited by the current state of technology, but not by failing to use available technology creatively. We now have the tools they lacked; we must analyze alternatives and apply them. First, define the clinical problem. Determine the minimum acceptable function level of the proposed teleradiology system. Then use your best judgement to sort our convenience, reliability, cost, and various other considerations in light of the needs of your practice. As you develop the scenario, frequently refocus on the problem to be solved. Very likely you will find, as you look closer at current options, that by using teleradiology you could increase the quality of service to your patients by extending your presence electronically to areas where constant physical presence is simply not possible, affordable, or convenient.

Medical Informatics Applications↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of knee injuries.

To better define the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of knee injuries, we analyzed 10 recently published articles comparing MRI and arthroscopy in the detection of meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears. Sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for medial meniscus (MM) tears, lateral meniscus (LM) tears, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears were either obtained or calculated from data contained in each article. The medians of measurements for MM tears were 97% SN, 89% SP, 88% PPV, and 96% NPV. Measurement medians for LM tears were 85% SN, 94% SP, 86% PPV, and 95% NPV. ACL tear measurement medians were 100% SN, 96% SP, 80% PPV, and 98% NPV. High NPVs were found in several studies, many of which were 100%. The high NPV of MR imaging suggests that diagnostic arthroscopic surgery is not necessary in the evaluation of patients with negative MRI studies. The superior sensitivity of MRI in detecting frank posterior horn tears, intrasubstance meniscal tears, and significant incidental findings also suggests that screening MRI scans can facilitate preoperative planning.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1990

Electronic imaging in a teaching hospital intensive care unit: evaluation of the clinical review system.

An intrahospital image-communication and display system was installed and is in continuous use. All images obtained in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) are digitized in the radiology department, then transmitted, stored and retrieved at the nurses' station in the MICU. This unit was easy to install, required minimal user training, and has been in continuous use for 1 year with negligible down time. The details of this system are provided in this report.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

Preautopsy magnetic resonance imaging: initial experience.

To our knowledge, there are no prospective data in the literature investigating the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting abnormalities in cadavers to determine the feasibility of this concept. We prospectively studied six cadavers (three stillborn infants, one infant, and two adults) with a 0.15 T resistive magnet. The images obtained allowed detection of abnormalities in multiple organs. Although autopsy was superior to MRI in detecting very small abnormalities, MRI was equal to autopsy in detecting gross cranial, pulmonary, abdominal, and vascular pathology in this small series. In addition, MRI was superior to autopsy in detecting air and fluid in potential body spaces. Preautopsy MRI may be an alternate method in restricted or denied autopsies and may provide an additional MRI research and educational tool.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Research resources in academic radiology.

Research resources in academic radiology were investigated by analyzing the responses to a survey from 72 North American institutions. The questionnaire addressed five general areas: department size, departmental resources committed to research, availability of research training, research quality control, and research productivity. The highest correlates of grant productivity included measures of departmental resources committed to research, for example, space devoted to research, size of research budget, and full-time employee support for engineers, physicists, and chemists. In a regression model, measures of the number of engineers employed by a department, the number of attending staff, and the number of training lectures given by engineers were found to be most highly associated with dollar value of grant support. The average level of research resources available at responding institutions was generally low, despite a seemingly strong desire to do quality research. This is evidenced by a strong sentiment among respondents in favor of research training and quality control of research.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Lymphoma of the solid abdominal viscera.

Lymphomas of the solid abdominal viscera include hepatic (both primary and secondary), splenic, and pancreatic lymphomas. The use of the various diagnostic imaging modalities in each of these lymphomas is discussed, and the imaging appearance of each is described.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1989

A method for three-dimensional image reformation for quantitative cephalometric analysis.

Recognition and treatment of craniofacial deformities require an understanding of complex skeletal structures in three planes of space. Traditional imaging techniques rely on biplanar radiographs which provide only two-dimensional data. The introduction of three-dimensional image display (3DIR) has provided a method of object analysis in three planes of space, obviating the need for mental reconstruction, and yielding more spatial information than was previously available. This study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative value of three-dimensional images compared with cephalometric techniques in assessing a craniofacial deformity. Metallic marker references were placed on a deformed skull. Measurements taken from cephalograms and three-dimensional images were compared with corresponding digitized and manual measurements taken from the skull. Three-dimensional image reformation provided a more accurate representation of the deformity than the cephalometric methods. Because all structural relationships are preserved in the CT data matrix, measurements are inherently accurate and reproducible. 3DIR offers dynamic advantages over cephalometric methods because data can be manipulated interactively. Further investigation is needed to study the importance of head position and to develop patient selection criteria, scan protocols, and surgical treatment planning algorithms.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1986

Delayed complications from fine-needle biopsies of solid masses of the abdomen.

A prospective study was conducted from 1977 through 1983, to determine the incidence of complications, particularly bleeding, after fine needle biopsy for suspected malignancy of the abdomen and pelvis. Hematocrits before and after the biopsy procedure, medical record follow-up, and review by a coagulation specialist were used to identify bleeders. We performed 395 biopsies on 360 patients. Thirteen percent of the patients had bothersome pain either during or after the biopsy. Hematocrit drops of 3% or more were found in 51 (12.7%) of the patients; nine were determined to be a direct result of the biopsy procedure. Our results and review of the literature suggest that there are complications, including delayed bleeding, yet few are life threatening. We caution, however, that adequate follow-up to identify bleeders is very important in patients having fine-needle biopsies of solid masses of the abdomen.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

CT after uncomplicated esophageal sclerotherapy.

CT scans of the lower chest were performed before and after elective uncomplicated endoscopic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy in nine patients. CT findings included (1) esophageal wall thickening, (2) low attenuation within the wall giving the esophagus a laminated appearance, (3) a predominantly low attenuation mediastinal effusion that was often masslike, (4) obliteration of mediastinal fat planes, (5) thickening of the diaphragmatic crura, (6) pleural effusions, and (7) subsegmental atelectasis. No mediastinal or pleural gas was seen. Changes were less severe in patients who had received sclerotherapy several times in the past and in those who were given the least amount of sclerosant. An understanding of the CT changes after clinically uncomplicated esophageal sclerotherapy will aid in the interpretation of scans performed on patients with suspected complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Actin filament organization of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system: correlation with metastatic potential.

Recently, Volk, Geiger, and Raz (Cancer Res., 44: 811-824, 1984) addressed the question of whether variations in actin organization in clones of the murine K-1735 melanoma tumor correlated with their metastatic capability. Using immunofluorescence techniques, they found that clones which had a more ordered actin network were less metastatic, whereas clones having a diffuse actin staining pattern were more metastatic. Similarly, we have found that in the Dunning rat R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor system, the non-metastatic (less than 0.1%) H-prostatic tumor cell line has a prominent network of actin filament bundles, whereas the highly metastatic (greater than 90%) MatLyLu cell line has a diffuse actin staining pattern. In the low-metastatic (less than 10%) AT1 cell line an intermediate actin organization between H and MatLyLu was observed. Analysis of cell extracts from H- and MatLyLu-cells revealed differences in the level of activity of cellular proteins which affect actin filament assembly and structure in a manner similar to that of the cytochalasins, fungal metabolites which bind with high affinity to the fast-growing end of actin filaments. Extracts of MatLyLu were significantly more effective than those of H-cells in decreasing the extent of actin filament network formation and in inhibiting the rate of filament assembly by blocking monomer addition onto the fast-growing end. Measurements of spin-lattice nuclear magnetic resonance water proton relaxation times (T1) were made in surgically removed tumor tissue from four sublines (H, AT1, MatLyLu, and MatLu) of the Dunning R3327 tumor system. The highly metastatic cell lines had significantly longer water proton T1 relaxation times than did the lines with low metastatic potential. These differences in T1 may reflect the observed alterations in organization of actin filaments within these various sublines of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor system.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1985

Bone scanning with 99mtechnetium phosphate to assess condylar hyperplasia. Report of two cases.

Condylar hyperplasia poses a problem in planning treatment because it is a self-limiting process for some but not all patients. Continued growth creates a progressive deformity that requires condylectomy, whereas an enlarged condyle can be left in place after hyperplastic growth ceases, even if ramus surgery is needed to correct asymmetry. Bone scan with 99mtechnetium phosphate can be used to assist in making the differential diagnosis. In the two patients reported here, abnormal metabolic activity revealed by bone scans supported clinical and historical evidence that the condylar hyperplasia was active and required surgical correction, including condylectomy. The two cases demonstrate different approaches to postsurgical orthodontic treatment, depending on the amount of normal growth expected.

Adolescent↗