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Biomedical subjects

E V Staab

Publications and source records attributed to E V Staab.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

CSF rhinorrhea: detection and localization using overpressure cisternography with Tc-99m-DTPA.

We performed 32 overpressure radionuclide cisternography (ORNC) studies to examine 26 patients who were clinically suspected of having cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula with rhinorrhea. Fifteen (47%) of these cisternography studies were positive, and the site of the leak was identified. No leak could be demonstrated in the other 17. Of 23 examinations performed in patients who had clinically documented CSF rhinorrhea, 15 (65%) were scintigraphically positive. The rapid cephalad transit of the radionuclide bolus allowed completion of the study within 30 to 45 minutes. Seven examinations were also performed with overpressure metrizamide CT cisternography (OMCTC), and five demonstrated concordant results with the radionuclide study. Patient discomfort and side effects were minimal. We conclude that radionuclide infusion cisternography is a safe, rapid, and accurate method of investigating a suspected or proven CSF rhinorrhea and that it is complementary to metrizamide cisternography.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mesenteric cyst: sonographic appearance with CT correlation.

Two cases of mesenteric cysts are reported. Realtime ultrasound demonstrated the typical appearance of well-defined, anechoic masses. In addition, a solid appearance with a honeycomb pattern of internal echos was observed in one case. The other case had the appearance of loculated, septated ascites. Ultrasound and CT correlation are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Intraoperative ultrasonography evaluation of the gallbladder in morbidly obese patients.

Intraoperative ultrasound evaluation of the gallbladder was performed in 55 morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bariatric surgery. Cholecystectomy was performed in the presence of any physical or ultrasonographic abnormality. Eighteen patients (33%) had cholecystectomy. Nine patients had palpable gallbladder disease confirmed by ultrasound. Nine patients had abnormalities detected by ultrasonography only. There was no false-negative ultrasonographic exam compared to physical exam. Pathologically, all specimens but one showed evidence of disease, thus there was a false-positive incidence of 1.8%. None of the 37 patients with normal physical and ultrasonographic examination have returned with gallbladder disease following the bariatric surgery. Intraoperative ultrasonography shows promise in detecting nonpalpable gallbladder disease and decreasing the incidence of delayed cholecystectomy.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography in recurrent or metastatic colon cancer: relation to rising serum carcinoembryonic antigen.

Twenty patients with Stage Duke B or C adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum who have undergone radical surgical resection and demonstrated rising serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) during follow-up are the subject of this study. In all cases, while there was a continuous and progressive elevation of serum CEA, CT examination of the abdomen and pelvis was performed. Abnormal CT findings were demonstrated in 19 patients and included pelvic mass, liver metastases, and periaortic or mesenteric lymphadenopathy. There was one normal CT scan in a patient who subsequently developed metastases in the sacrum. Based on the observations in these patients, it is concluded that in routine follow-up after colorectal surgery, rising serum CEA should be considered a warning sign and warrants additional investigation by CT.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Adaptive grey level assignment in CT scan display.

The normal method of assigning grey levels to computed tomographic (CT) numbers in CT scan display involves interactive selection of an intensity window. This method often results in the inability to visualize different types of tissue in a single image and sometimes results in unnecessary loss of contrast sensitivity. A method is described that solves these problems by automatically adapting the assignment of displayable grey levels to CT numbers in a way that varies smoothly across the image according to local needs for the presentation of contrast. The adaptation is based on local histogram equalization implemented using interpolation so as to operate on a minicomputer in a few tens of seconds. This contrast enhancement is followed by a mapping that causes the viewer's perceptual response to be linear across the display scale.

Data Display↗
PubMed1984

Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors: IX. Phase I study of human lymphoblastoid interferon.

Interferon was administered intravenously on 3 consecutive days each week for 3 consecutive weeks in doses escalated each week from 10 to 20 to 30 megaunits (MU)/m2/day. Nine adult patients were treated, each of whom had undergone subtotal resection of a supratentorial anaplastic glioma within 3 weeks of beginning interferon treatment. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 71 years, and Karnofsky functional scores were 70 or greater. Evaluations included neurological examination, Karnofsky functional rating, computerized tomography brain scanning, and panels of hematologic, hepatic, renal, and coagulation testing. No dose-limiting or prohibitive toxicities were encountered, and each patient received nine interferon doses as scheduled. There were no symptoms of neurologic toxicity other than transient lethargy. Chills and fever occurred in all patients, while headache, lethargy, and back pain were experienced by half. These symptoms were most pronounced with the initial dose of each week and did not intensify with dose escalation. The most frequent side effect of interferon treatment was fever, usually peaking near the end of the initial 4-h infusion; it became less severe during the second and third weeks. Leukopenia and granulocytopenia were mild. Serum hepatic enzyme levels rose slightly during the course of interferon treatment and returned to normal after treatment was completed. Serum interferon levels reached a maximum concentration of 2,285 U/ml at the end of infusion and were proportional to the dosage. Interferon was not detectable in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, but fluid from the tumor bed of one patient contained 120 U/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Drainage of hepatic, intraabdominal, and mediastinal abscesses guided by computerized axial tomography. Successful alternative to open drainage.

Opens surgical drainage of intraabdominal, intrahepatic, and mediastinal abscess is well established. Although this may be the procedure of choice when there are indications for treatment of concurrent intraabdominal and mediastinal surgical disease, with the advent of computerized axial tomography and ultrasonography we have identified a patient population best served by percutaneous catheter drainage. The procedure involves precise localization using ultrasound or CAT scanning, fine needle aspiration for confirmation of diagnosis, and injection of radiopaque contrast medium with fluoroscopic observation to localize the abscess. Catheter placement is usually achieved by a Seldinger technique, although a trochar-cannula method is occasionally required. Our experience with 4 patients, as well as review of the world literature provides a cumulative experience of 252 patients, has led us to believe that this approach is successful 83 percent of the time with a minimal incidence of complications. Percutaneous catheter drainage of intrahepatic, intraabdominal, and mediastinal abscess guided by computerized axial tomography is the treatment of choice in patients who do not have other indications for exploration.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Soft-tissue hemorrhage in hemophiliac patients. Computed tomography and ultrasound study.

Fifty-four hemophiliac patients underwent a total of 94 studies using computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, or both. Not only common bleeding sites such as the iliopsoas muscles but also several unusual sites were encountered: these included the iliac bone, bowel wall, mesentery, rectus abdominis muscle, retroperitoneum, bladder wall, and scrotum. Both modalities gave comparable results, and each was helpful in (a) establishing the diagnosis, (b) evaluating the extent of bleeding and its effect on adjacent organs, and (c) demonstrating regression after treatment.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonic detection of renal calculi: accuracy tested in an in vitro porcine kidney model.

Porcine kidneys containing human calculi of known size and composition were used to study the ability of ultrasound to localize intrarenal calculi. The study conducted in a blind fashion demonstrated that stones as small as 2 mm could be detected. The chemical composition was not related to the ability to detect the stone. Early trials in the operating room have been encouraging. The porcine kidney model is useful for training purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Liver-spleen imaging in patients with subacute hepatic necrosis and chronic hepatitis.

Tc-99m-sulfur colloid reticuloendothelial images and percutaneous liver biopsies are correlated in 54 patients who presented with signs and symptoms of subacute hepatic necrosis or chronic active hepatitis. The scored Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scan is compared to the histological severity of disease. Serial scans and biopsies are compared. In patients with significant hepatocellular disease, the liver-spleen scan did not correlate well with the histological severity of disease. Changes in the spleen-to-liver ratio are more common than those in the liver or increased bone marrow activity, and appear earlier. In serial studies, changes in the Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scans correlate weakly with changes in histology.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of acetabular fractures.

Computed tomography (CT) is helpful in delineating the extent and configuration of fractures of the acetabulum. These injuries are frequently complex, and the precise pathological anatomy is not easily demonstrated by conventional radiographs. In some cases CT will reveal a fracture which may not be seen on the radiograph. In addition, the extent of soft-tissue damage and joint involvement is precisely demonstrated with CT. Five cases are presented to illustrate the value of CT in acetabular fractures.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1980

Renal lymphoma imaged by ultrasound and gallium-67.

Lymphomatous involvement of the kidneys, usually a secondary process, may be seen as single or multiple sonolucent or weakly echogenic masses on ultrasound. The majority of these patients have a known diagnosis of lymphoma and are being evaluated for change in nodal mass size, flank pain, and/or deteriorating renal function. Occasionally, these masses are discovered on an excretory urogram and are further investigated with ultrasound. The ultrasound findings may be confirmed with gallium scanning. Five such cases are presented along with the ultrasonic and gallium scan findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Bone-scan appearance of benign oral pathologic conditions.

Bone scans and dental examinations were completed on 22 patients. Results indicate that periodontal and periapical inflammation, healing wounds, traumatized alveolar ridges, and multiple cementomas result in positive scans. These areas should be recognized as benign dental disease and not misinterpreted as malignant lesions.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

Computerized tomography applied to gynecologic oncology.

Forty patients on the gynecologic oncology service at the University of North Carolina were evaluated with CT scans. Accuracy and clinical benefit of these scans were compared to those of manual clinical examinations. The CT scans were generally superior and had fewer (9) verified errors in the regions of the pelvic wall and para-aortic area than did the manual examinations (17). Both the CT and bimanual examinations had the same number of verified errors (3) in the central pelvic region. The authors found the CT scans to be beneficial in evaluation of pelvic wall and para-aortic regions for treatment planning of either primary or recurrent cancer.

Diagnosis, Differential↗