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Biomedical subjects

E V Staab

Publications and source records attributed to E V Staab.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Computerized tomography applied to gynecologic oncology.

Forty patients on the gynecologic oncology service at the University of North Carolina were evaluated with CT scans. Accuracy and clinical benefit of these scans were compared to those of manual clinical examinations. The CT scans were generally superior and had fewer (9) verified errors in the regions of the pelvic wall and para-aortic area than did the manual examinations (17). Both the CT and bimanual examinations had the same number of verified errors (3) in the central pelvic region. The authors found the CT scans to be beneficial in evaluation of pelvic wall and para-aortic regions for treatment planning of either primary or recurrent cancer.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

Thrombosis: a study of coagulation parameters and mechanisms during allograft rejection.

Thrombosis of the microvasculature has been recognized at the end product of organ rejection, but the exact biological pathway through which this occurs has not been clarified. Normal, factor VII deficient and heterozygous hemophilic (factor VIII) dogs were grouped to study the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting and platelet mechanisms during unmodified renal allograft rejection. The observed alterations of the hemostatic mechanisms are related to the changes observed in the microvasculature. Six groups of donor-recipient animals were studied: Group I -autografts (control); Group II - normal to normal allografts with bilateral nephrectomy; Group III - heterozygotes for factor VIII deficiency; Group IV - normal to normal allografts with unilateral nephrectomy; Group V - normal to factor VII deficiency without nephrectomy; and Group VI - normal to normal allografts with unilateral nephrectomy and dipyridamole. Each engrafted animal was followed pre- and posttransplantation for change in the blood clotting factors, fibrin split products, platelets, white blood cells, renal function and microvasculature. The animals with factor VII deficiency rejected in a similar fashion as the control animals. The group with impaired factor VIII synthesis and platelet function had longer survival times. These data suggest that the intrinsic clotting pathway and platelets are the primary mechanism through which thrombosis occurs secondary to immune injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography and spinal dysraphism: clinical and phantom studies.

Two cases illustrating the value of CT in the assessment of spinal dysraphic tissue are presented. In one case, the configuration and origins of two osseous diastematomyelic spurs were shown well; in the second case, the CT recognition of a sacral lipoma led to air myelographic confirmation of the tumor and tethered cord. CT phantom studies indicated that dysraphic tissues, such as fat, cartilage, and fibrous tissue, are better identified and quantitated in the spinal canal when surrounded by air. Varying degrees of image degradation occur with water (simulating CSF) or metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography: a three-dimensional study of the nasal airway.

1. Accurate volume measurement of the nasal airway based upon computed tomography images sequentially generated along the length of the airway is possible. 2. The cross-sectional area of the airway at any position along its length can be determined. 3. The most constricted part of the airway is not necessarily at the location of the turbinates. 4. Details of hard- and soft-tissue anatomy not otherwise discernible can be detected with computed tomography imaging.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1979

Multiple imaging modalities for the study of pancreatic disease.

Gray scale ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) have enhanced the role of various imaging modalities in the evaluation of patients with suspected pancreatic disease. When these anatomical studies are normal or equivocal, a functional, radionuclide pancreas scan may be useful. Pancreatic imaging can be achieved using ultrasound, transmission CT, single photon radionuclide imaging, and positron emission CT. A diagnostic imaging decision chart for the evaluation of patients with possible pancreatic disease is useful in choosing the correct imaging modality in a specific situation. Such a chart and its theoretic basis are described in this review. The need to optimize the pancreatic work-up with respect to cost-benefit decisions and diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are of particular concern to the physician. Of all the potential areas for disease, the pancreas has been and remains a particularly difficult diagnostic problem.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Technical note. Optimal computed tomography technique for bone evaluation.

Various combinations of window settings and displays were evaluated to determine the optimal photographic reproduction of images obtained from the Ohio-Nuclear Delta scanner to best demonstrate bony structure by computed tomography. A combination of wide window and negative images will produce better bony structure detail than various other settings. The physical basis of this technique will be described along with several cases to illustrate the conclusion. Although no one combination was universally adequate, the best in our experience was a wide window with negative images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Computerized tomography of frontal sinus pneumatocele.

The radiographic feature and computerized tomography (CT) findings in a case of frontal sinus osteoma associated with pneumatocele are described along with the clinical history and surgical findings. CT gives useful information regarding the extent of air dissection and its relation with the ventricular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Role of gallium 67 in inflammatory disease.

Gallium 67 has been found to be extremely useful for detection of inflammatory disease. In the skeletal system it complements the 99m Tc-phosphate compounds in differentiating periatricular osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis. Gallium is particularly useful in documenting successful treatment of bone infection because the phosphate scan remains positive for much longer periods of time. In a variety of chest disorders gallium uptake has been found to correlate well with the active inflammatory state. One of the most frequent uses of gallium imaging has been for localization of inflammatory foci in postoperative patients as well as in patients who present with fever of undetermined origin. Neutrophilic labeling followed by migration to the inflammatory area appears to be the major mechanism of localization of radiogallium. For this reason leukopenic patients constitute a group in which false negative results may be encountered.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative multiregional CSF kinetics using serial, metrizamide enhanced computed tomography.

Two rhesus monkeys studied by serial metrizamide (Amipaque) enhanced computer tomography (CT) imaging were used to quantitatively analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kinetics in multiple anatomical regions. Time--density curves were generated for the cisterna magna, suprasellar cistern, quadrigeminal cistern, and sylvian fissure, If clinical, biochemical, and routine static CT scanning indicate a profile suggesting normal pressure hydrocephalus, then CSF kinetics may be quantitatively and dynamically studied by CT imaging with metrizamide enhancement. This multiregional approach may be applied in an attempt to accurately distinguish normal pressure hydrocephalus from cerebral atrophy as a means of predicting which patients will likely profit from surgical diversionary shunting.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A multiregional kinetics model for cerebrospinal fluid.

A mathematical model was developed to describe the multiregional flow of intrathecal indium-111 DTPA, and hence indirectly the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, in sequential spinal and cerebral CSF images. The model provides for an arbitrary input function, transport delay between appropriate compartments, transmeningeal and transependymal transport, and for bidirectional flow between most compartments. Two- and eight-compartment models were evaluated. The set of eight nonlinear differential equations was solved using numerical techniques. This model provides a quantitative basis for the interpretation of CSF kinetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.

Forty-seven patients with cholestatic jaundice were evaluated for extrahepatic biliary obstruction by ultrasonic cholangiography and the results verified by contrast cholangiography, celiotomy, or autopsy. Sonograms were evaluated both with ("official" reading) and without ("blind" reading) clinical information. By showing dilated bile ducts, sonography correctly diagnosed extrahepatic obstruction in 26 of 30 patients on "official" reading and 23 of 30 on "blind" reading. In all 17 patients without extrahepatic obstruction, sonography revealed the absence of dilated bile ducts. Among patients with extrahepatic obstruction, those with larger bile ducts had higher bilirubin concentrations, longer duration of jaundice, and were more reliably detected by sonography. In these patients, 94% with total bilirubin concentration greater than 10 mg/dl were detected by sonography, while 47% with total bilirubin concentration less than 10 mg/dl were detected. Although we recognize the limited sensitivity of sonography in early extrahepatic obstruction, we find it to be a valuable screening test in cholestatic jaundice.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1978

Congenital saccular aneurysm in a 19-day-old neonate: case report and review of the literature.

A 19-day-old neonate presented with a massive intracranial hemorrhage which was found at autopsy to be due to a ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysm. Detailed histologic evaluation revealed that this was a true congenital lesion. A survey of the literature yielded 19 cases of saccular aneurysm in the first year of life. Together with this report, nine cases are now on record, containing sufficient histologic detail to suggest a congenital basis, contrary to the assertion casting doubt on the existence of the entity. Attention is drawn to the practical importance of recognizing this lesion as a rare cause of intracranial hemorrhage in the neonate, since successful surgical intervention has been reported in several cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Perilymph fistulas secondary to gunshot wound. Localization with a radioactive pharmaceutical.

The symptoms, clinical evaluation, routes of formation, and repair of perilymph fistulas are reviewed. We report a case with oval and round window perilymph fistulas secondary to a gunshot wound. A radioactive pharmaceutical was injected into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar area. Subsequent radioactivity was detected at the sites of the fistulas. We discuss the implications and a suggested technique for fistula detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Radionuclide imaging of intestinal infarction.

An acute small bowel infarction in a 57-year-old male alcoholic produced a dense positive image on a gallium-67 citrate scan. Radionuclide imaging may be useful in the diagnosis of this condition, which has a high mortality rate and is not often diagnosed premortem.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The evaluation of routine selective arteriography in the investigation of renovascular hypertension.

A comparison of lesions discovered by selective renal arteriograms with abnormalities observed on abdominal aortograms was made in 100 consecutive hypertensive patients. Twenty-one lesions not seen on aortograms were found by selection. Eight patients with a normal aortogram had lesions. An abnormality was discovered in at least one study in 58 patients. The increased rate of lesion detection by selective studies outweighs the slight risk of complications.

Adenocarcinoma↗